八上第二单元单词讲解.doc

八年级上册第二单元单词解析1head/hed/n. 头；头脑；才智：The cap is right on your head.帽子就在你头上。2nose/nuz/n. 鼻子：hit a man on the nose打在一个人的鼻子上3eye/ai/n. 眼睛：The other students in the class keep their eyes closed.班上的其他同学把眼睛闭上。【考点】keep an eye on照看：Please keep an eye on the baby. 请照看一下婴儿。with ones own eyes 亲眼：I saw it with my own eyes.我亲眼看见的。4ear/i，(r)/n. 耳朵：go in at one ear and out at the other一只耳朵进一只耳朵出5mouth/mau/n. 口，嘴：Dont talk with your mouth full.不要嘴里塞满食物时说话。【记忆法】注意与mouse/maus/（老鼠）在读音上的区别。【考点】mouths读作/mauIz/；have a foul mouth说脏话。【引申】mouth organ口琴；mouth to mouth口对口的；mouthwash嗽口水；mouthwateringadj. 令人垂涎的；mouthful n. 一口（的量）：eat a few mouthful of food吃几口食物。6tooth/tu:/n. 牙，牙齿：a bad tooth 蛀牙；a false tooth假牙【考点】复数形式：teeth。【引申】toothpick n. 牙签；toothpaste n. 牙膏。7neck/nek/n. 颈，脖子【引申】necklace项链；a round neck 圆领；a sweater with a V-neck V字领的毛衣；necktie领带。8stomach/stmk/n. 胃，肚子【考点】stomach的复数只加s，因为ch的发音为k，lie on ones stomach趴在地上。【引申】近义词：belly, abdomen。9back/bk/adv. 向后，在后n. 背，背部【考点】back and forth前后来回：He walked back and forth in the room.他在屋子里来回走动。put back推迟：The meeting has been put back to March 20th. 会议推迟到三月二十日。【引申】background背景；backwards向后，落后的。10leg/leg/n. 腿；腿部：His left leg is broken. 他左腿骨折。【引申】thigh大腿；calf小腿；shin胫；ankle足踝；instep脚背。11arm/:m/ n. 手臂，胳膊【考点】词组take sb. /sth. in ones arm 抱：She takes the little baby in her arms.她抱起这个小婴儿。【引申】近义词：limb。armchair扶手椅；The Armada（西班牙的）无敌舰队（1588年被英国海军击溃）；arm in arm（with sb.）与（某人）手挽手；arm的复数形式arms表示武器装备：arms race军备竞赛。12foot/fut/ n. （pl. feet /fi:t/）足、脚，英尺12 inches（十二英寸）【考点】on foot徒步，步行：The last bus has gone, I have to go home on foot. 末班车已经开了，我只有步行回家。【引申】foothold立足处；footrace竞走；footmark足迹。13hand/hnd/ n. 手，（钟表等的）指针 v. 交给，传递，帮助【记忆法】同and, band等词联系记忆。【考点】at hand在手边：I always keep a dictionary at hand. 我经常把字典放在手边。by hand用手，靠人工：Her sweater is knitted by hand.她的毛衣是手工编织的。hand in hand手牵手，携手：They walked hand in hand. 他们手牵手散步。on the one hand，on the other hand 一方面，另一方面。hand down 把传下去：The scroll has been handed down in my family. 这幅卷轴是我们家代代相传的。hand in交上，递交：Hand in your paper.交出你的考卷。hand out分发。hand over交出，移交（职位，任务等）。【引申】wrist /rist/手腕；arm/:m/手臂；handcuffs/hndkfs/手铐；hand organ/hnd:n/手风琴；handshake/hndek/握手。14tired/taid/ adj. 劳累的【考点】be tired of 对厌烦：Im tired of eggs.我吃腻了鸡蛋。15hungry/hri/adj. 饥饿的：The boy had a hungry look.那男孩显出饥饿的样子。【记忆法】名词hunger和后缀y构成其形容词形式。【考点】be hungry for渴望：The orphan child is hungry for love. 这孤儿渴望得到关爱。【引申】近义词：eager, greediness; 反义词：full。16thirsty/:sti/adj. 口渴的：Im thirsty.我口渴了。【引申】饿了：hungry。17cold/kuld/adj. 冷的，寒冷的：It is a cold winter.这是一个寒冷的冬天。n. 感冒：It is easy to catch a cold in winter.冬天容易患感冒。【记忆法】cold和old联系起来记忆，年纪大的人容易生病，由old联想到cold。【考点】catch a cold着凉，伤风；have a cold伤风；be cold to sb. 对某人冷淡。【引申】近义词：(adj. ) chill, cool, icy；反义词：(adj. )warm, hot。18headache/hedeik/n. 头痛【记忆法】head+ache, ache意为“疼痛”，则headache为“头痛”。同类词有：earache，toothache。【考点】have a headache头痛。19matter/mt/n. 事情，问题：Whats the matter?出什么事了？v. 要紧，有关系：Does it matter?这有关系吗？It doesnt matter.没关系。【记忆法】双写“t”。20fever/fi:v/v. 发热，发烧：She hasnt much fever.她发烧不太厉害。【考点】have a fever发烧：He has a high fever.他发高烧。【引申】同义词：heat, temperature。 feverish adj. 发烧的；fevered adj. 发烧的，激动的；fever heat高烧。21lie/lai/v. （lay, lain）卧，躺：Dont lie in bed all morning! 不要整个早上都躺在床上！平放【考点】lie back向后倚靠：He lay back in the armchair.他背往后靠坐在扶手椅上。lie down躺下：He lay down utterly exhausted.他精疲力竭地躺下。lie in在于：The trouble lies in the engine.问题出在引掣上。lie on依靠，全凭：My fortune lies on the result.我的命运全靠那项结果来决定。22illness/ilnis/n. 不健康，疾病【记忆法】形容词ill和后缀ness构成ill的名词形式。【考点】辨析illness和disease: illness为最普通的用语，泛指得了某种疾病后身体不适的状态：He was absent because of illness. disease是各种疾病的术语，常表示特定、具体的病名、病类：heart disease心脏病。recover from ones illness病愈。【引申】同义词：attack, disease, sickness。23advice/dvais/n. 劝告，意见【考点】take (follow) ones advice接受某人的意见（劝告）；by sbs advice按某人的劝告；give advice on就提出劝告：give some advice on how to improve our study; give advice to sb.给某人提建议。【引申】同义词：counsel, suggestion。24traditional/trdnl/adj. 传统的；按照传统的25important/imp:tnt/ adj. 重要的，严重的，重大的：important decision重大的决定【记忆法】important。【考点】it is important (for sb.) to do (sth.)：（对某人而言）做是重要的：It is most important for him to lie quietly for some time.对他而言最重要的是静躺一段时间。【引申】同义词：influential, meaningful, valuable；反义词：insignificant, unimportant。26balanced/blnst/adj. 平衡的；协调的27diet/dait/ n. 饮食；节食28improve/impru:v/v. 改善，改进：This is not good enough, I want to improve it.这还不够好，我要加以改进。【记忆法】improve。【考点】improve on/upon改良，改进：Your complexion is wonderful, dont try to improve upon nature.你的肤色很好，不要企图改良天生的肤色。improve in在方面有改进：She is improving in health.她健康状况有所改善。【引申】同义词：advance, help, reform；反义词：decline, worsen。 improvement n. 增进、改善。词语辨析1a lot of与lots ofa lot of和lots of属形容词性词组，两者之间没有多大区别。它们既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词，且通常用于肯定句，在非正式文体，如会话中，尤其如此。如：Music festivals give a lot of fun to lots of people. 音乐节给众人带来了许多欢乐。Theres still lots of snow in the street.街上仍有许多积雪。注意：若将这两个词组后的介词of去掉，那么它们就会变为副词性词组，在句子中充当状语，表示程度。如：He is a lot/lots fatter.他发福多了。2wish与hope这两个词都表示“希望”，但含义和用法不同。（1） wish除上述用法外，还可后接虚拟语气的名词从句，用以表示难以实现或不可能实现的愿望，有时也可用以表示对人的祝贺（注意：wish后不能接动名词）。如：I wish I were as strong as you.我真希望我像你一样健壮。We wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciation. 我们过去要是对发音注意得更多一些就好了。I wish the rain would stop! 雨要是停了有多好！I wish you success.祝你成功。（2） hope希望。用于有可能实现的场合。hope后可接不定式、名词从句，但不能接动名词、名词或宾语后再加不定式。如：误：I hope you success.正：I hope that you will succeed.我希望你成功。（接名词从句）误：He hoped getting the first prize.正：He hoped to get the first prize.他希望得一等奖。（接不定式）wish常和虚拟语气连用，hope则不能。3have与there behave与there be都可以作“有”解。（1） have用来表示各种关系的“所有”，身上“具有（说明人物的外观）”和整体与局部的“含有”。如：I have a good friend.我有一位好朋友。Mary has big eyes.玛丽长着大大的眼睛。Has the book a red cover?这本书的封面是红色的吗？（2） there be表示存在的关系，表示某处有某人或某物时常用这种句型。如：There are two bikes under the tree.树下有两辆自行车。There are forty students in our class.我们班有四十名学生。（3）当表示整体与局部的“含有”时或者难以判断“有”是所属关系还是存在关系时，have和there be均可使用。如：A year has twelve months.（或There are twelve months in a year.）一年有十二个月。注意：在there be结构中，如果主语不止一个，谓语动词往往和与之最近的主语在数上保持一致。如：There is a pen, two pencils and four books on the desk.桌子上有一支钢笔，两支铅笔和四本书。There are two maps and a picture on the wall.墙上有两张地图和一幅画。4need do与need to do（1） need作情态动词，通常用于疑问句、否定句、条件句、whether (if)名词从句或含否定意义的句子中。如：I do not see why we need discuss it further.我看我们没有必要讨论下去了。Thats all settled. It neednt be talked about.那已全部解决了，没有必要再说了。He asked me whether he need attend the meeting.他问我他是否有必要出席这次会议。（2） need又是实义动词，各种变化