阅读讲解-部分.doc

阅读讲义-章刚第一部分：分项讲解1主句位于句首（金字塔型）4 There are also other factors than material conditions, which are responsible for the sharp increase of crime rate. In the first place, some states provide for a death penalty, but some not. Secondly, the constitution guarantees the right of every citizen to carry weapon for his own protection, thus legalizing the transaction of firearms. Finally, entertainment featuring killers on TV screen has been believed as the chief culprit of modern crimes.主题：犯罪率上升的其他因素1死刑2枪支3娱乐导向 2主题句位于句中（过渡型）4 Housekeeping department as a whole is required to make the guests stay comfortable and pleasing. Any reasonable request must be fulfilled. But good service means more than fulfilling requests. Whenever and wherever possible, the staff should offer to do extra things for the guests. Whats more, whenever there is an opportunity to “sell”, the staff should take it and suggest that guests use the hotel services as much as possible. And they should make sure that they are really selling what the guests want. 3主题句位于句尾（总结型）4 Today the T-shirt can be seen everywhere and on everyone. Women and little children wear T-shirts as do teenagers, university students, and men from all walks of life. T-shirts can also be worn for work. Yet T-shirts remain relatively inexpensive and longwearing, as well as easy to care for. Smart but comfortable and convenient to wear, they have become Americas newest ideas on fashion. 4主题句隐含在段落内容中4 Advertisements give recent information about products. If there were no advertising, people couldnt know about goods in shops. Advertising helps to make a bigger market. Therefore as more goods are sold, they are cheaper. Advertising also offers money for newspapers, magazines, radios and TV stations. = Advertisements are useful. The rise of multinational corporations(跨国公司), global marketing, new communications technologies and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR. Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an American invention, the U. S. leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. /Ten years ago, for example, the worlds top five public relations agencies were American-owned. In 199l, only one was. The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative. A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate (公司的) planning activities, compared to about one-third of U.S. companies. It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR. Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincia1 and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts (相对应的人) in knowing a second languages. Less than 5 percent of Burson-Marshalls U.S. employees know two languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same, percentage. Conversely, some European firms have half or more of their employees fluent in a second language. Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs. In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal. Overseas, their counterpart read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, publications not often read in this country.主题：落后原因目光狭隘外语差国际事务不敏感 Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN (Cable News Network). Turner recently announced that the word foreign would no longer be used on CNN new broadcast. According to Turner, global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such thing as foreign.27. London could soon replace New York as the center of PR because _.- A)British companies place more importance on PR than U. S. companies- B)four of the worlds top public relations agencies are British-owned- C)British companies are heavily involved in planning actives- D)British companies are more ambitious than U. S. companies29. We learn from the third paragraph that employees in the American PR industry _.- A)enjoy reading a great variety of English business publications - B)are not as sophisticated as their European counterparts- C)speak at least one foreign language fluently - D)are ignorant about world geography Reading （分项训练）如何抓住中心思想1 识别最具概括力的信息。2 恰当概括全文，面不能太窄，也不能太宽3 快读全文。例1 Choose the most general word A. anger B. sorrow C. emotion D. fearA. increase B. affect C. reduce D. darken 例2 Chose the most general sentence.A. The hotel offers complimentary（free）coffee from 7 to 10 a.m. daily.B. There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorietta Bay InnC. The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board.D. There are a number of extra services at the Glorietta Bay Inn including baby-sitting.例3 Choose the best title There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to, certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted ,the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then the price rises. Of course, manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices.A. Economic Principles.B. Law of Supply and DemandC. More Goods, Lower PricesD. Fewer Goods, Higher Prices例4Read the paragraph and choose the best title In earlier days, those who had overseas business which they believed should be discussed personally, took a ship and set out across the deep sea. Once abroad, they transacted(办理) their affairs, engaging in commercial and social matters or conducting governmental business. Today ships and passengers continue to sail the seven seas, and airplanes soar overhead. But above them all, words spread through the sky-telephone conversations which quickly bring together, in the most personal fashion, people who are separated by thousands of miles.1. Choose the best topic.A. Early Travel AbroadB. Overseas Talk Yesterday and TodayC. The Importance of Person-to-Person ConversationsD. The Telephone Today2. Choose the best central thought.A. Overseas telephone service today is ruling out (取消) all need for overseas travel.B. Nothing can take the place of person-to-person conversation in settling business, social and governmental problems.C. Many conversions, which once required overseas travel, can now be conducted by telephone.D. Even with modern overseas telephone service, people continue to travel abroad by ship or by plane. 二、 判断和推理1 依据事实，合乎逻辑2 注意infer, suggest一旦出现在题中，答案不能是文中已明确表示的内容。3 合理预测例1 Chose the best completion for the sentence While dozens of popular authors claim to be experts on the subject of terrorismA. they were not experts on other subjects.B. none had studied it in a systematic and objective way.C. there were many other such authors.D. some of the authors were not really popular.例2 Choose the sentence that can be inferred from item.（可多选） Apart from the obvious fact that rioters tend to come from the less well-off sections of the community, there is no evidence that economic circumstances have any causal relationship with street violence.A. Not all the people in the community referred to are poor.B. There is no evidence that economic circumstances result from street violence.C. All rioters come from the poor section of the community. By voting against mass transportation, voters have chosen to continue on a road to ruin. Our interstate highways, those much praised golden avenues built to get suburban travelers in and out of down-town have turned into the worlds most expensive parking lots. That expense is not only economic, it is social. These highways have created great walls separating neighborhood, disrupting the complex social connections that help make a city livable.A. Interstate highways have created social problems.B. Highways create complex social connections.C. The author supports the idea of mass transportation.D. The author agrees with a recent vote by the citizens.第二部分：分项练习一. 结构强化A. 金字塔型1. (a)In fact, when we say all of us must be educated to fit us for life, it means that all must be educated: first of all, to realize that everyone can do whatever job is suited to his brain and ability；secondly, to understand that all jobs are necessary to society and that it is bad to be ashamed of ones own work or to look down upon mare elses; thirdly, to master all the necessary know how to do ones job well. Only such education can be called valuable to society.(b)Robert Hookers work in science was varied and important through the 1700s in England. In the first place, he served as the head of the Royal Society. He urged new tests and experiments to advance knowledge. He he1ped provide a means by which people could discuss their ideas with others who shared their concerns. He was also a well-known architect whose advice about the design of buildings was welcome.(c)Successful language learners are independent learners. They do not depend on the book or the teacher; they discover their own way to learn the language. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions. When they guess wrong, they guess again. They try to learn from their mistakes.2.There are two important consequences of this earlier drop in cycling in the USA. One is that many people do not know how to cycle. That is, cyclists often behave more like pedestrians than motorists: they ride on the sidewalk or on the wrong side of the road; they do not care for stop signs or traffic lights; they ride without lights at night; they give no hand signals. The other consequence is that cycling is regarded by many people not so much as a way of getting from one place to another but as a way of life, a form of exercise, etc. As a result, large number of young Americans have ten-speed racing bikes. These are very high and fast and great if you are cycling long distances, riding up mountains or racing. At first, though, you may find them awkward for cycling in town, sight-seeing or shoppingthey are expensive ,uncomfortable and hard to control until you get used to them, and unsuitable for rough stony roads.Question: Young Americans prefer racing bikes because they .Acan help keep fit Bare easy to learnCare safer to ride Dare expensive and popular3.The conditions under which axial scientists must work would drive a physical scientist mad. Here are five of those conditions. He can make few experiments; he can not measure the results accurately; he can not control the conditions surrounding the experiments; he is often expected to get quick results with slow acting economic forces; and he must work with people, not with nonliving objects.Question: The five conditions under which a social scientist must work are characterized by_.A) precision and efficiencyB) variability and vaguenessC) accuracy and explicitnessD) objectivity and exactness4.There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to, certain good. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those good is much greater than the supply, than the price rises. Of course, manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices.Question: what is the best title that best expresses the ideas of the passage?A. Economic PrinciplesB. Law of Supply and DemandC. More Goods, Lower PricesD. Fewer Goods, Higher PricesB. 过渡型 (a)How do you learn English, or French, Russian, German or any other languages? Most people go to classes regularly, or study at home with a book. But the problem for adult learners is that they are busy people who find it hard to come to classes at a fixed time. They miss a few classes and then decide that they have fallen too far behind the other students. Eventually they drop out of the class altogether.2.The 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence (AI) predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our housework. But as useful as computers are, theyre nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.Question: The author says that the powerful computers of today _.A) are capable of reliably recognizing the shape of an object B) are close to exhibiting humanlike behavior C) are not very different in their performance from those of the 50s D) still cannot communicate with people in a human languageC. 总结型1.Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.2.Sugar history in the Hawaiian Islands is filled with pioneering. In sailing ship days, Hawaiian sugar growers were many months from sources of supplies and from markets. This isolation built up among the Hawaiian growers an enduring spirit of cooperation. Growers shared with one another improvements in production. Without government aid of any sort, they built great irrigation projects. Without government help, they set up their own research and experiment organization. Pioneering together over the years, they have provided Hawaii with its largest industry.Question: what is the best title for the passage?A. In sailing days, Hawaiian sugar growers were many months away from supplies and markets.B. Hawaiian sugar growers