综合教程第2版1 Unit1-8 Words and Expressions.doc

Unit1 Words and ExpressionsConfront anguish shudder well (up/out) rest on/upon/against have sth. in common look into give in to lock sth. away part bring back summonn L1. confront v. (1) to be faced with and have to deal with; meet 面临，面对，遇到 e.g.We must confront the future with optimism. He has prepared answers to the questions he expects to confront during the interview. *be confronted with/by 面临，面对，碰上 e.g.The actress was confronted by a large group of reporters as she left the stage door. Customers are confronted with a bewildering amount of choice. All the programs will be confronted with great difficulties at the start. 所有的项目刚开始时总会遇到很大的困难。*if a problem, difficulty etc. confronts sb., it appears and needs to be dealt with 出现在面前（以任务、困难等名词作主语） e.g.The problems confronting the new government were enormous. New tasks now confront the teachers and the students.(2) to deal with something very difficult or unpleasant in a brave and determined way 勇敢面对，对抗，正视 e.g.We try to help people confront their problems. They have confronted the problem of terrorism with great determination. *confront sb. with sth.: to force sb. to deal with or accept the truth of sth.; bring face to face with 使不得不面对，使正视，使对质 (passive: be confronted with) e.g.I confronted him with my suspicions, and he admitted everything. When the police confronted her with the evidence, she admitted that she was guilty. When (she was) confronted with the evidence of her guilt, she confessed. n L1. anguish n. very great pain and suffering, esp. of the mind （精神上的）极度痛苦 e.g.She was in anguish over her missing child. The anguish of not knowing the truth was almost unbearable. King Lear, a broken-hearted, confused old man, died in anguish. 李尔王，这位身心交瘁、精神恍惚的老人在痛苦中死去。 *anguished a. An _ look appeared on her face. n L5. shudder v. to shake uncontrollably for a moment 发抖，颤抖，战栗 e.g.I shudder to think how big the bill will be. I shudder with terror whenever I think about it. She shuddered at the sight of the dead body. 她一看到那具尸体就不寒而栗。 cf. shake shudder: vi. It suggests a more intense shaking, which is less noticeable to an onlooker. shake: vt.& vi. It suggests sth. that is done to as well as by a person or object. People still _ at the thought of that terrible earthquake. The tree branches were _ in that sudden gust of wind. n L5. well (up/out) to start to flow （液体）涌出 e.g. Blood welled (out) from the cut. She was so moved that tears welled (up/forth/out) in her eyes. *if a feeling wells or wells up in you, you start to feel it strongly e.g. Sympathy welled up in her for him. Anger welled up within him. n L5. rest on/upon/against to fall on; to lean on; to be supported by 搭着，靠着，支撑 e.g.Rest your head on my shoulder. He rested his elbows on the table and leaned forward. Their bikes were resting against the wall. All his hopes rest on the leader. 他全部的希望寄托在领导者的身上。 Our policy should rest on the basis of self-reliance. 我们的政策要建立在自力更生的基础之上。 n L12. have sth. in common to share the same quality or interest 有共同之处 *in common shared with someone else; having the same interest, attitudes, etc. 共同的 e.g. I found I had a lot in common with these people. The two games have much / nothing/little in common. In common with most young people I hate getting up early in the morning. 和大多数年轻人一样，我也讨厌一早起床。n L13. look into (1) to look at sth. in a certain direction 朝某方向看 e.g.I crouched beside him and looked into his wild eyes. It is helpful for pupils not to have to look into bright light. 非必要不朝着亮光看对瞳孔是有好处的。(2) to find out about; to examine the meaning or causes of 调查，研究 e.g. Police are looking into the disappearance of two children. cf. L10. stare off into: stop watching sth. and look at sth. else steadilyn L32. give in (to) to give way; to surrender; to accept that you are defeated 屈服（于），（向）投降 e.g.The two boys fought until one gave in to the other. We will never give in to terrorist demands. She was determined not to give in to despair. cf. give up give up: to stop trying to do sth. give in: to admit that you have been defeated by sb./sth. n L35. lock sth. away to lock up; to put in a safe place and fasten the lock; to keep sth. secret 把某物锁藏起来，封存起来 e.g.We locked all our valuables away before we went on holiday. Make backup copies of your data, and lock them away. *lock sth. away within sb. keep sth. in ones mind and never forget it You should not shed tears but lock your sorrow away within yourself. 你不应当流泪，而应当把忧伤深埋心中。 n L36. part v. to be no longer together; to separate 分开，分离，离别 e.g.I hope that we part as friends / remain friends as we part. The war parted many men from their families. The crowd parted to let him through. They had hardly ever parted from each other / They were hardly ever parted in thirty years of marriage. 结婚三十年间他们几乎从未分开过。 No child should be parted from his parents by force. 不应该强迫孩子与父母分开。 The sunlight flooded the room when he parted the curtains. 他拉开窗帘，屋里顿时充满了阳光。n part from: to separate from, to go away from e.g. She has parted from her husband. (= She and her husband have parted.) All of a sudden the front of the building parted from the rest and fell like a breaking wave into the street. n part with: to give sth. to sb. else unwillingly or to stop having it yourself （不情愿地）放弃，舍弃，出让 e.g.Despite his poverty, he refused to part with the family jewels. The man parted with his gold medal to pay for his sons education. n L37. bring back to make sb. remember sth., to cause to return to mind 使记起，使回忆起 e.g.Hearing the song brings back some happy memories. Seeing her again brought all sweet memories back. The photos brought back some wonderful memories. n L41. summon v. (1) to tell or request sb. to come 召唤，召集 e.g. He was summoned to (attend) an emergency meeting. Summon the pupils together in the school hall. *summon a meeting/conference to arrange for a meeting to take place and order people to come to it He summoned a meeting of business leaders. (2) to make a feeling, an idea, a memory, etc. come into your mind 唤起，使想起 e.g.The book summoned up memories of my childhood.(3) to force (a particular quality) to come as if from deep inside oneself, in an attempt to do sth. 发挥出（某品性）来做某事，鼓起，鼓足 e.g.They summon (up) their courage for the battle. I had to summon (up) all my nerve to face my boss. I cant summon up much enthusiasm for the project.n L47. move on(1) (to order) to go away to another place （使）离开 e.g. “Come along, sir, move on,” said the policeman. The drunk was annoying people, so the policeman moved him on. (2) to change to sth. different or new 更换（话题，工作等） e.g. I think weve talked about that subject enough; lets move on. I enjoyed my job, but it was time to move on. Before we move on, does anyone have any questions? Unit2 Words and Expressionshead crinkly be through scornful send for take sth. apart calculate superior loftily regular dispute adjust tuck insert sigh L1. head v. (1) to be at the top of; to provide a heading for 位于上面，给加标题 e.g.*be headed if a page is headed with a particular name, title, image etc, it has it on the top The chapter _ “My Early Life”. The memorandum _“Confidential.” (2) to lead; to be at the front of; to be in charge of 带领，居之首； 主管，领导 e.g.The sales director heads a team of 20 representatives. The Commission of Inquiry headed by the president of the Board of Trustees is investigating the case. (3) to move in a certain direction 朝着行进 e.g. Where are you guys heading/headed? We headed south towards the capital. L5. crinkly a. having many thin folds; (of hair) curly 起皱的，多皱纹的；（头发）卷曲的 e.g.The paper was brown and crinkly at the edges. The leaves turned brown and crinkly. My shirts were all crinkly when I got them out of the suitcase. 衬衫从箱子里拿出来时全都皱了。*crinkle v. to become covered with small folds, or make sth. do this （使）起皱 e.g.The leaves of the dead plant crinkled. He smiled, his eyes crinkling. Her face crinkled up in a smile. L9. be through (with sb./sth.) (1) to have finished doing sth. or using sth. 做完，用完，看完 e.g.Im not through yet I should be finished in an hour. I need to use the computer when youre through. When will you be through with your work? 你什么时候会干完你的活？ Im just about half-way through. 我就完成一半左右。 The novel is a delight. I am only about two thirds through. (2) to no longer have a relationship with sb. 与某人关系结束，不再来往 e.g. Thats it! Simon and I are through. Im through with you! Do what you like. We are through. L19. scornful a. showing great disrespect for sb. or sth. 鄙视的，轻蔑的 e.g.Her scornful smile hurt him. How can you put up with his scornful remark? He was scornful of idol worship. 他鄙视偶像崇拜。 *scorn v. to show that you think that sth. is stupid, unreasonable, or not worth accepting 鄙视； n. the feeling that sb. or sth. is stupid or does not deserve respect 轻蔑，蔑视 e.g.Some people scorn the use of make-up. She scorned all our offers of help. He felt/had scorn for his working-class parents. Rachel looked at me with scorn (=scornfully). L23. send for to ask or order sb. to come by sending them a message 要求或指示将送到，使来到 e.g. Get back into bed. Ill send for the doctor. Ive sent for help. I sent for someone to repair the TV. 我叫了人来修理电视机。 L26. take sth. apart to separate sth. into all its different parts 拆开某物 e.g.Tom was always taking things apart in the garage.cf. L33. take sth./sb. away to remove sb. or sth., or to make sth. disappear 移开，使消失 e.g. She whisked the tray off the table and took it away. apart or away? Nothing can take _ the anguish of losing a child. Take the watch _ and see if you can see whats wrong with it. Anxiety has taken _ his appetite. L32. calculate v. (1) to find out how much sth. will cost, how long sth. will take, etc. by using numbers 计算 e.g. With that information you can calculate the data access time. Oil prices are calculated in dollars. I am trying to calculate how much paint we need. We calculate that the average size farm in Lancaster County is 65 acres. It has been calculated that the worlds population will double by the end of the century. They have used this formula to calculate the average. 他们用了这个公式来计算平均值。 We need to calculate how much time the task will take. 我们需要算出完成这项任务要用多少时间。 (2) to guess sth. or form an opinion by using all the information available; estimate 估计，推测 e.g. Its difficult to calculate what effect all these changes will have on the company. Conservationists calculate that hundreds of species could be lost in this area. L35. superior a. (1) derog (as if) thinking oneself better than others 贬义 有优越感的，高傲的，傲慢的 e.g. He smiled a superior smile as he drove past in his expensive new car. She had that superior tone of voice. (2) better, more powerful, more effective etc. than others 更好的 *superior to better than e.g. Fletchers superior technique brought him victory. Your computer is far _ mine. She always acts so _ everyone else. *superiority n. an attitude that shows you think you are better than other people 傲慢，优越感；state of being better 优越，优胜 e.g.Janet always spoke with an air of superiority. The organization is technically superior to its rivals. (adj. n.) The organization has a technical superiority over its rivals.*inferior a. lower (in rank, social position, importance, quality, etc.) 较次的，较差的 e.g.This resulted in overpriced and often inferior products. He preferred the company of those who were intellectually inferior to himself. L37. loftily ad. haughtily; in a manner that shows one is better than other people 高傲地，傲慢地 e.g.That man behaves loftily and turns down any request for help. When I asked for help, he just smiled loftily and turned away.*lofty a. (1) showing that one thinks one is better than other people 高傲的，傲慢的 She has such a lofty manner. She said that in a lofty manner / with a lofty smile. (2) (of ideas, feelings, aims, etc.) of unusually high moral quality （理想、情感、目标等）高尚的，崇高的 He had set himself the lofty goal of reaching the worlds top five. She has lofty ideals of equality and social justice. He set himself lofty goals. L41., 65. regular a. (1) only before noun normal, ordinary 平常的，普通的，一般的 e.g.I have a regular wallet with everything you can possibly think of. How long does it take by regular mail？ Regular teachers just dont have the training to deal with problem children. (2) following a pattern, esp. with the same time and space in between each thing and the next 规则的，有规律的，定期的e.g.We should have regular habits / be regular in our habits (=do the same things at the same times every day). He works hard and keeps regular hours. I visit my parents at regular intervals. (3) only before noun, of people doing the same thing or going to the same place often 经常做某事的，常去某地的 e.g. The store has a lot of regular customers. I am a regular visitor to this website. *irregular a. not regular e.g.Apparently newborns can sometimes have problems with irregular breathing. His attendance at school has been somewhat irregular. *regularity n. state of being regular e.g. Find something you enjoy doing and do it with regularity (=regularly) to establish a routine. Is there any regularity in English word stress? L47. dispute (1) v. to question or doubt the truth of sth.; to argue (about sth.), esp. angrily or passionately and for a long period （尤指生气地或激烈而长时间地）争论，辩论，争执 e.g.The two governments _ the ownership of the territory. The question was hotly disputed in the Senate. 这个问题在参议院中引起激烈辩论。 (2) v. to disagree about or question the truth or correctness of 反对，辩驳，对表示怀疑 e.g. The main facts of the book have never been disputed. Few would dispute that travel broadens the mind. (3) n. (an) argument or quarrel, esp. an official one between one group or organization and another 辩论，争端，纠纷 e.g. There has been much dispute over the question of legalized abortion. The miners were _ their employers over pay. This question is still in/under dispute. (=being argued about) L53. adjust v. (1) to alter (sth.) slightly so that it will fit or be right for use 校正，调准，调整 *adjust sth. to e.g.You can adjust the color on the TV by turning this knob. Check and adjust the brakes regularly. The desks and seats can _ the height of any child. You cant see through a telescope unless it is adjusted correctly to your sight.(2) to change slightly in order to make suitable for a particular purpose or situation; to gradually become familiar with a new situation（使）适应 *adjust (oneself) to e.g. Have you adjusted (yourself) to the heat of Guangzhou? The former president still has difficulty in adjusting to civilian life.*adjustment n. a small change made to sth. 调整，调节；a change in the way a person behaves or things （思想、行为的）调整，适应e.g. Ive made a few minor adjustments to the plan. She went through a period of emotional adjustment after her marriage broke up. L61. tuck v. (1) to put sth. into a small space, esp. in order to protect, hide, carry or hold it 将某物藏到下面，把收藏到 e.g.He tucked the newspaper under his arm and walked on. Tuck that money into the top of your sock for safekeeping. He took the glasses off and tucked them in his pocket. 他把眼镜摘下塞在口袋里。 (2) to take the edge or end of (a garment, piece of material, etc.) and to put or push it into a desired or convenient position, usu. a narrow space 把的端部或边缘塞进，叠拢或卷起（使之看不见或固定） e.g.Tuck your shirt into your trousers. Tuck your trousers into your boots. She tucked an unruly lock of hair behind her ear. L67. insert v. to put sth. inside or into sth. else or between two things 插入，放进 e.g.His hand shook slightly as he inserted the key into the lock. Insert the correct coins, then select the drink you want and press the button. A nurse carefully inserted the needle into my left arm. Ive filled in the form, but you still need to insert (= add) your date of birth. (to add sth. to a piece of writing) 我已经把表格填了，但你还得填上你的生日。 L68. sigh (1) n. a slow deep breath with a sound expressing sadness, tiredness, or satisfaction 叹息声，叹气声 e.g. We all _ a sigh of relief when we heard that they were safe. She let out a sigh of impatience. (2) v. to let out a deep breath slowly and with a sound, usu. expressing sadness, tiredness, or satisfaction 叹息，叹气 e.g. She sighed with relief / despair. He sighed with despair at the thought of all the opportunities he had missed. Frankie stared out of the window and sighed deeply/heavily. Unit3 Words and Expressionsmanner get away appreciation pull out do/work wonders (for) compliment bet put off board bother apologize melt away a thing of the past value cherish count matter routine infectiousn manner n. (1) S a personal way of acting or behaving towards other people 态度，举止 e.g. She has a calm and relaxed manner. She was unusually soft and gentle in her manner when talking to him. (2) pl. (polite or generally accepted) social habits or ways of behaving 礼貌，规矩 e.g. Some people have no manners. Dad gave us a lecture about our table manners. Its bad manners to talk with your mouth full (=talk and e