初中英语主系表结构梳理.doc

主系表结构1 状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be 一词 （1）Mr. Brown is an engineer. (名词做表语)（2）The machine is out of order. (介词短语做表语) （3）The television was on.(副词做表语) （4）His plan is to keep the affair secret.(动词不定式做表语) （5）My job is repairing cars.(动名词做表语) （6）The question is what you want to do.(从句做表语，即：表语从句) 2 持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度（1） The door remained closed.(过去分词做表语,remain意为“仍然”处于某种状态) The teacher asked the twelfth of us to remain after school.(vi 留下；剩下)（2）The shop stays open till seven oclock.(stay 意为“保持某种状态”) I stayed at a hotel in New York.（stay 是不及物动词，留下，逗留，暂住）（3）The book lies open on the table.The snow lies thick on the ground.(“表示所处状态”) I am lying on the bed. India lies to the south of China.(躺；位于)（4）How do things stand at the moment? Stand still! (情况如何，处于某种状态) Stand up, please!（5）With the wind its so difficult to keep warm.(如：keep warm, keep safe, keep silent, keep dry)We are going to keep the house in Beijing and rent it out. (保留)3 表象系动词 用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有： (1) Anna does not seem sure. It seems that someone left the building unlocked last night. (2) Lucy appears upset. Lily appears calm. (3) How do I look in this dress? You look like one million dollars. You look as if you have not slept all night.4 感官系动词（1） Your hands feel cold(“摸起来有某种感觉”)The doctor feels my belly( 触摸)（2）Your story sounds interesting(“听起来”) He sounds the bell loudly(敲响)（3）The milk tastes sour.(“吃或喝起来.”)taste some of this cake.(“尝”) （4）That soup smells delicious.(smell good, nice, spicy) We must clean the bird cage it is starting to smell.5 变化系动词 表示主语变成什么样子（1）Fish soon goes bad in hot weather. He has gone blind. go 意为“变为”多跟形容词，变化通常是由好变坏。短语搭配：go wrong, go bad, go mad, go hungry, go dead and go against.（2）The sky turns pink.(天空一片红霞) He turned writer two years ago. turn 意为“变为”，多和颜色相搭配。在名词做表语时，不定冠词要省略。(3) They are getting richer and richer. become 与 get 作为变化系动词，可以由好变坏，也可以由坏变好。(4) My dream has come true. Wrong never comes right. The handle has come loose.门把手(意为“成为”)(5) The baby falls asleep.He often falls ill.(“进入某种状态”)Leaves fall down from the trees.(vi 落下)（6）She grows impatient with his constant excuses.(grow old, hot, worse)It is too cold for rice to grow in the northeast of China.6 终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作（1）His story proves false.(“后来事实表明是”)He proved a very useful friend.He has proved his courage in battle.(证明)（2）Hopefully tomorrow will turn out fine. It turned out that she did not get the job in the end.turn out 意为“结果是，最后情况是”表语从句连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how. whoever，whomever，whichever ，whatever等。如：He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.His suggestion is that we should stay calm.The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.注意：A表语从句一定要用陈述语序。 False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel. Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. B不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）。 引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether 位于介词后要用whether 位于句首时要用whether 引导表语从句，时要用whether False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us. Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us. Right: It looked as if he had understood this question. C不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。 Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow. Right: The question is why he cried yesterday. Dthat在表语从句中不可以省掉。上海考题：10年：36. Is this a photo of your daughter? She looks _ in the pink dress!A. lovely B. quietly C. politely D. happily 09年：38. The home-made ice-cream in this restaurant tastes _. Would you like some? A. softly B. greatly C. nice D. well08年：41. George was frightened to see a snake in the grass. His face turned _A. pale. B. dean. C. sadly. D. happily.07年：41. Mr Smith said to Billy, “Your idea sounds _.” A) clearly B) fluently C) good D) loud06年：42. The lake looks _ in the moonlight. I often take a walk around it.A) wonderfullyB) famousC) beautifulD) well05年：The cheese cake tasted so_ that the kids asked for more.A. delicious B. well C. bad D. badly 03年： Coffee is ready. How nice it_! Would you like some?A. looks B. smells C. sounds D. feels 其它省市考题：1. Have you ever heard the song TAKE ME TO YOUR HEART? Yes,it_ terrific. All of us like it very much.A. smells B. sounds C. looks D. tastes (2007宁波)2. Carl felt_ because he won the first prize in the school singing competition.A. interested B. proud C. angry D. worried 3. Dinner is ready. Help yourself!Wow！It_ delicious. Could you please tell me how to cook it?A. tastes B. looks C. sounds D. feels 4. The food on the plate smells_. You cant eat it.A. delicious B. badly C. well D. bad 5. You look so_.Yes, Ive got a birthday present.A. sad B. worried C. tired D. happy (2006温州)6. What about this green coat, Madam? It_ nice. Ill take it.A. tastes B. smells C. sounds D. looks (2005舟山)7. The meat has been kept in the bag for several day without being frozen. It smells _ now.A. worse B. worst C. bad D. badly (2006潍坊)8. You look_. Whats wrong?My son hurt his leg this morning.A. happy B. fine C. surprised D.worried 9. Do you like the music the Moonlight Sonata ? Yes, it_ really beautiful. (2004宁波)A. feels B. sounds C. listens D. hears 00(A)The universeis everything out in space. _1_ knows how big the universe is. When we talk _2_ the universe, we mean the earth, the sun, the moon and the stars.Now let me tell you something about our earth. The earth is a huge ball. It turns round and round in space. _3_ surface (表面) is covered by water and land. If you are in a space plane and look _4_ at the earth from up in space, you will see lots of clouds over the surface of the earth. Through the clouds you will see the blue color of the oceans and seas. Almost two-thirds of the earth is covered with water.We lived on the outside _5_ of the earth. Around and above us is the air. The earth takes twenty-four hours to turn all the way roundthat is one day and one night. When your country is facing (朝向) the sun, it is daytime for you. But as the earth turns you away from the sun, everything around you grows _6_ .Can you tell me something more about the earth or the universe?1. A) ManB) NobodyC) HumansD) Anybody2. A) toB) withC) aboutD) in3. A) ItsB) ItsC) It hasD) The earth4. A) upB) overC) offD) down5. A) partB) pointC) poleD) top6. A) clearerB) brighterC) warmerD) darker(B)Mike, a boy of sixteen, says he loves his father, yet he cannot remember his fathers age or w_1_ his birthday is, and only knows what he does for a living. The father and son live in the same flat but they only have dinner t_2_ once or twi