高考英语二轮完形填空考点解析5.doc

二轮专题复习完形填空（说明文）说明文完形填空一般都比较短。它是用言简意赅的文字，按照一定的方法介绍事物、解释事理的文章。凡是介绍事物类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系、功用、发展，以及解释事物运动、变化、产生、消亡过程、原理、规律的文章，均属说明文。说明文一般有三类：1.实体事例说明文。包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等（.实体事物是指国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品）。2.事理说明文。包括理论性解释、文书简介、教材等（事理是指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等）。3.文艺性说明文。即把说明对象拟人化，进而编成故事，对其进行介绍。一、命题研究 说明型完形填空选材难度一般低于试卷中的阅读理解题。在设空与选项设计方面充分体现了语言知识运用题的要求：以实词为主，名动形副等词类占全部小题数的90，绝大多数小题都要从全文角度进行判断。这一命题思路体现了“语篇意识”。说明型填空一般用言简意赅的文字，按照一定的方法介绍事物，解释事理。最显著的特点是：1开头点题 做说明型完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是什么，是具体实物还是理论性概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近年的说明型填空中，作者一般在首句直接提出说明的对象。2结构清晰 把握语篇特征对理解文章与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时间顺序(指先后顺序)、空间顺序(从局部到整体，从上到下，从内到外)、逻辑顺序(前因后果，先果后因先主后次)、认识顺序(由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质)。二、技巧点拨1通过短文抓主旨一般情况下，完形填空短文都不给标题，不容易把握文章的主题和大意。但短文首句通常不设空格，这就为我们窥视文章全貌提供了一个窗口，而尾句往往是文章的总结，结论和点睛之笔，所以抓住开篇启示作用的首句和总结概括性的尾句是必要的。2精读短文析文章 应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服“思维定势”，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则，逐项填空，要吃透文章，理解到位，应作到以下几点： 第一点：从上下文的角度考虑，注意其内在的联系点。 第二点：从词汇意义及用法、惯用方式和搭配角度去考虑，准确判断。 第三点：从逻辑推理、常识等角度，挖掘文章的寓意及隐含的意义。 第四点：从英汉两种语言的差异角度去考虑，避免错误。 3复读全文再检查 在做完一篇完形填空后，文章完整了，应从头到尾读一遍，根据复读的语感和对整篇的理解，再次将较明显的错误改正，个别需要推敲的再做调整，尽可能少出错。三.说明文类高考真题解析 真题再现四.说明文类完形填空模拟训练（1）the voice of america began during the world war. when germany was broadcasting a radio program to get international 1 , american officials believed they should 2 the german broadcast with words that they thought were the facts of world events. the first voa news report began with words in 3 . “the 4 may be good or bad, but we shall tell you the truth.” within a week, other voa 5 were broadcasting in italian, french and english.after the world warended in 1945, some americans felt voas 6 had to be changed, 7 the soviet union became enemy of america. they wanted to 8 soviet listeners. then voa began broadcasting in russian.in the early years voa began adding something new to its broadcast that was 9 “ music usa”. another new idea came along in 1959. voa knew that many listeners did not know 10 english to completely understand its 11 english broadcast. so voa 12 a simpler kind of english, 13 uses about 1,500 words and is spoken 14 of course, it is special english.in the 15 of most voa listeners, the most 16 program is the news report. news from around the world 17 into the voa news rooms in washington 24 hours a day. it comes from voa reporters in 18 cities and also from other 19 like bbc. voa writers and editors use these materials to 20 news reports, which are being broadcast in 43 languages.1. a. business b. culture c. support d. information2. a. reply b. answer c. join d. interrupt3. a. same b. short c. english d. german4. a. news b. problems c. effects d. opinions5. a. stations b. news c. announcers d. officials6. a. home b. position c. purpose d. results7. a. if b. supposing c. considering d. in order that8. a. reach b. satisfy c. attack d. support9. a. known b. reported c. called d. printed10. a. american b. british c. standard d. enough11. a. normal b. fast c. good d. exact12. a. invented b. discovered c. taught d. stopped13. a. it b. who c. which d. that14. a. slowly b. rapidly c. normally d. loudly15. a. pleasure b. course c. opinion d. advice16. a. difficult b. important c. various d. common17. a. flies b. sends c. delivers d. pasts18. a. all b. major c. american d. news19. a. broadcasts b. forms c. newspapers d. countries20. a. broadcast b. announce c. translate d. prepare（2）making friends is a skill. like most skills, it improves with _1_. if you want to make friends, you must be able to take _2_. you must first go _3_ there are people. you wont make friends staying home alone.join a club or a group, for talking with those who _4_ the same things as you do is easier. _5_ join someone in some activity.many people are _6_ when talking to people. _7_ meeting strangers means facing the unknown. and its human _8_ to feel a bit uncomfortable about the unknown.most of our fears about dealing with new people come from _9_ about ourselves. we _10_ other people are judging us, find us too tall or too short, too thin or too fat. _11_ dont forget that they must be feeling the same way. try to accept yourself _12_ you are, and try to put the other person at ease. in this way youll feel _13_.try to be self-confident even if you dont feel that way _14_ you enter a room full of _15_ such as a big hall, walk straight in, look _16_ at other people and smile. if you see someone youd like to say something to, dont wait for the other person to _17_ a conversation.just meeting someone _18_ doesnt mean that you will make friends with that person-friendship is _19_ on mutual liking and giving and taking. it takes _20_ and effort to develop. and there are things that keep a new friendship from growing.1. a. practice b. money c. girls d. everything2. a. photos b. actions c. trouble d. place3. a. where b. that c. which d. when4. a. have b. like c. own d. share 5. a. so b. or c. however d. but6. a. nervous b. happy c. valuable d. familiar7. a. above all b. after all c. at all d. in all 8. a. nature b. advantage c. happiness d. friend9. a. mistakes b. beliefs c. wonders d. doubts 10. a. suggest b. regret c. forget d. imagine11. a. and b. therefore c. but d. so12. a. as b. whoc. when d. what13. a. dangerous b. hopeless c. nervous d. comfortable14. a. when b. while c. that d. why15. a. strangers b. relatives c. classmates d. teachers16. a. anxiously b. angrily c. curiously d. directly17. a. start b. finish c. end d. delay18. a. tall b. new c. familiar d. tired19. a. made b. laid c. taken d. based20. a. hope b. people c. time d. talk（3）rupert murdoch, the australian-born american media owner was voted best of british by the sunday express in london last week.he is the most famous 1 owner in the world and 2 newspapers and tv channels across the world. 3 now he has been called the greatest 4 in britain by one of his biggest rivals(竞争对手).the paper, which competes for 5 with murdochs own papers, called him “the man who made modern britain” and it 6 murdoch for his willingness to take risks. 7 said he had brought a “revolution”(革命) to television and newspaper production.rupert murdoch was born in melbourne, 8 ,in 1931.today he is better 9 as the owner of news corporation ltd., a media group that owns many different 10 of media: television, films, books, and the internet. 11 becoming the success he is today, murdoch studied at oxford university in britain. he returned to australia in 1916,when he 12 the adelaide news from his father. his life since then can be seen as a series of international jumps in which hes 13 more and more newspapers and tv stations.in the 1960s,it was the mirror in sydney and the sun in london; in the 1970s,he bought the new york post; in the 1980s,he took on hollywood when he bought 20th century fox and fox tv. at this time he also bought the times and the sunday times in london. and most 14 in the 1990s,he bought star television in asia.his company has also formed a joint-venture(合资的) television company with the chinese government, phoenix satellite television holdings ltd(凤凰卫视控股有限公司).it 15 six channelsxingkongweishi, channel v, star movies, national geographic, star sports and espnto millions of chinese 16 .one 17 how murdoch could have found the time for love and relationships since he owns such a big business. in 1967,he married anna troy, whom he met 18 she was a reporter on the sydney daily mirror. the couple got 19 in 1998.the next year, he married chinese-born wendy deng. deng, murdochs third wife, is 37 years younger than murdoch and used to work 20 star tv in hong kong. the 71-year-old murdoch is now father of five children after deng gave birth to a baby daughter last year.1.a.mediab.tv c. radiod.newspaper2.a.edits b. buys c. controlsd.updates3.a.howeverb. until c. andd.since5.a.readersb. media c. headlinesd.journalists6.a.electedb. debated c. praised d.matched7.a.heb. it c. everyoned.who8.a.englandb. america c. australiad.china9.a.knownb. received c. reflectedd.informed10.a.waysb. areas c. formsd.fields11.a.untilb. after c. sinced.before12.a.took outb took up c. took overd.took in13.a.createdb. sold c. publishedd.bought14.a.recentlyb.immediately c. newlyd.yearly15.a.facedb. related c.demonstratedd.introduced16.a.readersb. listeners c.viewersd.media17.a.boresb. concerns c.knowsd.wonders18.a.whileb. because c.tilld.once19.a.marriedb. separated c.disappointedd.tolerated20.a.onb. among c.for d.within (4)people do not analyze every problem they meet. sometimes they try to remember a solution, from the last time they had a 1 problem. they often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. other times they begin to act without 2 , they try to find a solution by trial or error. 3 , when all of these methods 4 , the person with a problem has to start analyzing. there are six 5 in analyzing a problem. 6 the person must recognize that these is a problem. for example, sams bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does. sam must 7 that there is a problem with the bicycle.next, the person must find the problem. before sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work. for example, he must 8 the parts that are wrong.now the person must look for 9 that will make the problem clearer and lead to 10 solutions. for example, suppose sam decides that his bicycle does not work because there is something wrong with the brakes. 11 , he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about brakes, talk to his friends at the bike shop, or look at his brakes carefully.after 12 the problem, the person should have 13 suggestions for a possible solution. take sam as an example 14 , his suggestions might be: tighten or loosen the brakes; buy new brakes and change old ones.in the end, one 15 seems to be the solution to the problem. sometimes the 16 idea comes quite 17 because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a different way. sam, for example, suddenly sees there is a piece of chewing gum (口香糖) stuck to a brake. he 18 hits on the solution to his problem: he must 19 the brake.finally the solution is 20 . sam does it and finds his bicycle works perfectly. in short he has solved the problem.1. a. serious b. usual c. similar d. common2. a. besides b. instead c. otherwise d. however4. a. fail b. work c. change d. develop5. a. ways b. conditions c. stages d. orders6. a. first b. usually c. in general d. most importantly7. a. explain b. prove c. show d. see8. a. checkable b. determine c. correct d. recover9. a. answers b. skills c. explanation d. information10. a. possible b. exact c. real d. special11. a. in other words b. once in a while c. first of all d. at this time12. a. discussing b. settling down c. comparing with d. studying13. a. extra b. enough c. several d. countless14. a. secondly b. again c. also d. alone15. a. suggestion b. conclusionc. decision d. discovery16. a. next b. clear c. final d. new17. a. unexpectedly b. late c. clearly d. often18. a. fortunately b. easily c. clearly d. immediately19. a. clean b. separate c. loosend. remove20. a. recorded b. completed c. tested d. accepted (5)as christmas is coming, there are presents to be bought, cards to be sent, and rooms to be cleaned. parents are _1_ with difficult jobs of hiding presents from curious young children. if the gifts are large, this is sometimes a real _2_. on christmas eve, young children find the excitement almost unbearable. they are torn between the wish to go to bed early so that father christmas will bring their presents quickly and the wish to _3_ up late so that they will not _4_ the fun. the wish for gifts usually proves stronger. but though children go to bed early, they often lie _5_ for a long time, hoping to get a short _6_ at father christmas.last christmas, my wife and i _7_ hid a few large presents in the storeroom. i _8_ the moment when my son, jimmy, would _9_ me where that new bike had come from, but _10_ he did not see it. on christmas eve, _11_ took the children hours to go to sleep. it must have been nearly _12_ when my wife and i went quietly into their room and began _13_ stockings. then i pushed in the _14_ i bought for jimmy and left it beside the christmas tree. we knew we would not get much sleep that night, for the children were _15_ to get up early. at about five oclock the next morning, we were _16_ by loud sounds coming from the childrens room they were shouting excitedly! _17_ i had time to get out of bed, young jimmy came riding into the room on his new bike, and his sister, mary, followed close behind pushing her new baby carriage. _18_ the baby arrived. he moved _19_ the hands and knees into the room dragging a large balloon behind him. suddenly it burst. that woke us up _20_. the day had really begun with a band(巨响) !1. a. faced b. met c. filled d. pleased2. a. question b. matter c. problem d. business3. a. get b. stay c. stand d. wake4. a. lose b. break c. miss d. leave5. a. awake b. wake c. asleep d. sleep6. a. look b. stare c. glare d. watch7. a. hopefully b. busily c. gladly d. successfully8. a. liked b. feared c. surprised d. hated9. a. answer b. tell c. ask d. search10. a. sadly b. unluckily c. possibly d. fortunately11. a. it b. they c. i d. we12. a. morning b. midnight c. evening d. daybreak13. a. filling b. sewing c. mending d. preparing14. a. present b. stocking c. bike d. tree15. a. going b. sure c. glad d. excited16. a. troubled b. frightened c. woken d. shocked17. a. before b. after c. until d. since18. a. even b. and c. soon d. then19. a. with b. on c. over d. by20. a. all b. nearly c. happily d. completely (6)we know the kiss as a form of expressing affection（情感，喜爱）. but long 1 it became it, it was customary in many countries to use it as a(n) 2 of respect. some native africans 3 the ground over which a chief（首领）has walked. kissing the hand and foot has been a mark of respect from the 4 times.the early romans kissed the mouth or eyes 5 a form of dignified(高贵的) greeting. one roman emperor allowed his important nobles to kiss his lips, but the 6 important ones had to kiss his hands, and the 7 important ones were 8 allowed to kiss his feet!most likely the kiss as a form of affection can be traced back to primitive（上古的，原始的） times when a mother 9 fondle(爱抚) her child, just as a mother 10 today. it only remained for society to 11 this as a custom for expressing affection between arms.we have evidence(根据) that this was already the 12 by the time of the sixth century, but we can only suppose it was 13 long before that. the first 14 where the kiss became accepted in courtship(求婚) was in france. from france the kiss spread rapidly all over europe. russia, which loved to 15 the customs of france, soon adopted it. a kiss from the tsar(沙皇) became 16 of the highest forms of recognition from the crown.in time, the kiss became a part of courtship. 17 marriage customs developed, the kiss became a part of the 18 ceremony (典礼，仪式）. today we regard it as an expression of love and tenderness. 19 there are still many places in the world where the kiss is 20 of formal ceremonies and is intended to show respect.1. a. after b. before c. until d. since2. a. custom b. tradition c. expression d. affection3. a. watch b. touch c. kiss d. greet4. a. earliest b. latest c. longest d. eldest5. a. of b. as c. for d. in6. a. not b. little c. less d. least7. a. last b. less c. most d. least8. a. too b. also c. only d. ever9. a. would b. could c. should d. will10. a. would b. has c. doing d. does11. a. express b. allow c. kiss d. accept12.