Lesson 10 Boiler Management.doc

Lesson 10 Boiler Management第10课 锅炉管理1.General management principles and operating procedures are well known and must always be followed to avoid boiler mishaps. In particular:锅炉的一般管理规则及操作程序是众所周知的，为避免锅炉的损坏而必须遵守，特别是：2.With many small package boilers, the automatic control sequence usually ensures that the boiler fire is initially ignited from a diesel oil supply, and changed over to the usual source when ignition is completed. With good management, to facilitate subsequent starting from cold, the fuel system of large boilers will have been flushed through with diesel oil when the boiler is on light duty immediately prior to being secured. When burning such diesel fuel it is essential for safety that only the correct (small) burner tip should be used. It should be kept in mind that if fire does not light, immediately shut off fuel and vent furnace.对许多小型总装式锅炉，自动控制顺序通常能确保用轻油点火，点火完成后改用正常使用的燃料。管理良好的大型锅炉，为方便下次冷炉启动，在停炉前锅炉负荷较低时，应用柴油冲刷燃油系统。当燃用轻柴油时，为安全起见，仅可使用合适的(小的)燃烧器。应牢记，若点火失败，应立即切断燃油并吹扫炉膛。3.Complete ignition of fuel in the furnace is essential. The burner flame, the smoke indicator and the funnel should be frequently observed. With satisfactory combustion, the flame should appear incandescent with an orange shade at the flame tip, and a faint brownish haze should show at the funnel. If on first ignition the flame is uncertain, badly shaped and separated from the primary swirler, momentary opening or closing of air register may correct.燃油在炉膛充分燃烧非常必要。应不断观察燃烧火焰、排烟指示器及烟囱。当燃烧良好时，火焰白炽，火焰前端呈桔黄色，烟囱冒淡褐色轻烟。若首次燃烧时火焰不稳定，火炬形状很差并与主旋流配风器分离，可通过不时地开关调风器进行调整。4.The pH value of the boiler feed water should be kept between 8 and 9 and the boiler density less than 300 ppm. But, if water samples show a heavy concentration of suspended matter, short blowdown of 20 seconds duration should be given until the sludge content is seen reduced. The boiler should be blown down when the oil burner is operating, the water level lowered and then restored to prove the functioning of the low water cutout and the oil burner start-up equipment. The boiler scum valve should also be operated at this time to keep the water level clear from floating scum.锅炉给水pH应保持在89且浓度小于30010-6 (300 ppm)，但是，如果水样显示悬浮物浓度太大，应短暂排污20 s，至浮渣含量呈现减少。在燃烧器工作时，对锅炉进行排污，水位应当下降并恢复，以证明低水位保护装置及燃烧器启动设备功能正常。同时，还应使上排污阀工作，使水面无浮渣。5.Fuel burner components and igniter electrodes should be cleaned weekly and the furnace examined to ensure that there are no excess carbon deposits.每周清洁燃烧器组件和点火电极，检查炉膛并确认无过多积炭。6.Tubes in the exhaust gas section of the boiler should be brushed through at about six- month intervals, and those in the oil-burning section periodically examined and cleaned as necessary with a wire bristle brush. With correct feed water treatment, blowdown procedures and sludge contents in water samples at a stable level, it should not be necessary to wash out the water side of the boiler more than once every three or four months.每6个月左右，彻底清刷锅炉排气部分的管子。对燃油燃烧部分的管子定期检查并视需要用钢丝刷清洗。给水处理良好、排污操作合理，水样中浮渣含量稳定的锅炉，水侧清洗不超过3 4个月一次。7.Boiler fires may be out for long periods when a ship is at sea and the boiler steaming maintained by heat input from waste heat recovery plant. This operation is free from hazard, but feed water and boiler water treatment must be maintained to prevent internal deterioration or scale formation. Water level controllers must be kept operable to protect external steam-using plant from water carry-over danger.船舶在海上定速航行时可让锅炉长期熄火，而由废热回收装置加热产生蒸汽。此操作虽没有危险，但给水和水的处理必须保持以防止内部水质恶化或形成水垢。水位控制器须保持正常工作，以保护外部蒸汽使用装置免受汽水共腾的危害。8.If a boiler is isolated from the steam-using system it must be kept either in closed dry storage with a suitable internal desiccant, or completely full of treated water, or under a low steam pressure preferably maintained by a steam-heated coil.如果要将锅炉和蒸汽使用系统隔开，应在炉内置适当干燥剂，使锅炉处于干燥密封状态，或使锅炉充满处理过的水，或者处于在由低压蒸汽盘管维持良好的低压蒸汽压力下。9.Regular testing of boiler protective devices must be implemented.锅炉保护装置须定期试验。10.Frequent comparison of drum-mounted and remote-reading water level indicators: discrepancies between these have contributed to failures because of overheating through shortage of water, when a boiler is being oil-fired. If in doubt as to the true boiler water level, i. e. whether a water level indicator sight glass is completely full or empty, when a unit is being oil-fired the fire should be immediately extinguished until the true level is resolved.锅筒上的水位计和远距离水位计的读数要经常比较:当锅炉烧油时, 两者之间的差异已经造成过因缺水而致的过热故障。如果对锅炉的真实水位有怀疑, 即不论水位计观察镜显示全满或全空, 都应立即熄火(如锅炉烧油的话), 等实际水位恢复后(方可再点火)。11.Procedures should be predetermined and followed in the event of shortage of water, bulging or fracture of plates or furnace, or bursting of water tubes. In general, fires should be immediately extinguished by remote tripping of fuel supply valves; forced draught air pressure maintained if there is any risk of escaping steam entering the boiler room; steam pressure relieved if metallic fractures seem possible; and boiler water level maintained, where practicable,until the boiler begins to cool down.各种防范措施应预先制定并加以遵守, 以防万一缺水, 管板或炉膛钢板飘曲变形、破裂或水管爆裂。一般而言, 应立即用燃油远控速闭装置熄火。万一有蒸汽逸出迸人锅炉房的险情时, 要保持通风压力;当可能会发生金属破裂时, 要释放锅炉蒸汽压力;在锅炉尚未冷却时应尽可能保持水位。12.Regular operation of soot blowers, if they are fitted, when the boiler is on oil-fired operation. The steam supply line must be thoroughly warmed and drained before the blowers are used, the air/fuel ratio increased throughout the action, and blowers greased after use.当锅炉烧油工作时, 如装有吹灰器, 要定时开启。在使用吹灰器前, 供汽管路要完全预热、放残, 在吹灰的全过程中, 风油比加大, 用过后, 吹灰器涂以油脂。13.Immediate investigation of any high salinity alarms in condensate system, and elimination of any salt water or oil contamination of boiler feed water system.对冷凝系统中任何高盐度警报要及时清查, 将锅炉供水系统的任何盐水或油污水排掉。14.Safety precautions must be taken before entering a boiler connected to another boiler under steam.在进入一个与另一个含汽锅炉相连的锅炉前, 要采取安全预防措施。B.Multiple Choice选择题Questions 1-4 are based on paragraphs 1-3. 根据课文第1-3段回答问题1-31.With many small package boilers, when should diesel oil be used according to the text? 根据课文，小型锅炉什么时候使用柴油?答素.DA.When the boiler fire is initially ignite d. 当锅炉最初点火时B.Flush through the fuel system of large boilers immediately before the boiler is secured. 停火之前立即冲洗大型锅炉的燃油系统。C.Neither A nor B. A,B都不是。D.Both A and B. A和B2.When burning diesel fuel, for safety reasons what should be kept in mind? 当燃烧柴油时，为了安全，应牢记什么?答案:CA.Use large burner tip whenever possible. 如有可能用大油头B.Fuel supply should not be cut off immediately. 燃油供应不能立即切断C.Immediately shut off fuel and vent furnace if there is an ignition failure. 如果点火失败，立即切断供油，吹扫炉膛D.Blow more air into the furnace to assist burning往炉膛内吹更多空气以辅助燃烧.3.Proper combustion in a boiler would be indicated by . 锅炉中恰当的燃烧可通过叫一判断。0素;BA. yellowish flame浅黄色火焰B. golden yellow flame金黄色火焰C. white flame白色火焰D. brilliant white flame明亮的白色火焰Questions 510 are based on paragraphs 48.根据课文第4-8段回答问题4-94.If an operating auxiliary boiler has a water pH reading of 7, you should . 如果正在运行的辅助锅炉的水pH值读数为7，应该_答素:BA.bottom blow the boiler下排污B.treat the water with caustic soda用苛性钠处理水C.treat the water with chemical scavengers用清除剂处理水D.reduce the water alkalinity降低水的碱度5.What should be done if there is a high concentration of solid particles? 如果固体颗粒浓度过高应该怎么办?答素;DA.Filter the water. 过滤水B.Treat the water with caustic soda用苛性钠处理水.C.Treat the water with chemical scavengers. 用化学清除剂处理水D.Blow down the boiler. 下排污6For proper operation, auxiliary boiler feed water must have which of the following characteristics? 为了合理运行，辅助锅炉给水应该具有以下哪种特点?答素;CA.High oxygen concentration. 氧浓度高B. Low pH. pH值低C.Proper alkalinity. 适当的碱度。D. All of the above. 以上全部7.Which of the following routine maintenance work is correct to keep the boiler functioning properly? 为保证锅炉正常运行，以下哪些日常维护工作是正确的?答素.DA.Clean fuel burner components and igniter electrodes every week. 每周清洁燃烧器部件和点火电极。B.Clean tubes in the exhaust gas section of the boiler with wire brushes every six month. 每6个月用钢丝刷清洁锅炉排气侧的管子。C.Examine the furnace to ensure that there are no excess carbon deposits. 检查炉膛保证没有过量积炭。D.All of the above. 以上全部。8.If a boiler is isolated from the steam-using system, how must it be kept? 如果锅炉从蒸汽使用系统隔开，应怎样维护?答素.DA.In closed dry storage. 处于干燥密闭状态B. Completely full of treated water.充满处理过的水C.Under a low steam pressure. 处于低压蒸汽压力下D. Any of the above. 上述任何一种9Water level controllers must be kept operable to protect external steam-using plant from water danger. 必须保证水位控制器正常工作以保护外部蒸汽使用装置不受水_。答素.BA.carry-out带走B. carry-over汽水共腾C.carry-in输人D. carry-down.取下Questions 1113 are based on paragraphs 914.根据课文第9-14段回答问题10-1210.If in doubt as to the true water level when a boiler is being oil-fired, you should 当锅炉处于燃油工作状态时，如果对锅炉的真实水位有疑问，应当_。答素.BA.take no measures不采取措施B.extinguish the fire as soon as possible尽快熄火C.feed water to the boiler.向锅炉给水D.open the blowdown valve打开下排污阀11.What procedures should be followed in the event of shortage of water, bulging or fracture of plates or furnace, or bursting of water tubes? 在缺水，管板或炉膛瓢曲、破裂，或是水管爆裂时应采取哪些措施?答素.DA.Immediately extinguish the boiler fire. 立即使锅炉熄火B.Maintain forced draught air pressure if necessary. 如有必要保持强制通风压力C.Maintain boiler water level if possible. 尽可能保持水位。D.All of the above. 以上全部12.Which of the following statements is not true? 下列哪项叙述是不正确的?答素;DA.The steam supply line must be thoroughly warmed and drained before the soot blowers are used. .使用吹灰器之前，供汽管路要完全预热、放残。B.The soot blowers should be greased after use. 吹灰器使用后要涂以油脂C.If there are high salinity alarms in condensate system, find out the cause. 如冷凝系统有高盐度警报，查明原因。D.Safety precautions are not necessary to take before entering a boiler connected to another boiler under steam. 在进人一个与蒸汽锅炉相连的锅炉前，不必采取安全预防措施。Task 2 Vocabulary and Structure任务2词汇与结构A.Technical TermsA.专业术语Translate the following into Chinese. 将下列词组译成汉语。1.自动控制时序 2.涡旋式喷嘴 3.旋流配风器 4.悬浮物5，低水位切断 6.点火电极 7.积炭 8.钢丝刷9.余热回收 10.汽水共腾 I1.锅筒上的水位计 12.遥控水位计13.缺水 14.燃油遥控速闭装置 15.强制通风压力 16.风油比17.高盐度警报1.automatic control sequence2.swirier3.air register 4.suspended matter5.low water cutout6