（寒假总动员）高二英语寒假作业 专题15 语言知识回顾（十五）（学）.doc

（寒假总动员）2015年高三英语寒假作业 专题15 语言知识回顾（十五）（学）学一学 重点短语、句型复习1focus on集中于each exercise focuses on a different grammar point.每个练习各有不同的语法重点。focus.on.把集中于focus ones attention on把注意力集中于o focus 调准的焦距，使(事物)明确in/out of focus 焦点对准/没对准recently people focus their attention on the situation of syria.近来人们把注意力集中在了叙利亚局势上。2rather than而不是rather than意为“而不是，而非”，在句中连接并列成分，并列成分可以是名词、代词、动词、介词短语、动名词或不定式，但要注意以下两点：(1)连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语与rather than前的成分在人称和数上保持一致。(2)连接并列的不定式时，其后的不定式可省略to，但rather than 位于句首时to必须去掉。i think ill have a cold drink rather than coffee.我想要冷饮，不要咖啡。he decided to quit rather than accept the new rules.他决定退出而不是接受新规则。helen, rather than jane and john, _responsible for the loss.损失的责任应该由海伦而不是简和约翰来承担。would dorather than do. would rather dothan do宁愿做而不愿做prefer to do rather than do.i would rather stay at home than go to the cinema on sundays. 周日我宁愿待在家里，也不愿去看电影。3rid.of.使免除；使摆脱he wanted to rid himself of the burden of the secret.他想把秘密说出来，让自己得到解脱。further measures will be taken to rid our streets of crime. 将 采取进一步的措施来防止街头犯罪。be rid of摆脱get rid of 摆脱；丢弃；扔掉i was glad to be rid of the car when i finally sold it.把车卖掉时，我很庆幸终于脱手了。its time we got rid of all these old toys.该是我们把这些旧玩具全部扔掉的时候了。4for example, no_matter_what the circumstances, when the phone rings, everything stops so that the call can be answered.例如，无论在什么情况下，当电话铃声响起时，为了接电话，一切都得停下来。句中no matter what引导让步状语从句，no matter“无论；不管”，后接what/who/which/where/when/how等。(1)no matterwhat/who/which/where/when/how也可替换成what / who/which/where/when/however的形式。(2)“no matter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，而whatever， whichever， whoever等可引导状语从句和名词性从句。no matter what you do, you must do it well.whatever you do, you must do it well.无论你做什么，一定要做好。whoever wants to visit the museum, he must ask our teacher for permission.(此句中whoever可改为no matter who)whoever wants to visit the museum must ask our teacher for permission.(此句中whoever引导主语从句，不可用no matter who替换)无论谁想去参观博物馆，都需经我们老师同意。its generally considered unwise to give children whatever they want.人们普遍认为，孩子们要什么就给什么是不明智的。5. when asked later what the call was about, your friend always answers, oh, nothing really.当后来问起那个电话的内容时，你朋友总是回答：“哦，其实也没什么事。”when asked .是状语从句的省略结构，其完整形式应为“when he/she is asked .”。状语从句的省略结构的用法归纳：省略成分：从句主语+be适用的从句：时间，条件，让步状语从句省略条件：主从句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，且从句谓语是含有be动词的某种形式。when (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the violin.她很小的时候，就开始学习拉小提琴了。hell go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is) possible.如果有可能的话，他会去海边度假。6if the call was really about nothing， then why was it so important as_to interrupt your conversation and waste your precious time?如果(打)电话真是没什么事，那么为什么它如此重要以至于打断你们的谈话并浪费你们宝贵的时间呢？句中含有“soadj./adv.as to do sth.”结构，该结构表示结果，否定形式用“soadj./adv.as not to do sth.”。“soadj./adv.as to do sth.”可与句型“soadj./adv.that .”进行转换。(1)so as to do“以便做某事，表示目的”，so as 可省略，相当于in order to do。其位置一般在