高中虚拟语气知识点讲解(附高考练习题) 2.doc

2014高考英语语法专题虚拟语气一、什么是虚拟语气？语气：表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，主要用法有两种：一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等。二、虚拟语气的一般用法1、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中虚拟条件句 主句 与现在事实相反的假设If+S+ were/didS+ would/should/might/couldV与过去事实相反的假设If+S+ had +doneS+ would/should/might/couldhave done与将来事实相反的假设If+S+ were/did should do were to doS+ would/should/might/couldV1. 表示对现在的虚拟：If I were you, I would study hard.If we had time ,we would attend the meeting.2. 表示对过去的虚拟：If I hadnt been ill,I would have seen you.If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.3. 表示对将来的虚拟：If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.【高考链接】1. If we the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. (2010陕西卷)A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken2. If he my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. （2010湖南）A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow 3. I hope youre enjoying your stay here. If it _ for the climate, I would like it here very much. （2012河北高考预测）A. isnt B. hasnt been C. werent D. hadnt been2、省略if的虚拟语气虚拟条件句中的if在一些情况下可以省略，请看下面的例子：If it should happen, what would you do? Should it happen, what would you do?If he had recognized me, he would have come over. Had he recognized me, he would have come over.If I were in school again, I would work harder. Were I in school again, I would work harder. 小结：如果从句中含有_ _ _时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if，采用倒装语序。记忆小窍门：一马当先“还属我”【高考链接】1._ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. （2012吉林高考预测）A. Would B. Should C. Were D. Will3、混合/错综型虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为混合虚拟语气或错综虚拟语气，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.If I were you, I would have taken his advice.If you had told me the news yesterday,I wouldnt be so worried now.If I were you,I wouldnt have missed the concert last night.小结：混合虚拟表示，一半用过去的虚拟，一半用_的虚拟。【高考链接】1. Maybe if I _ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. （2011北京）A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying2. The weather has been very hot and dry. Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables _ . (2011北京）A. wouldnt die B. didnt die /gaokao/beijing C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died /gaokao/beijing3. How I want to have studied harder when I was in school. If you _, you wouldnt work into late every day nowadays. （2012安徽高考预测）A. did B. should C. had D. would4、含蓄虚拟条件句有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, with, but for, otherwise, or等。Without your help(=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.But for electricity(=If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry.He felt very tired yesterday, or/ otherwise he would have attended the party.【高考链接】1. But for the help of my English teacher, I the first prize in the English Writing Competition. (2009福建)A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won2. Without their help,we _ the program in time.（2012北京高考预测）ACan not finish Bwill not finish Chad not finished Dcould not have finished3. Where have you been? I got caught in traffic, otherwise I _ here earlier.（2012江苏高考预测）A. would be B. have been C. had been D. would have been5、半虚半不虚原则在有些句子中，并非整个句子都用虚拟语气，而是前半句表虚拟，后半句表事实，或者前半句表事实，后半句表虚拟，这类句子我们称之为“半虚半不虚”的虚拟语句。I would have attended the party yesterday,but I fell ill.I would lose weight,but I eat a lot now.You fell ill,or/otherwise you would have attended the party yesterday. He eats a lot,or/otherwise he would lose weight now.【高考链接】1、 Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. I _ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. （2011福建）A.attended B.had attended C.would attend D.would have attended2. Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he _ （2010安徽）A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy. D. will be busy 6、“情态动词should/ought to/could/may/might +have done”表示“过去本而事实上未”的虚拟语气，一般表示委婉的责备。You are late again.You could have come earlier.You have made a few mistakes.You might have been a little bit more careful.You should have told me earlier that you werent able to come.Its so near.We neednt have taken a taxi.【高考链接】1. I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me. （2011天津）A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come2.Catherine，I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks.You _ it.I could manage it myself. （2005福建）A.neednt do B.neednt have done C.mustnt do D.shouldnt have done二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法1. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 wish 后面所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为要是，但愿就好了），其形式主要有三种：表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish后接一般过去时的从句表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish后接过去完成时表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish后接would/could+动词原形I wish it were spring all year round.I wish it would be fine tomorrow.She wished she had stayed at home. 在表示建议，命令，要求等动词后的从句要用(should)+动词原形。此类动词有：一坚持insist 二命令order，command 三建议 suggest, advise, propose 四要求 demand, require，ask, request.The teacher ordered that all the books (should) be handed in on time.P.S. 当suggest表示暗示，说明之意；insist表示坚持认为，坚持说之意时，从句不用虚拟，用正常的陈述语气。The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with life.【高考链接】1. Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined. I wish they _ always late. （2011北京）A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been2. Teachers recommend parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. (2010福建)A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustnt allow D. couldnt allow3. I have gone through a hard time in the last few years. Really? I wish you _ me about it earlier. After all, we are friends. （2012辽宁高考预测）Atold Bhad told Cwould told Dtell2.主语从句中的虚拟语气这种虚拟语气主要用在it is+形容词+that+主语+should+动词原形（should可以省略）这种结构中。It was suggested that he（should）join the club activities.It is strange (surprising, disappointing) that she (should) not have been invited.It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer.3. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议，命令，要求的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用（should）+动词原形。常见名词有：advice, desire, request, demand, proposal, suggestion,requirement, order.He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospital entertained.His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.【高考链接】1.It is required that the students _ mobile phones in their school，so seldom _ them using one. （2012石家庄高考预测） A.not use;will you seeB.should not use;you will see C.dont use;will you see D.not use;you will see2.The suggestion has been made _ the basketball game _ put off. （2012福建高考预测） A.for;to B.that;be C.which;should be D.to;being3.It is a pity that he _ so stupid. （2012福建高考预测） A.were B.should be C.could be D.must be三、虚拟语气在其他情况中的使用1.在as if/ as though引导的状语从句中，若从句与事实相反，则要用虚拟语气。其形式如下：主语+as if/ though +主语+一般过去时（从句的动作与主句同时发生）主语+as if/ though +主语+would/could+动词原形（从句的动作相对主句来说在将来发生）主语+as if/ though +主语+过去完成时（从句的动作先发生于主句动作之前）He talks as if he knew all about it.She speaks English well as if she had studied in America.He learns English so hard as if he would go abroad.2.在it is (high) time that 句型中也用虚拟语气，从句常用过去式，有时也用should +动词原形，表示早该做而没做的事，含建议的意味。It is time that we went home.3.would rather后接动词原形，但接从句时要用虚拟语气（宁愿，但愿）。would rather +主语+一般过去时（表示与现在或将来相反）would rather +主语+过去完成时（表示与过去相反）Id rather he didnt go now.Id rather you hadnt done it.4. if only后接从句也用虚拟语气，其形式与wish的用法一致。【高考链接】1. Johnson, come and look at the sea! It is beautiful, isnt it? Absolutely! If only I _ here by the sea. （2012江苏高考预测）A. lived B. live C. had lived D. will live2.If only I _ a child now! （2012福建高考预测） A.was B.were C. am D.wold be3.If only I _ that silly thing! （2012福建高考预测） A hadnt done B.didnt C.wouldnt D.havent done4. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _ yesterday. (2006全国)A.was happening B.happens C.has happened D.happened5. Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_. (1995年全国) A.breaks B.hasbroken C.werebroken D.hadbeenbroken6.I would rather you _ abroad. （2012福建高考预测） A.go B.went C.gone D.will go7.Its time he _ to bed. （2012福建高考预测） A.go B.went C.will go D.goes验收台一、单项选择1. The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven. A. must finishB. would be finishedC. be finished D. must be finished 2. She made the demand that the journalists _ at once _ Iraq. A. leave; for B. leave; to C. left; to D. to be left; for 3. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A. had been B. has been C. was D. has gone 4. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be setD. had done; must be set 5. I suggested there _ be a kind of language all could understand and use _ . A. can; it B. /; / C. would; it D. may; / 6. The suggestion has been made _ the basketball game _ put off. A. for; to B. that; be C. which; should be D. to; being 7. The order came that the medical supplies _ to Beijing for the Sars soon. A. would be sent B. should sendC. be sent D. must be sent 8. It is important that we _ wild animals. A. will protect B. should protectC. shall protectD. are protecting 9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. A. are B. were C. would beD. would have been 10. _ any change about the date, please tell me immediately. A. Will there be B. Should there beC. There will be D. There should be 11. _ today, he _would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leaveD. If he leave 12. Should it rain, the crops _ . A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved 13. You _ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago. A. would B. should have C. may D. have 14. He treated me as though/as if _ his own son. A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were 15. I _ you some money, but I hadnt any on me then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent 16. A few minutes earlier and we _ the rain. A. have caught B. had caught C. could have caughtD. were to catch 17. - “Have you ever been to Beijing?” - “No, but I wish I _” A. have B. will C. do D. had 18. Im glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _ . A. I may have failed B. Id fail C. Id have failed D. Ill have failed 19. - “What will you do during the summer holiday?” - “I dont know, but its high time _ something.” A. Im deciding B. Ill decide C. I decided D. I decide 20. What should we do if it _ tomorrow? A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow 二、用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空1.If you _ (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you could have seen them off.2.Its time that we _ (go) to the railway station.3.If they_(not help) us ,our experiment would have failed.4.Youre five minutes late, I suggested that you_(come )earlier tomorrow.5.Mather often tells us that it is necessary that we _(drink) a glass of water after we get up.6.She insisted that she _(send) to work in the faraway small town.7._I not _(forget) his telephone number, I would have rung him.8.He is busy now. If he _ (be) free, he _ (go) with you.9.The manager was in his office then. If he _(be) here, everything _(settle) in a minute.10.Noisy as it was, he went on reading as if nothing _(happen). 2012-2013高考英语试题虚拟语气真题【2013北京】34.If we a table earlier, we couldnt be standing here in a queue.A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked【2013福建】30.-Do you think George has passed the driving test? -No. If so, he _ his car to our college yesterday.A. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven【2013江苏】30. I should not have laughed if I you were serious.A. thought B. would think C. had thought D. have thought【2013陕西】12. My mom suggests that we eat out for a change this weekend. A. should B. might C. could D. would【2013天津】14. If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he able to speak it much better now.A. will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been【2013浙江】8. Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six months old.A. was B. be C. were D. is【2013重庆】29.- It rained cats a