Maize论文：陕单606、陕单609的选育及稳定性分析.doc

Maize论文：陕单606、陕单609的选育及稳定性分析【中文摘要】针对西北地区干旱、土壤瘠薄的生态条件,以增强品种适应环境能力(耐密、耐旱、耐瘠薄、耐病,抗倒伏)和玉米高产高效为目标,开展玉米种质的扩增、改良和利用。2006年从北京市农科院玉米研究中心引进X群种质,在90000株/hm2的高密度下,以单株生产力和出籽率作为定向选择指标,通过不同密度(60000株/ hm2、90000株/hm2、120000株/hm2)的配合力分析筛选优异自交系,通过多环境的组合测试,鉴定评价优良组合,筛选高产、广适、抗逆的玉米新品种。1、通过2006-2007年2年4代的定向选择,筛选的玉米材料株高平均下降14.75%,穗位高平均下降15.32%,单株生产力提高5.76%,出籽率提高0.91%,雌雄开花间隔期(ASI)和空杆率变化幅度最大,平均减少34.38%和88.51%。主要选择性状定向提高,株高、穗位高、ASI和空杆率得到明显的优化。2、根据农艺性状、综合抗性,依据单株生产力和出籽率,筛选了L91114、L91162、L91227、L91242和L91266等10个S4代选系。通过3种鉴定密度(60000株/ hm2、90000株/hm2、120000株/ hm2)的配合力效应分析, 3种鉴定密度下10个选系GCA正效应比率均较高,分别为80%、90%和70%。通过GCA和特殊配合力(SCA)分析,筛选出L91114、L91162、L91227、L91242和L91266等5个在3种鉴定密度下GCA同时表现正效应的优异选系,L91162丹598、L91242丹598、L91227昌7-2、L91266昌7-2等9个在3种密度下SCA同时表现正效应的优异组合。3、2007年冬季海南测交鉴定和2008年7点联合鉴定结果分析表明,陕单606(L91162丹598)、陕单609(L91227昌7-2)玉米组合分别较对照增产10.7%和11.4%,表现良好的丰产性、稳定性和适应性,。4、以陕西省2009-2010年的玉米区域试验资料为基础,应用平均产量、增产百分数、变异系数和高温系数法等4种评价方法,对陕单606、陕单609的稳定性进行了分析。结果表明,陕单606在2年21个点次试验全部增产,平均亩产733.4公斤,比对照豫玉22(642.13公斤/亩)增产10.2%,产量变异系数24.6,高稳系数75.5%;陕单609在2年17个点次试验全部增产,平均亩产619.0公斤,比对照郑单958(642.13公斤/亩)增产6.39%,产量变异系数17.2,高稳系数估80.1%。4项指标参数明显优于对照。陕单606、陕单609具有丰产性突出、稳定性好,抗逆性强,适应范围广的特点。【英文摘要】For the Northwestern region drought, the soil infertile ecological condition, with the corn high production highly as the goal,the maize germplasm have been amplified,improved and utilized in orde to enhance the ability of vareity to adapt to the unfavorable environment,such as: high density, drought, poor soil resistance, disease resistance and so on.the highquality inbred lines were screened from the X population of the the maize Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2006, according the seed rate and productivity of the plant in the three desities (60000,90000and 1200000plant/hm-2) through multi-environment testing and identification.The maize results were summarized as following:1. The main character of the maize population were significantly optimized through 4 generations of directional selection in two years of 2006-2007, the plant height of the maize population average drops 14.75% ,and the ear position height fell by 15.32%; but plant productivity increase 5.76% and the seed rate enhancement 0.91%,while male and female flowering interval and the barreness rate were obvious with an average reduction of 34.38% and 88.51%.2. The inbred line L91114, L91162, L91227, L91242 and L91266 were screened in the fourth selection with productivity and plant seed rate, according to agronomic traits and comprehensive resistance;they were with higher general combining ability (GCA), the identification of a higher rate of positive effects of GCA were 80%, 90% and 70% in the three desities (60000,90000 and 1200000/ planthm-2). By general combining ability( GCA )and specific combining ability (SCA) analysis,the excellent line L91114, L91162, L91227, L91242 and L91266 were identified the positive effect on the performance of plant desity;while the outstanding combination were screened at the same time,there weret L91162Dan 598, L91242Dan 598, L91227Chang 7-2, L91266Chang 7-2 and so on.3. The test-crossing in Hainan in 2007 and the joint identification in 2008 results showed that Shaandan No. 606 (L91162Dan 598) and Shaandan No. 609 (L91227Chang 7-2) were combined with good performance of maize yield, stability and adaptability; 9.1-10.74% increase comparing with the control.4. The stability of the new maize hybrid Shaandan No. 606 and 609 were analyzed with average yield, yield percentage, coefficient of variation and high temperature coefficient evaluation methods, basing on the data of Shaanxi Province maize regional trials in 2009-2010. these results showed that the average yield of hybrid Shaandan No.606 were 11001.0kg/hm-2,and increase of 10.2% comparing with the control Yuyu 22 (9631.95 kg / hm-2 with the trial yield of the 21 points in 2 years,andyield coefficient of variation were 24.6,the high stability coefficient were75.5%. while Shaandan No.609 were 9285.0kg/hm-2,and increase of 6.39% comparing with the control Zhengdan 958 (9631.95 kg / hm-2 with the trial yield of the 17 points in 2 years,and yield coefficient of variation were 17.2,the high stability coefficient were 80.1%. All showed that the new maize hybrid Shaandan No. 606 and 609 have prominent with high yield, good stability, strong resistance to adapt to scope broad characteristic.【关键词】Maize Germplasm Combining ability Heterosis【英文关键词】Maize Germplasm Combining ability Heterosis【目录】陕单606、陕单609的选育及稳定性分析摘要4-5ABSTRACT5-6第一章 文献综述9-161.1 玉米的战略地位91.2 玉米育种的重要性9-101.3 我国玉米育种研究进展101.4 玉米育种研究的关键因素10-141.4.1 基础材料10-111.4.2 育种方法11-131.4.3 鉴定技术13-141.5 现代玉米产业商业化的发展对育种的新要求14-151.5.1 现代商业化育种对育种目标的要求14-151.5.2 现代商业化育种对育种技术的要求151.6 选题的目的和意义15-16第二章 X 群体筛选16-222.1 X 群体来源162.2 筛选过程16-182.2.1 X 群体的筛选技术路线16-172.2.2 X 群体的筛选过程17-182.2.3 X 群体的改良优化过程182.3 筛选效果分析18-222.3.1 农艺性状182.3.2 配合力分析18-202.3.3 杂交组合多环境测试筛选结果20-22第三章 新品种陕单606 和陕单609 的选育22-263.1 总体思路223.2 陕单606 的选育22-243.2.1 亲本来源及育种过程223.2.2 品种及亲本的主要特性22-243.3 陕单609 的选育24-263.3.1 亲本来源及育种过程243.3.2 品种及亲本的主要特性24-26第四章 陕单606、陕单609 稳产性分析26-324.1 资料来源264.1.1 陕单606264.1.2 陕单609264.1.3 分析方法264.2 陕单606 高产稳产性分析26-284.2.1 2009 年陕西省春玉