东华大学 服装英语What is Fashion.docx

东华大学 服装英语What is FashionWhat is Fashion? 什么是风尚Fashion时尚=流行/服装，时装（抽象）/时髦（流行周期长）#时尚/款式，图案/风格，风尚style Fashion, which is as old as time and as new as tomorrow, is one of the most powerful forces in our lives. It influences what we wear, the way we talk, the foods we eat, the way we live, how and where we travel, what we look at, and what we listen to. Fashion is what leads us to discard a product that is still useful but is no longer “in.”It is also what makes us sometimes wear more clothes than we may actually need, and sometimes less than is needed to protect us from the cold or the sun. 流行时尚，是日新月异的，是我们生活中最有影响力的事物之一。它影响我们穿的，吃的，说的，住的，如何行走，看什么，听什么。流行是这样一种事物，是我们抛弃了还可以使用，但不再时髦的产品。流行有时会让我们穿比实际要多的衣服，有时不足以阻挡寒冷和酷暑。 Fashion is a desport whom the wise ridiculeand obey. 流行是一个被智者愚弄并听从智者的暴君. Fashion wears out more apparel than the man. 流行使人磨损掉了更多的衣服. Fashion is always based on a specific style. 流行仅仅是特定时期的时髦样式 The element of social acceptance is the very essence of fashion. Acceptance，however, does not mean that a style is necessarily worn by everyone or even by a majority of the public. Acceptance can be and usually is limited to a particular group of people or to a particular location. For example, what New York men and women wear is often unacceptable in other parts of the United States that have markedly different climates or mores. Furthermore, what is popular among a particular age or occupational group may not be accepted by those of different age or occupations. 社会认可度是流行的重要因素。相信，无论如何，社会认可度并不意味着每个人或大众都必须穿着的。社会认可度通常是局限于特定人群或者特定区域。例如，纽约男人和女人的穿着通常无法被其他地区的美国人接受，那里明显地有不同的风格或者风俗。此外，流行是被特定年龄或者职业的群体被接受，那些不同年龄或者职业的群体不接受。 Fashion Trend 流行风向标 Fashions are not static; there is always movement, and that movement has a direction, discernible to careful observes. The directions in which fashions are moving are called fashion tends .For example, skirt lengths may be moving up from the calf to the knee-perhaps almost imperceptibly from on season to the next, but generally in an upward direction. Short jackets, as another example, may gradually be gaining at the expense of hip-length styles. mens ties may be getting wider or narrower ;womens shoes may be getting chunkier or more elegantly slim; the athletic workout look may be getting more or less popular in other leisure-time clothes; and so on. The change from season to season may be slight, but they generally have a direction. The ability to recognize that direction or trend is vital to fashion practitioners. Since these people must work far ahead of consumers buying periods, much of their success depends on their ability to read the signs and recognize promptly the incoming and outgoing trends in fashion. The terms“prophetic, ”avant-garde, and forward fashions are often used to describe styles that are gaining in acceptance. 流行是不稳定的，它是始终变化的，变化是有方向的，对于一些仔细的观察者来说是很容易看出来的。流行的趋势是移动的被认为是流行风向标。譬如，裙子长度从小腿上升到膝盖，从一个季节到下一个季节是不容易发现的，但是趋势是存在的。短夹克，可能是从长及臀部的服装演变的。男人的领带可能变得越来越宽或越来越窄；女人的鞋子可能变得越来越粗犷或越来越优雅；运动装风格在休闲装领域越来越盛行或被淘汰；等等。从一个季节到另一季节的变化可能是微乎其微的，但是他们的趋势是存在的。对于服装从业者来说具备流行的敏感度是非常重要的。自从这些人必须在消费者购买时期到来前就开始工作，他们的许多成功取决于他们对服装中的流行信息的准确识别和流行趋势的发布。“预言的”元素，先锋派,和激进派是经常惯于接受流行风格变化的。 Changes in Fashions Are Gradual 流行的变化是渐变的 Although fashions change constantly and new ones appear almost every season, a full-scale changeover is never completed at any on time。In studying the pattern of change in fashions, scholars have observed that changes in fashion are evolutionary in nature, rather than revolutionary。 虽然风尚不断地改变并每季都有新的出现,可是不会大范围的突变。学者在研究流行款式变化中，发现到流行中的变化是自然而然的，而不是突变的。 It is only in retrospect that fashion changes seem marked or sudden。 Actually, they come about as a result of a series of gradual shifts from one season to the next. For example, when womens skirts began inching up form midcalf in the 1960s, this gradual shortening was not particular noticeable at first。It was only when skirts moved thigh-high, in the form of minis and micro-minis, that people took notice of the approaching extreme。Similarly, when men begin to abandon ultra narrow ties and suit lapels in favor of more and more width, the changes are not noticed at first. Then, when wide ties and lapels begin to lose their appearance, People again mistake their belated recognition of these gradual shifts for a sudden change in fashion。 只有当追述过去的时候，流行的变迁才显得特别引人注目或突然。实际上，这些变迁的发生是从一个季节到另一季节的一系列逐渐变化的结果。譬如,女人的裙长开始逐渐上升至小腿中部是在1960年,这一渐变开始是不特别的值得注意的。只有当裙子变化到长及大腿时，演变成短裙或超短裙时，人们才发现靠近了事物的极端。相同地，当男人开始放弃超窄的领带和翻领，而去喜欢越来越宽的领带和翻领时，这种现象一开始是不被发现的。然而，当宽领带和翻领失去它的魅力时，逐渐出现窄的款式。 The Prediction of Fashion 流行预测 Analyzing and predicting which style will become the fashions for coming seasons has been called an occupational guessing game for the fashion industry, with millions of dollars at stake. Fiber, textile, and leather producers must work from one to two years ahead of consumers buying seasons；apparel and accessory designer/manufactures must prepare their lines from the nine months to a year ahead in order to show them to retail buyers，three to six mouths in advance of the consumers wearing season. Without accurate forecasts and projections of what looks, colors, fabrics, silhouettes, and design details are likely to be acceptable to customers, they would not be able to produce and sell the massive quantities of textiles and apparel that they do. 分析和预测哪种款式将成为下个季节的流行，曾被称为是冒着数百万美元风险的时装工业的职业竟猜游戏。纤维，织物，皮革的生产商必须在消费者购买前一至二年开始工作；服饰配件的设计师和制造商