列方程解应用题练习(附答案).doc

小学列方程解应用题二、列方程时的注意事项：要列出的方程必须满足下面三个条件：方程两边表示同类项；方程两边的同类量的单位一样；方程两边数值相等三、列方程的关键：要注意题目的关键词语，如“和、差、倍、增长、降低、多、少、是几倍、增加几倍“追及、相遇”等反映特殊的等量关系，才能正确地列出方程四、列方程解应用题的步骤：1.仔细了解题意。2.寻找题中给出的等量关系和隐含的等量关系.3.选设未知数，并用含这个未知数的代数式表示其他未知量(这种代数式叫做关系式).4.利用未曾用过的等量关系列方程.5.解方程.6.检验得数是否符合题意，然后做答.（1月26日）1、李师傅加工一批零件，4小时完成了总数的40%，比总数的一半少39个。这批零件一共有多少个？照这样的工作效率，剩下的零件还要加工多少小时？2、超市货架上有一批饼干，卖出3/5后，营业员又加进8包，这时货架上的饼干包数恰好比原来的80%少4包。货架上原有饼干多少包？3、果园里苹果树比梨树多40棵，已知梨树棵数是苹果树的4/5，两种树各有多少棵？4、一辆汽车从甲城开往乙城，每小时行48千米，3小时行的路程比全程的1/3多2千米，从甲城到乙城全程多少千米5、一辆公共汽车，载着旅客由始发站开出，中途一站下车的人数占原车上人数的2/3，后又有25人在此站上车，这时车上人数是原来的 3/4。这辆车上原有多少人？6、甲乙两个仓库共存粮95吨，现在从甲仓库运出存粮的3/5，从乙仓库运出存粮的40%，这时甲乙两仓库的存粮相同。甲乙两仓库原来存粮各是多少吨？Miss White is a primary school teacher. She teaches math. She is very responsible (负责) and she loves all the students. Usually she gets up at 6:20 in the morning. But this morning she gets up at 5:40, because she is on duty today. First, she gets ready for classes at home, and then she goes to school at 6:50. At 7:00, she comes back to school. Then she eats breakfast in the canteen. At 7:20, she stands at the gate (大门) of school and wait for her students to come back school.1. When does Miss White usually get up in the morning? 2. Why does Miss White get up so early this morning? 3. Where does she eat breakfast? 4. What does Miss White do? 5. Does she get ready for classes this morning? （1月27日）1、有一粮仓，第一天运走总数的2/5少33吨，第二天运进143吨，此时粮仓存粮比原来增加了15%，粮仓原来存粮多少吨？2、甲乙两个仓库存有若干大米，甲仓库存的大米占总数的60%，若从乙仓库运出1.2吨放入甲仓库，则乙仓库余下 的大米占总数的25%。甲乙两仓库共存大米多少吨？3甲乙两站相距255千米，一列客车从甲站开出，一列货车从乙站开出，2.5小时后相遇。客车每小时行48千米，货车每小时行多少千米？4、学校总务处买来的白色粉笔比彩色粉笔多72盒，用了一学期后，白色粉笔用去了7/9，彩色粉笔用去了3/5，余下的两种粉笔相等。求原来买的白色粉笔和彩色粉笔各多少盒？5、某地区有甲乙两个消防队共336人，抽调甲队人数的5/7和乙队人数的3/7组成188人的队伍，开赴火灾地区。甲乙两个消防队原来各有多少人？6、甲乙两捆铁丝原来的质量相差60千克，后来甲捆用去75%，乙捆用去60%，剩下一样重。两捆铁丝原来各重多少千克？判断正误，正确的用“”，错误的用“”表示。I like my village .There are many mountains near my village. There is a river in front of my village. The village is very beautiful in spring. The mountains come green. There are many trees and flowers. The flowers are colourful .There are many ducks in the clean river. Many fish swim happily in the river. But I like summer. Its not hot. Its very cool .Do you like my village? Welcome to my village.( ) 1. There are many houses on the mountain. ( ) 2. The summer is colorful.( ) 3. Its not hot in summer.( ) 4. There are many fish in the river.( ) 5. Many ducks are in river in spring.（1月28日）1、大小两筐苹果一共重90千克，从大筐中取出1/5，从小筐中取出1/4，取出来的苹果一共20千克。小筐原来有多少千克苹果？2、 一堆砖，运走它的3/5，剩下的比总块数的1/4多360快。这批砖共有多少块？3、 水果店有一批苹果，卖掉1/3后，又运进420千克，这时的苹果比原来多1/4。水果店原来有多少千克苹果？4、 某校男教师人数是女教师人数的4/5，比女教师少20人。这个学校有男女教师各几人？5、 看一本书，已经看的比总数的3/8少10页，正好还剩下总页数的3/4.这本书共有多少页？6、 修一条公路，第一天修了全长的2/7，第二天比第一天多修60米，这时还剩下180米没有修。这条公路全长多少米？相符的打“”，不相符的打“”。Hello! Im John. I am a policeman. I work at night. I drive my car and go to work at 9:00 in the evening every day. So I eat dinner at 8:00. I go home at 5:00 in the morning. I eat breakfast at 5:30 a.m. , then I go to bed. I get up at 1:30 in the afternoon. Usually I eat lunch at 2:00 and read some books at about 2:30. I like to play sports from 4:00 to 5:00. On the weekend, I usually go hiking with my family. ( ) 1. John is a policewoman. ( ) 2. John goes to work at 9:00 in the morning. ( ) 3. John goes home at 5:00 in the afternoon. ( ) 4. John reads some books in the evening every day. ( ) 5. John usually goes hiking with his family on the weekend.（1月29日）1、某服装厂生产一批衬衫，前5天生产600件，完成了任务的40%，。照这样计算，完成这项任务一共需要多少天？（多种解法）2、 甲有书的本数是乙有书的本数的3倍，甲、乙两人平均每人有82本书，求甲、乙两人各有书多少本。 3、一只两层书架，上层放的书是下层的3倍，如果把上层的书搬60本到下层，那么两层的书一样多，求上、下层原来各有书多少本 4、有甲、乙两缸金鱼，甲缸的金鱼条数是乙缸的一半，如从乙缸里取出9条金鱼放人甲缸，这样两缸鱼的条数相等，求甲缸原有金鱼多少条 5、汽车从甲地到乙地，去时每小时行60千米，比计划时间早到1小时；返回时，每小时行40千米，比计划时间迟到1小时求甲乙两地的距离 6、新河口小学的同学去种向日葵，五年级种的棵数比四年级种的3倍少10棵，五年级比四年级多种62棵，两个年级各种多少棵? （阅读短文，判断正“T” 、误“F”）Its Sunday today。 Its warm . The sky is blue.！ What a lovely day ! So my classmates and I have a picnic . We are having a good time ! Look ! Wu Li and Liu Ping are catching butterflies . The butterflies are very beautiful .Wang Lei is collecting leaves .Oh, where is Wang Ying ? She is in the woods .She is picking up leaves .She likes collecting leaves , too . What am I doing ? HaHa ! I am taking pictures for my classmates . The pictures are very beautiful . We are very happy! I like having a picnic .（）1. It s very cold today .（）2.Wang Ying is in the classroom （）3. Wang Tao and Liu Hua are playing chess （）4. Wu Lei is counting insects （）5. Wu Lei and Wang Ying like collecting leaves（1月30日）1、熊猫电视机厂生产一批电视机，如果每天生产40台，要比原计划多生产6天，如果每天生产60台，可以比原计划提前4天完成，求原计划生产时间和这批电视机的总台数 2、甲仓存粮32吨，乙仓存粮57吨，以后甲仓每天存人4吨，乙仓每天存人9吨几天后，乙仓存粮是甲仓的2倍? 3、一把直尺和一把小刀共19元，4把直尺和6把小刀共9元，每把直尺和每把小刀各多少元? 4、甲、乙两个粮仓存粮数相等，从甲仓运出130吨、从乙仓运出230吨后，甲粮仓剩粮是乙粮仓剩粮的3倍，原来每个粮仓各存粮多少吨? 5、师徒俩要加工同样多的零件，师傅每小时加工50个，比徒弟每小时多加工10个工作中师傅停工5小时，因此徒弟比师傅提前1小时完成任务求两人各加工多少个零件 6、买25千克苹果和2千克橘子共用去136元，已知每千克苹果比每千克橘子贵22元，这两种水果的单价各是每千克多少元? Hello, Im Mr Black. Im an actor(演员). I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening. Then I go to work. I go home at 8:00 in the morning. I eat breakfast at 8:20. Then I go to bed. I often get up at 12:00 at noon. I eat lunch at 12:30. I play sports at about 3:00 in the afternoon. I watch TV and read books at 6:00. This is my day. Its busy. But I like my day.( ) 1. I get up at 8:00 in the morning.( ) 2. I eat breakfast at 8:20 in the morning.( ) 3. I have lunch at 12:30 noon. ( ) 4. I go to bed at 9:00 in the evening. ( ) 5. I dont like my day. （1月31日）1、买4支钢笔和9支圆珠笔共付24元，已知买2支钢笔的钱可买3支圆珠笔，两种笔的价钱各是多少元? 2、一个两位数，个位上的数字是十位上数字的2倍，如果把十位上的数字与个位上的数字对调，那么得到的新两位数比原两位数大36求原两位数 3、一个两位数，十位上的数字比个位上的数字小1，十位上的数字与个位上的数字的和是这个两位数的02倍求这个两位数 4、有四只盒子，共装了45个小球如变动一下，第一盒减少2个；第二盒增加2个；第三盒增加一倍；第四盒减少一半，那么这四只盒子里的球就一样多了原来每只盒子中各有几个球? 5、25除以一个数的2倍，商是3余1，求这个数 6、甲、乙分别从相距18千米的A、B两地同时同向而行，乙在前甲在后当甲追上乙时行了15小时乙车每小时行48千米，求甲车速度 Today is Teachers Day. We dont go to school. Its sunny and cool. We are having a good time with Miss Wang in a nature park. She teaches us math. Shes strict and smart, we all like her. Look! Fang Fang and LingLing are singing and dancing. Bin Bin is picking flowers with Dong Dong. Ming Ming is watching a rabbit. Is the rabbit sleeping? Oh, no, its eating carrots. Miss Wang is cooking lunch for us. Im helping her. Im washing vegetables and fruit. How happy we are!1. Whats the date today? 2. Whos Miss Wang? 3. What are Fang Fang and Ling Ling doing? 4. Whats the rabbit doing? 5. Are they having a good time? （2月1日）1、甲、乙两车同时由A地到B地，甲车每小时行30千米，乙车每小时行45千米，甲车先出发2小时后乙车才出发，两车同时到达B地求A、B两地的距离 2、师徒俩加工同一种零件，徒弟每小时加工12个，工作了3小时后，师傅开始工作，6小时后，两人加工的零件同样多，师傅每小时加工多少个零件 3、有甲、乙两桶油，甲桶油再注入15升后，两桶油质量相等；如乙桶油再注人145升，则乙桶油的质量是甲桶油的3倍，求原来两桶油各有多少升 4、一个工程队由6个粗木工和1个细木工组成完成某项任务后，粗木工每人得200元，细木工每人工资比全队的平均工资多30元求细木工每人得多少元 5、用长120厘米的铁丝围成一个长方形，长是宽的1.5倍，求它的宽是多少厘米？6、一块梯形田的面积是90平方米，上底是7米，下底是11米，它的高是几米？Mike: Hello. This is Mike. Is that Wu Yifan?Wu: Yes, this is Wu Yifan. What are you doing, Mike?Mike: Im watching TV. What are you doing? And how is everybody doing? Wu: Just fine. Im doing the dishes. My father is writing an e-mail in the study. My mother is sweeping the floor. And my brother is playing chess with my sister.Mike: What do you do on the weekend? Wu: I visit grandparents and go shopping.Mike: Do you want to go to the nature park? Wu: Sure. What time?Mike: At 1:30. Wu: OK. See you later. Mike: Bye.( )1. Wu Yifan is watching TV and Mike is doing the dishes. ( ) 2. Wu Yifans father is writing an e-mail in the bedroom.( )3. Wu Yifan visits grandparents and goes shopping on the weekend.( )4. Wu Yifan wants to go to the Childrens Park at 1:30 with Mike.( )5. Wu Yifans brother is playing football.（2月2日）1、两袋大米共重104千克，甲袋重量是乙袋的3倍，两袋面粉各多少千克？2、一枝钢笔的价钱是一枝圆珠笔的4倍，李老师买了一枝钢笔和5枝圆珠笔，一共用了12.6元。钢笔和圆珠笔的单价各是多少元？3、小明买5本日记本比买1本故事书多用5.8元，已知一本故事书的价钱正好是一本日记本价钱的3倍。一本日记本的价钱是多少元？4一张长方形的铁板，从长边的中点到两个宽边的中点分别连一条线，沿这两条线剪下来两个角。求剩下图形的面积是多少？（7分）5一块铁板的形状如下图。在这块铁板的两面涂上油漆，涂油漆的面积是多少？（单位：分米）（8分）6、一间教室长9米，宽7.2米，如果用边长3分米的正方形地面砖铺地，一共需要多少块？My name is Amy. Im from Canada. I usually get up at 6:30, and I often go hiking on the weekend. I like spring best. Its windy and warm. And I like winter, too. Because my birthday is in December, and I can play with snow. Today my parents are going shopping. My brother is swinging in the garden. Im watching TV. Do you want to be my friend? My QQ is 408981124, and my telephone number is 6678115. 1. Amy often goes hiking_. A. on SundayB. in springC. on the weekend. 2. Which is Amys favourite season? 3. -Why does Amy like winter? 4. Is Amys brother going shopping? 5. Whats Amys telephone number? （2月3日）1两个完全一样的三角形都能拼成一个（ ）形。2一个平行四边形的面积是4.5平方米，底边上的高是1.5米，底长是（ ）米。3两个完全一样的直角梯形能拼成一个（ ）形，也能拼成一个（ ）形。4一个三角形的面积是2.5平方米，与它等底等高的平行四边形的面积是（ ）平方米。5一个直角三角形的两条直角边分别是3分米、4分米，这个三角形的面积是（ ）平方分米。6一个梯形的高是1.2米，上下底的和是3.6米，这个梯形的面积是（ ）平方米。7在下图形中，当a缩短成一个点，也就是a0时，这个图形就变成了（ ），公式S（ab）h2就变成了（ ）；当ab时，这个图形就变成了（ ），公式S（ab）h2就变成了（ ）。8一个平行四边形的面积是9平方分米，底扩大4倍，高不变，它的面积是（ ）平方分米。9一个等腰直角三角形，腰长16厘米，面积是（ ）平方厘米。10如图，平行四边形的面积24.8平方厘米，阴影部分的面积是（ ）平方厘米。Hi , Im Sandy . I am a nurse . Im active and pretty .Every day I go to work at 7:50 in the morning. Then I go home at about 5:00 in the afternoon. On Monday and Wednesday evening,I read books . On Thursday and Friday evening ,I have English class . Sometimes I watch TV .On the weekend, I often go shopping with my friend . On Sunday , I usually play sports . But not this Sunday . Because the weather report says its going to rain ! So, I will listen to music at home this Sunday. ( ) 1. Sandy is a _ . A. nurse B. doctor ( ) 2. What is she like ?A. She is beautiful . B. She is quiet and nice. ( ) 3. When does she have English class?AIn the evening B. In the morning ( ) 4. Does Sandy like to do sports ?A. Yes , she does . B. No , she doesnt ( ) 5. This Sunday ,Sandy is going to _ .A. read books . B. listen to music. （2月4日）三、选择符合要求的答案，把字母填在括号里。（每空2分，共14分） 1一个三角形的底扩大3倍，高不变，它的面积（ ）。A扩大3倍 B不变、 C扩大6倍 2用木条钉成一个长方形，沿对角线拉成一个平行四边形。这个平行四边形与原来的长方形相比：平行四边形的周长（ ），平行四边形的面积（ ）。A不变 B变大 C变小 3三角形的底和高都扩大2倍，它的面积扩大（ ）。A2倍 B4倍 C8倍4下面第（ ）组中的两个图形不能拼成平行四边形。 5下图中，甲、乙两个三角形的面积比较，（ ）。A甲比乙大 B甲比乙小 C甲乙面积相等 6一堆钢管，最上层4根，最下层10根，相邻两层均相差1根，这堆钢管共（ ） A35根 B42根 C49根Hello,I am Lina.I live in dongguan.Its a beautiful city.There are four seasons in my city.They are spring,summer,fall and winter.Its warm in spring.The trees are green.The flowers are beautiful.We can plant many flowers in spring.Summer is fun for me.Its very hot.I can swim in the river.But I like fall best.Its windy in fall.So we often fly kites .Sometimes I go hiking with my parents.It isnt very cold in winter in my city.So we can do sports in winter.I often play basketball with my friends in winter.I like my city very much.1. How many seasons are there in Linas city? 2. Whats Linas favourite season? 3. What can Lina do in summer? 4. Whats the weather like in fall in Dongguan? 5. Whats Dongguan like? （2月5日）五、计算下面各图形的面积。（12分）六、计算下面各图形的面积。（16分）It is fine today.The sun is shining.Mr.Smith and his family are walking in the park.Mr. Smith and his wife are looking at some flowers.Tom is watching the planes in the sky.Mary is walking beside his father and mother. She is looking at the boats on the lake.There are many people in the park.Some of them are swimming,some of them are boating,some children are playing games and some women are talking.1.Mr.Smith in the park. 2.Mr.Smiths wife is looking at .3. many people in the park. 4.Some children in the park.5.The people like to the park.（2月6日）一、填空（1）一个平行四边形，底边是5.7米，面积是26.22平方米，高是（ ）米。（2）一个三角形和一个平行四边形等底等高，如果平行四边形的面积是128平方米，那么三角形的面积是（ ） （3）一个梯形，上底是3.4厘米，下底是4.8厘米，高是2.7厘米，则这个梯形的面积是（ ） （4）一个平行四边形的底是2.4分米，高是底的一半，它的面积是（ ） （5）一个三角形的底是0.4米，是高的2倍，它的面积是（ ） （6）一个正方形的周长是16厘米，它的面积是（ ）平方厘米。（7）一个梯形的上底是4.5厘米，下底是5.2厘米，高是5厘米，它的面积是（ ）平方厘米。（8）一个面积是6.3平方米的梯形，上底是1.4米，高是1.2米，下底是（ ）米。( 9 )一个平行四边形的底是14厘米，高是9厘米，它的面积是（ ）；与它等底等高的三角形面积是（ ）( 10)工地上有一堆钢管，横截面是一个梯形，已知最上面一层有2根，最下面一层有12根，共堆了11层，这堆钢管共有（ ）根。( 11) 一个三角形比与它等底等高的平行四边的面积少30平方厘米，则这个三角形的面积是（ ）。(12 )一个三角形的面积是4.5平方分米，底是5分米，高是（ ）分米。(13)一个等边三角形的周长是18厘米，高是3.6厘米，它的面积是（ ）平方厘米。Its Sunday morning. There are some children in the park.They are having a good time.Some are playing games under a big tree.Some are singing and dancing .Some boys and girls are climbing the hill.Others are rowing on the lake.Look,Tom is sitting by the lake.He is reading .Helen is running after a nice butterfly.She wants to catch it.( )1.Who are in the park?A. Some students and teachers.B. Some childen.C. Many old men.( )2.What are they doing?A. They are jumping.B. They are climbing mountains.C. They are playing.( )3.Where is Tom?A. Hes sitting on the lake.B. Hes reading by the lake.C. Hes behind the lake.( )4.What does Helen want to do?A. She wants to catch a butterfly.B. She is running.C. She is reading.( )5.Are the boys and girls having a good time?A. Yes,they are.B. They are having a good time.C. Yes,they do.（2月7日）三、选择（1）把一个平行四边形割补成一个长方形后，面积不变，周长（ ）。 A扩大了 B缩小了 C不变 （3）面积是56平方分米的平行四边形，底是14分米，高是（ ）。 A4分米 B2分米 C8分米( 4 )两个完全一样的锐角三角形，可以拼成一个 ( ). A长方形 B正方形C平行四边形 D梯形（5）一个平行四边形，底边不变，高扩大3倍，它的面积（ ） A扩大3倍 B扩大9倍 C缩小3倍（6）设为一个三角形的面积是63平方分米，高是7分米，它的底是（ ）A4.5 B18 C9（7）把一个平行四边形任意分割成两个梯形，这两个梯形中（ ）总是相等的。 A高 B面积 C上下两底的和（8）一个三角形，底不变，高扩大5倍，它的面积（ ）。A扩大5倍 B扩大25倍 C缩小25倍（9）两个（ ）的梯形可以拼成一个平行四边形。A面积相等 B周长相等 C等腰梯形 D完全相同 ( 10 )等边三角形一定是 _ 三角形.( ) A锐角； B直角； C钝角Today is October 15th.Its Amys birthday. She has a birthday party at home. Her friends are at her home.They are standing around the table. Theres a big cake on the table.Fourteen candles are on the cake.They are singing the song “Happy Birthday to you”to Amy.Amy gets many presents today.She is going to have a big dinner in the evening,too.Shes very happy. ( )1.Amys birthday is on Oct.5th.( )2.Amy is fourteen years old.( )3.Theres a big cake on the desk.( )4.Amy gets many birthday cards on her birthday.( )5.Amy has many friends.（2月8日）四、（1）计算下面图形阴影部分的面积。（单位：厘米） 3.如图：已知三角形的面积是60平方厘米，求梯形面积。（阴影部分）（单位：厘米） Hello,Im John.I am a student.I usually get up at 6:00 in the morning.Then I do morning exercises. I read English at 6:30 every morning. I eat breakfast at 7:00.I go to school at 7:15.I have lunch at school.I go home at 4:30 in the afternoon. I eat dinner at 6: