高考英语最后抢分冲刺 题型专练 省略和倒装(1).doc

省略和倒装考点归纳省略考点一、状语从句中的省略(1) 当主句主语与从句主语相同(或从句主语为it)，并且从句谓语中含be动词，常将从句主语和be动词省略，构成省略形式。(2) as / than引导比较状语从句时，从句通常使用省略形式。如：he earns less than his wife (does). 【考例】 when _ for his views about his teaching job, philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. (2012安徽)a. asking b. asked c. having asked d. to be asked解析：b。when引导的状语从句，补全后为when he was asked for his views about his teaching job。考点二、动词不定式的省略(1)在主动语态中，感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时将不定式符号to省略。【考例】 the director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting. a. picked up b. picks up c. pick up d. picking up解析： c。句 中had是使役动词，所以其后的动词不定式省略to。(2) 在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，可以只保留不定式符号to。【考例】 the driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police _. (2013课标1)a. not to do b. not to c. not do d. do not解析：b。 “在路边停车”这一动作前面已经提到，所以后面应省略以使句子简洁。 句子补全为： but was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside. 拓展 句式would have done sth, should have done sth, ought to have done sth, neednt have done sth, used to be.等省略形式为 would have, should have, ought to have, neednt have, used to be。要保留不定式后的have或be。如：are you a sailor?no, but i used to be (a sailor). 考点三、使用替代词so / not英语中常用so / not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容，多跟在im afraid / i hope / i think / i guess / i believe / i expect / i suppose等开头的答语中，条件状语从句中也有类似的用法。 如： if so / if not句中。【考例1】everybody is going to climb the mountain. can i go too, mom?_ wait till you are old enough, dear. (2010全国i)a. will you? b. why not? c. i hope so. d. im afraid not.解析： d。根据语境可知，本空用否定回答。补全后为： im afraid you cant go. 【提示】很多动词(如：think, believe, expect, suppose等)的两种否定形式的基本含义是相同的。如： i dont think so. = i think not. i dont expect so. = i expect not. 但是， hope是不能否定转移的动词，具有类似用法的还有guess。【考例2】the boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?_. a. i guess not so b. i dont guess c. i dont guess so d. i guess not 解析：d。i guess not 中的not 并不是否定动词guess的，而是一个替代词，它替代的是整个宾语从句： (that) the boys are not doing a good job at all. 因此， i guess not不应译作“我不这么猜想”，而应译作“我想是的”或“我看他们干得不好”。考点四、情景交际中的省略在情景对话中，常常省略大家都知道的内容或不会引起歧义的部分，只保留主干部分或关键词。【考例】 goodbye, john. come back again sometime.sure. _. (2012四川)a. i did b. i do c. i shall d. i will解析：d。答语句意：当然，我会的。i will后面省略了come back again sometime。 倒装考点一、完全倒装(一)在here, there, now, then, away, down, in, up, off, out等副词开头的句子中(主语一般为名词，谓语动词为be, come, go, run等)，常使用完全倒装。【考例】 hearing the dog barking fiercely, away _. (2009上海)a. fleeing the thief b. was fleeing the thief c. the thief was fleeing d. fled the thief 解析：d。句意：一听到狗叫得厉害，小偷赶紧逃走了。副词away位于句头，使用完全倒装。 (二) 地点状语位于句首时，主语为名词且谓语动词为不及物动词(如lie, stand, sit等)，常使用完全倒装句式。【考例】 at the meeting place of the yangtze river and the jialing river _, one of the ten largest cities in china. a. lies chongqing b. chongqing lies c. does lie chongqing d. does chongqing lie解析：a。句意：中国十大城市之一的重庆位于扬子江和嘉陵江两江交汇的地方。这里是将地点状语提前且主语为名词，故用完全倒装形式。考点二、部分倒装(一) 否定词语位于句首时引起的部分倒装(倒装否定词语所在的句子)。常见的否定副词或短语有： never / seldom / not / little / nowhere / hardly / in no case / in no sense / by no means / at no time等。 【考例】 at no time _ the rules of the game. it was unfair to punish them. (2013辽宁)a. they actually broke b. do they actually break c. did they actually break d. they had actually broken 解析：c。at no time为否定词语，因此主句用部分倒装结构。句意：实际上他们从没有打破游戏规则。处罚他们是不公平的。(二)“only+状语”位于句首时引起的部分倒装【考例】only with the greatest of luck _ to escape from the rising flood waters. (2012上海)a. managed she b. she managed c. did she manage d. she did manage解析：c。句意：她最终逃脱了上涨的洪水，只是因为运气极佳。 (三) 在sothat句型中，如果so引导的部分位于句首，则主句要使用部分倒装。【考例】so sudden _ that the enemy had no time to escape. a. did the attack b. the attack did c. was the attack d. the attack was解析：c。句意：这次袭击非常突然以至于敌人没有时间逃跑。sudden是形容词，在句中作表语，故动词应用was。(四) as或though引导让步状语从句置于句首时引起的部分倒装(although不能引导倒装)。其倒装句型是：表语(形容词或单个名词)/ 状语 / 谓语中的行为动词(动词原形)as / though主语。【考例】 hot _ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. (2012陕西)a. althoughb. as c. while d. however 解析：b。hot as the night air was尽管夜晚的空气很热。(五) so / neither / nor位于句首表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或物，使用部分倒装。 so 用于肯定情况，而neither / nor用于否定情况。其句型是： so / neither / nor助动词 / 系动词 / 情态动词主语。 【考例】 bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by jason, and _. a. i was neither b. neither was i c. i was either d. either was i 解析：b。该句前半句否定的内容也适用于后者，所以用neither构成倒装。注：(1) “neithernor助动词系动词情态动词主语”结构，有时也表示连续的否定。如：【考例1】 the headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor _ it a thought. a. does he even give b. he even givesc. will he even give d. he will even give解析：c。句意：校长不会允许课程中有改变，他甚至不会考虑这事。句子前半部分中使用助动词will，后面应与其保持一致。 【考例2】 this is not my story, nor _ the whole story. my story plays out differently. a. is there b. there is c. is it d. it is 解析：c。句中it代指前面的this，nor在句中表示连续的否定。(2) neithernor连接并列成分，且neither和nor放于句首，前后都倒装。连接并列主语时不倒装。neither does he work hard, nor is he interested in math. neither he nor i am a student. (3) 表示对对方所说的话加以肯定或赞同时，不用倒装语序，意为“的确，真的”。如 ： john is very polite. 约翰很有礼貌。so he is. 他确实如此。 (4) 当前面有两个(或两个以上)不同动作也适用于后者时，常用“so + it + be + with + sb”结构。 (六) hardlywhen / no soonerthan / not until等连接复合句时，如果hardly, no sooner, not until放于句首，主句使用部分倒装，从句不倒装； not onlybut also连接并列分句时，如果not only放于句首, 前一个分句使用部分倒装，后一个分句不倒装。【考例1】not until he retired from teaching three years ago _ having a holiday abroad. a. he had consideredb. had he considered c. he considered d. did he consider解析：d。not until位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。根据句意可知，主句应用一般过去时。 【考例2】 the computer was used in teaching. as a result, not only _, but students became more interested in the lessons. a. saved was teachers energy b. was teachers energy savedc. teachers energy was saved d. was saved teachers energy解析：b。not onlybut also连接并列分句，not only后面的分句使用部分倒装。【考例3】did linda see the traffic accident? no, no sooner _ than it happened. a. had she gone b. she had gone c. has she gone d. she has gone解析：a。考查no soonerthan句型，当no sooner位于句首时，主句要使用部分倒装结构。no sooner后面一般用过去完成时。答语句意：她刚走，事故就发生了。补充：1. 在there be句型中，须使用倒装结构，除there be外还有there live/stand/lie/exist等结构。 2. 有时为保持句子平衡或强调表语，常将作表语的形容词、介词短语、动词-ed形式及动词-ing形式等置于句首，形成完全倒装。如： outside the doctors clinic were 20 patients.省略和倒装专项练习1. how about going for a walk? _ great. lets get going.a. sound b. soundingc. to soundd. sounds 2. i didnt go to the party yesterday.oh, but you _. a. ought to b. should have c. must have d. should 3. can you still catch the last bus? im afraid _. it left ten minutes ago. a. so b. not to c. not d. that not 4. _ word by word, needless to say, the passage will be difficult to understand.a. if translating b. having translatedc. if translated d. to translate 5. i like this red bike better than that black one, but it costs almost twice _. a. as much b. as many c. so much d. so many 6. he has been out of work for half a year. do you know the difficulty he has _ the family?a. supported b. supporting c. to support d. support 7. its recommended that the plan he put forward _ discussed at the next meeting. a. be b. would be c. was d. must be 8. mary opened the door. there _ she had never seen before. a. a boy did stand b. a boy stood c. did a boy stand d. stood a boy 9. under the tree _ of about ten, who was waiting for his mother to come back. a. a boy sat b. did a boy sit c. sat a boy d. a boy did sit10. im very sorry. _ you are a vegetarian (吃素的人), i wouldnt have cooked this pork for you. a. had i known b. did i knowc. i had knownd. i knew11. will peter go to the party?if mary doesnt go, _.a. so will heb. neither will hec. neither he does d. so he will12. his uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. _ his aunt.a. so it is b. so is it with c. so is it d. so it is with13. never in my life _ such delicious food. can you tell me how you cooked it?a. i have had b. had i c. have i had d. i had14. may i have permission to leave the table?not until _ their food.a. has everyone finished b. everyone has finishedc. will everyone finish d. everyone will finish 15. as far as i know, not only is he interested in science, but also _ a gift for music.a. has he b. does he havec. does have he d. he has16. its years since we last saw each other. so much _ that i can hardly recognize him.a. has he changed b. he has changed c. he does changed. he changes17. only when you have learned a lesson from failure _ greater progress.a. can you make b. you can make c. you will maked. you make18. _, she couldnt work out the maths problem. so she turned to her teacher for help.a. might she as try b. as she might tryc. she might as tryd. try as she might 19. the customer said that no sooner _ the computer than it stopped working.a. he had started b. had he started c. has he startedd. he started20. no matter how _ outside, he insisted on going to the railway station to meet his friend. a. heavily was it raining b. it was raining heavily c. heavily it was rainingd. was it raining heavily21. as far as we know, tom spends at least as much time chatting on line as he _ his homework.a. does doing b. does c. doing d. does to do22. im sorry i hurt you. i didnt mean _.a. to do b. to c. doing d. doing so23. is peter coming with us？ i hope _. he is really interesting.a. that b. it c. not d. so24. hardly _ our walk when it began to rain. a. we began b. we had begunc. had we begund. have we begun25. mr. black was teaching math in a college last year and he still _ now. a. does b. do c. was d. is 参考答案及解析:1-5 dbcca 6-10 badca11-15 bdcbd 16-20 aadbc 21-25 abdcd 1. d。句中省略主语。sounds great.=it sounds great. 听起来不错。 2. b。根据上句可知是谈论过去的情况，故应该用“情态动词+have done”结构。句子采用省略形式“should have”。 3. c。英语中常用so / not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容。im afraid not补全为：im afraid i cant catch the last bus. 4. c。if translated= if it is translated. 当主句主语与状语从句主语相同(或从句主语为it)，并且从句谓语中含be动词，常将从句主语和be动词省略。 5. a。补全句子为but it costs almost twice as much as that one. 句意为：比起那辆黑色自行车，我更喜欢这辆红色的，但是这辆是那辆的两倍价钱。 6. b。此题考查句式have difficulty (in) doing sth. 其中in可以省略。省略介词in的常考句式还有sb spend + 时间+(in) doing sth (某人花费时间做某事)。 7. a。虚拟语气用在名词性从句中，should可省略。根据句意应用被动语态。 8. d。由there开头的句子中，常用完全倒装。能用于这种结构的词除了be外，还有appear, seem, remain, exist, lie, stand等。 9. c。作地点状语的介词短语置于句首时，句子常用完全倒装形式。句意：在树下坐着一个大约10岁的男孩。他在等他妈妈回来。 10. a。在虚拟语气条件句中，若从句的谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。句意：很抱歉。如果我当时知道你吃素的话，就不会煮猪肉给你吃了。11. b。表示前面所说的否定的情况也适合于另一个人，用“nor/neither +助动词 / 情态动词 / 系动词+主语”结构。if引导的 条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。12. d。当前面有两个(或两个以上)不同动作也适用于后者时，常用“so it be with sb”结构。 句意：他叔叔是个工人，在一家工厂工作了十年多了。他婶婶也是如此。13. c。表示否定意义的词或词组如never / seldom / not / little / nowhere / hardly / in no case / in no sense / by no means等开头的句子，常用部分倒装结构。句意：我一辈子从未吃过这么美味的食品。你能告诉我你是怎么做的吗？根据句意可知，应该用现在完成时。14. b。not until 位于句首时，主句用部分倒装语序，而until引导的句子不倒装。until从句中用现在完成时代