黑龙江省哈尔滨市高考英语 阅读理解、动词短语精讲讲练（2）.doc

哈尔滨市2014高考英语阅读理解、动词短语精讲讲练（2）及答案 jeanne calment, a french woman, became a record breaker on 17 october, 1995, when at the age of 120 years and 238 days, she became the longest-lived human being on record. a japanese man died in 1986 at the age of 120 years and 237 days. jeanne calment lives in a small old peoples home in the south of france; her husband, her only child and her grandson have all died. she is nearly blind and deaf and is always in a wheelchair, but her doctor describes her as being more like a 90-year-old woman in good health than someone of 120. she still has a lively sense of humor. when asked on her 120th birthday what she expected of the future, she replied: a very short one. she also remarked that she thought the good lord had forgotten all about her. so what is the key to a long life? according to some doctors, diet, exercise and no smoking are the three important factors. jeanne calment has followed two of the tips. she has always eaten a healthy diet, and she used to do exercise every day until she broke her leg at the age of 115. however, until recently she drank two glasses of strong red wine a day, and she does smoke (now only a little). besides, jeanne calment might have got very good genes from her parents. her father lived to the age of 94 and her mother to 86.a local lawyer bought her house when she was 80 under an agreement that he would pay her some money every year until her death. it must have seemed a good move at the time, but so far the lawyer has paid her at least three times the value of the house. every year on her birthday, jeanne calment sends him a card saying: sorry, im still alive!45. how does jeanne calment feel about her old age? a. she is miserable and unhappy. b. she is cheerful and humorous. c. she would like to live much younger. d. she feels she is going to die very soon. 46. we can owe her good health and long life to _. a. smoking only a little every day b. her giving up smoking and drinking c. drinking two glasses of strong red wine every day d. the good genes from her parents, a healthy diet and some exercise47. which of the following word could best replace the word “move” in the fourth paragraph? a. deal b. trick c. march d. sport48. why does jeanne calment say “sorry, im still alive” to the lawyer every year on her birthday? a. because she had an agreement at 80 with the lawyer which was to her advantage. b. because she has asked the lawyer to pay her more rent than they first agreed. c. because the lawyer has paid her much more money than the value of the house. d. because the house she sold to the lawyer is worth the money he has already paid. *结束动词和动词词组概述 动词和动词词组的考查是单项填空的重中之重，就2005年高考而言，各省、市试卷涉及动词与动词词组的考题大都占到69题之多。主要涉及的考点有：常见动词及动词近义词辨析；及物动词常被误为不及物动词；特定语境中常见动词的基本用法和辨析，如：develop发展冲洗；meet见面满足；cover覆盖涉及等；拼写形式不同而容易混淆的动词有：hang(hanged绞死，hung悬挂)；lay(laid, laid)放置；lie(lied, lied)说慌；lie(lay, lain)平卧等。其中，常见动词及动词近义词辨析是高考动词类的热点问题。热点1 几个常见的谓语动词常见动词及其搭配是动词类的热点，非常值得注意。以下归纳几个常见动词，其目的就是要让考生在平时的学习过程中学会不断积累和总结。1.关于make（1）make当“做、制造”解时，可跟双宾语，间接宾语用for 引导。如：hell make me a kite.=hell make a kite for me.他将给我制作一个风筝。（2）make通常与一些表示动作的名词连用。如： make a study/trip/promise/movement/statement/dive/request/change/fire/demand/speech/report/face/plan/success/living/differencemake an explanation/experiment/excuse/effect/apologyto sb make preparations/progress/roomfor sb make ones way/bread tea coffee/up ones mind/no answer(3)make作使役动词时,表示 “使做某事、使成为“，可跟复合结构，其中的宾补可以是：形容词：they are trying to make our country beautiful.他们在努力使我们的国家变得美丽。名词：i would make you king over the earth.我会使你灰飞烟灭地球之王。过去分词：what made him so frightened?什么使他如此害怕？省去to 的不定式：the boy made faces just to make the other students laugh.这个男孩做鬼脸只是为了使其他孩子发笑。注意：make在被动语态中一定要接带to的不定式。如：no one is ever made to be hero.没有天生的英雄。典例1the regulations were made_ children after the accidents.a. protect b. to protect c. protecting d. to be protected解析 b 在句中因为make用的是被动语态，故其后一定要接带to的不定式，作主语补足语。构成：make it +adj. +to do sth./that-clause使（做）某事成为。典例2the manager, _it clear to us that he didnt agree with us ,left the meeting room.(2005江西卷)a. who has made b. having madec. made d. making解析 b 关于make用法的考查。根据句子结构分析可以判断，主句为：the manager left the meeting room.,中间的部分为分词短语作状语，且动作发生在主句left动作之前，而又并非现在完成时，故排除a。现在分词的完成式先于主句的谓语动词而发生，故选b。（4）make作“制造、组成”时构成的词组，常使用被动语态。成品+be made of +原料（看得出原料）成品+be made from+原料（难看或看不出原料）原料+be made into+成品成品+be made by+执行者制造者成品+be made in+地点物体组织+be made up of +若干成份典例3 the old cottage can be_ temporary(临时的)houses.a. made into b. made of c. made by d. made in解析a 此句句意为：这栋旧别墅可以改装成临时住宅。被动词组be made into符合句意。（5）make构成的两个常用词组：make up(for)弥补，虚构，缝制，化妆，整理等。如：make up jokes编笑话；make up a poem/a story/a song编诗歌/故事/歌曲。再如：they hurried on to make up for lost time.他们加速进行以补回失去的时间。the boy made up a story; it was not true.男孩儿编了个故事，这故事不是真的。she made up her face to look prettier.她化了妆以便看上去更漂亮些。典例4everybody in the village likes jack because he is good at telling and _jokes.(2005江苏卷)a. turning up b. putting upc. making up d. showing up解析c 动词搭配与辨析。turn up 找到，发现，出现；put up 举起，抬起，进行；show up揭露，露出，露面。而make up jokes为“编笑话”，与句意吻合。make full/good/the best use of 充分利用。如：we must make the best use of the fine weather.我们必须充分利用这好天气。lets make use of this opportunity to practice our spoken english.让我们好好地利用这个机会来练习英语口语。2.关于consider（1）作“考虑”讲时，可跟名词/代词/从句或跟连接代词/副词+to do或跟动名词连用。如：have you considered how to get there?你考虑过如何去那里了吗？he considered going to see them in prison.他考虑去监狱探试他们。（2）作“认为，把当作”讲时，consider+宾语+宾补，作宾补的可以是名词/形容词/不定式（不定式完成式）。如：i consider him to be a fool.我把他当作一个傻子看待。（3）注意结构：consider it + n/ adj. + to do sth.i consider it necessary to study english.我认为学英语很有必要。（4）consider(as)表示“把（某人或某物）看作”。如：most people considered him as a hero.多数人把他看成一个英雄。典例5 many things_ impossible in the past are common today.a. considering b. to considerc. considered d. being considered解析c 动词consider的非谓语考查形式。剖析其结构：many things are common today.为主句。considered 是过去分词短语作定语修饰many things, impossible在被动语态中为主语补足语。适用于“consider+宾语+宾补”结构。故选c。3.关于keep（1）keep用作及物动词，表示“使继续处于某种状态”，其后的宾补可以是：现在分词 如：dont keep your mother waiting.别让你母亲再等。过去分词 如：his clothes seemed to be just pulled on to keep him covered.他的衣服像是刚刚拖起来披盖在自己身上的。副词 如：this helps to keep the cold out.这有助于御寒。介词短语 如：he kept them in the classroom after school.放学后，他让他们呆在教室里。形容词 如：the nurses keep her very clean.护士们将她整理得非常整法。(2)keep作系动词，意为“保持、继续处于某种状态”。如：keep silent/quiet/cool/fit(3)keep doing 与keep on doing表示“决心、毅力、顽强意志力和强调动作的反复”时，多用keep on doing 。如：dont give up hope, keep on trying.别放弃希望，要不断努力。表示持续状态常用keep doing 。如：weve kept hoping to go to college. 我们一直希望上大学。keep/keep on一般都不能与表示短暂性动作、心理状态或结果的动词连用。如：常不用keep(on)standing/sitting/beginning/leaving 。典例6keep _after meals, then youll be in good health.a. walking b. sleeping c. standing d. sitting解析 a keep doing的特殊用法。此种结构一般都不能与表示短暂性动作、心理状态或结果的动词连用。而sleeping ,standing, sitting都是表示短暂性动作的动词。故选a。（4）其它搭配keep back 阻止，落在后面keepout (of)使在外，不让入内keep away 不接近，避开keep from 阻止，抑制，避免于keep off 让开，不接近keep up 坚持，继续，保持，（斗争）不低落keep up with跟上，赶上，不落后于keep in touch with与保持联络典例7we read the newspaper every day to _the present affairs.a. keep up b. keep up withc. catch up with d. keep in touch with解析 b keep词组考查题。根据句意：我们每天读报是为了跟上当前形势。keep up 坚持；keep up with跟上，赶上；catch up with 赶上，逮捕；keep in touch with 与保持联络。只有b项与句意吻合。4.关于go（1）go的过去分词形式gone多用作表语，意为“（人）不在了、走了”，“（物）丢了、用完了”，如：the necklace was gone.这条项链丢了。liu mei is already gone.刘梅已经走了。比较：he is already gone.(强调无目的)he has gone.(强调有目的、方向)（2）go 有“说的”之意。常用于“the story goes据说；as the saying goes正如格言所说”。如：as the saying goes, “where there is a will, there is a way.”正如格言所说，“有志者，事竟成”。典例8as a chinese old saying_, “good fortune lies within bad, bad fortune lies within good.”a. goes b. say c. is said d. is written解析 a 与本词条中的含义吻合即用在谚语前表示“说的、叫做”。（3）go为终止性动词，不与表示时间段的状语连用。（见时态和语态专题）（4）go to常与go to attend意义相同，多与一些表示活动的名词连用。如：go to college/a meeting/an english party/a concert/a dance/a film/a lecture/a dinner等。（5）注意区别：go on doing sth.继续做同一个动作go on to do sth.做完一个接着干另一个go on with sth.同一事件中断后又接着做he went on speaking of his war experiences.他继续说着他的战争经历。比较he went on to speak of his war experiences.(=he began speaking of themafter he had finished speaking of something else.)他做完了别的之后，又继续说他的战争经历。they went on with their work at the empty loom until late into the night.他们在一张空织布机上不停地工作直至深夜。(6)其它搭配go to rest/sleep/bed休息/睡觉go out for a walk/ride/swim/bath/drive外出散步/骑车/游泳/洗澡/兜风go shopping/fishing/shooting/swimming/walking购物/钓鱼/射击/游泳/散步go about着手做，从事go ahead 前进，进行go all out for sth./to do sth.全力以赴go in for sth.从事于，酷爱，参加go over仔细检查，润色（文稿），复习go through经历，经受go up 上涨5.关于agree（1）agree 一般用作不及物动词，因此，其后不能直接带宾语。如其后跟从句，则可作及物动词。可跟不定式，但不跟不定式的复合结构。（2）区别： 表示“同意某人的看法”。常说：agree with sb./what sb says。表示“适合、合适”。如：agree with this climate doesnt agree with me.这里的气候不适合我。表示“一致、协调”。如：the verb must agree with its subject in person and number.动词必须与人称和数保持一致。agree to 表示“同意（某人的建议、安排、计划）”。常可说：agree to a plan/an arrange ment/a proposal/a decision.agree on /upon表示“对取得一致意见”。如：they both agreed on the plan,他们两个都同意这个方案。典例9 i dont _people smoking all day long.a. agree b. agree to c. agree on d. agree with解析 b 考查动词agree及词组辨析。agree为不及物动词，不带宾语；agree on/upon表示“对取得一致意见”；agree with表示“同意某人的看法”；agree to 表示“同意（某人的建议、安排、计划）”，符合句意。*结束 we need1your name，year of birth, home address citystatephone number，school name (and english teacher)and email address so we can email you if youre published for photo, place the information on the back of each envelope: please dont fold2this statement must be written on each work: “i promise the above work is completely original,” and sign your name send it all summer！ by mailteen ink box 30 newton, ma 02461 on the webteeni/submissionsby emailsubmissionsteeni the fine printtype print carefully in ink. keep a copywriting may be edited; we reserve the right to publish it without your permissionif due to the personal nature of a piece you dont want your name published, we will respect your request, but you must include your name and address for our recordsinclude a self-addressed envelope, and well send a coupon(优惠券)for any pepsi product and an announcement to let you know we got your workif published, you will receive a copy of teen ink, and a wooden penall works submitted will not be returned and all copyrights belong to teen ink. we keep the rights to publish all such works in any forms. all material in teen ink is copyrighted to protect us and prevent others from republishing your work49. all of the following must be submitted except a. phone number b. english teachers name c. school address d. time of birth50. we can conclude from the passage that teen ink is a a. magazine b. publishing house c. research center d. advertising company51. what can be learned from the passage?a. they must ask your permission before having your work publishedb. the copyrights will be shared by teen ink and pepsic. they only accept your written workd. the pepsi company sponsors teen ink52. what is the best title for the passage?a. join teen ink b. email us your workc. send us your work d. keep in touch with teen ink two hours from the tall buildings of manhattan and philadelphia live some of the worlds largest black bears. they are in northern pennsylvanias pocono mountains, a home they share with an abundance of other wildlife.the streams, lakes, meadows (草地), mountain ridges and forests that make the poconos an ideal place for black bears have also attracted more people to the region. open spaces are threatened by plans for housing estates and important habitats are endangered by highway construction. to protect the poconos natural beauty from irresponsible development, the nature conservancy (大自然保护协会) named the area one of americas “last great places”.operating out of a century-old schoolhouse in the village of long pond, pennsylvania, the conservancys bud cook is working with local people and business leaders to balance economic growth with environmental protection. by developing partnerships with people like francis altemose, the conservancy has been able to protect more than 14,000 acres of environmentally important land in the area.altemoses family has farmed in the pocono area for generations. two years ago francis worked with the conservancy to include his farm in a county farmland protection program. as a result, his familys land can be protected from development and the altemoses will be better able to provide a secure financial future for their 7-year-old grandson.cook owes the conservancys success in the poconos to having a local presence and a commitment to working with local residents.“the key to protecting these remarkable lands is connecting with the local community,” cook said. “the people who live there respect the land. they value quiet forests, clear streams and abundant wildlife. they are eager to help with conservation effort.for more information on how you can help the nature conservancy protect the poconos and the worlds other “last great places,” please call 1-888-564 6864 or visit us on the world wide web at .53.the purpose in naming the poconos as one of americas “last great places” is to _.a. gain support from the local community b. protect it from irresponsible developmentc. make it a better home for black bearsd. provide financial security for future generations（b）54.we learn from the passage that _.a. the population in the pocono area is growingb. wildlife in the pocono area is dying out rapidlyc. the security of the pocono residents is being threatenedd. farmlands in the pocono area are shrinking fast（a）55.what is important in protecting the poconos according to cook?a. the setting up of an environmental protection websiteb. support from organizations like the nature conservancyc. cooperation with the local residents and business leadersd. inclusion of farmlands in the regions protection program56.the passage most probably is _.a. an official document b. a news story c. an advertisement d. a research report every fall, like clockwork, linda krentz of beaverton, oregon, felt her brain go on strike. “i just couldnt get going in the morning,” she says. “id get depressed and gain 10 pounds every winter and lose them again in the spring.” then she read about seasonal affective disorder, a form of depression that occurs in fall and winter, and she saw the light literally. every morning now she turns on a specially constructed light box for half an hour and sits in front of it to trick her brain into thinking its still enjoying those long summer days. it seems to work.krentz is not alone. scientists estimate that 10 million americans suffer from seasonal depression and 25 million more develop milder versions. but theres never been definitive proof that treatment with very bright lights makes a difference. after all, its hard to do a double-blind test when the subjects can see for themselves whether or not the light is on. thats why nobody has ever separated the real effects of light therapy from placebo(安慰剂) effects.until now, in three separate studies published last month, researchers report not only that light therapy works better than a placebo but that treatment is usually more effective in the early morning than in the evening. in two of the groups, the placebo problem was resolved by telling patients they were comparing light boxes to a new anti-depressant device that gives off negatively charged ions(离子). the third used the timing of light therapy as the control.why does light therapy work? no one really knows. “our research suggests it has something to do with shifting the bodys internal clock,” says psychiatrist dr. lewey. the body is programmed to start the day with sunrise, he explains, and this gets later as the days get shorter. but why such subtle shifts make some people depressed and not others is a mystery.that hasnt stopped thousands of winter depressives from trying to heal themselves. light boxes for that purpose are available without a doctors presc