Python编程入门练习笔记.docx

Dolcerena 2015/2/3Python练习笔记1. 简单循环#diceimport randomfor x in range(1,11): throw_1 = random.randint(1,6) throw_2 = random.randint(1,6) total = throw_1 + throw_2 print(total) if total = 7: print(Seven Thrown!) if total = 11: print(Eleven Thrown!) if throw_1 = throw_2: print(Double thrown!) if total = 5 and total = 5 and total = 9:这句话还可以这样写if not (total 9):另外，C里面的|（或）在Python里面是or【注意】print括号里面引用要打印的字符用单引号，不是双引号；严格按照缩进（缩进在python里相当于C里面的）。#dice_elifimport randomfor x in range(1,11): throw_1 = random.randint(1,6) throw_2 = random.randint(1,6) total = throw_1 + throw_2 print(total)if total 4: print(Bad luck!) elif total book_name = Programming Raspberry Pi若直接输入book_name若输入print(book_name)#区别：第一个输出一个字符串（带引号），第二个打印一个值（不带引号）字符串长度：len(book_name)获取字符串中指定位置字符：book_name1截取字符串：book_name0:11把字符串加到一起：book_name + by Dolcerena【注意】数组下标参数用方括号；首字母的位置从0开始；输入下标超出字符串长度会报错；截取时输入第二个数字“11”，其实取到字符串的第10个字符；如果不确定取到哪里，可以12:（或者:12）这样会默认取到最后（或者开头）。4.列表字符串是字符的列表。 numbers = 123,34,55,321,9给列表numbers赋初值（可以用len()得numbers的长度：5） numbers1:3取numbers里的2，3项 numbers0 = 1将numbers里的第一项用“1”覆盖 numbers.sort()对numbers里的值进行排序 numbers.pop()移除列表中的一项，若括号中没有声明移除哪一项，则默认移除最后一项 numbers.insert(1,66)在列表中增加一项，1代表插入位置，66代表插入内容 big_list = 123,hello,inner list,2,True复合列表，结构如下图：big_list123“hello”inner list2True思考1：如何取出2？ big_list21（将”big_list2”看做一个列表，列表后加1取出当前列表第二项，即2）思考2：设计一个for循环，将列表中的项列出来list = 1,one,111for item in list: print(item)【注意】pop()括号中的参数也是从0开始，即pop(1)移除列表中第二项；其他也是。5.函数功能：创造一个函数make_polite，让句子变得礼貌。#functiondef make_polite(sentence): polite_sentence = sentence + please return polite_sentenceprint(make_polite(pass the book)def：关键词，后跟函数名，最后加冒号return：函数返回值，不是每个函数必须有的小游戏：吊死鬼第一步：从几个单词中挑选一个作为被猜单词#hangman_pick_a_wordimport randomwords = period, record,field,object,physicaldef pick_a_word(): word_position = random.randint(0,len(words)-1) return wordsword_positionprint(pick_a_word()【这句话用来测试是否能够随机选出单词，测完需删掉】lives remaining = 14【全局变量剩余生命值】guessed_letters = 第二步：写出play函数，再去写play中用到但还没有定义的函数def play(): word = pick_a_word() while True: guess = get_guess(word) if process_guess(guess,word): print(You Win! Well Done!) break if lives_remaining = 0: print(You are Hung!) print(The word was: + word) break第三步：完善get_gusss函数，实现读取玩家输入字符def get_guess(word): print_word_with_blanks(word) print(Lives Remaining: + str(lives_remaining) guess = input(Guess a letter or whole word?) return guessdef print_word_with_blanks(word): print(print_word_with_blanks(word):not done yet)【“还没有完成”这只是个桩函数，因为还没来得及写】第四步：完善process_guess函数与print_word函数def print_word_with_blanks(word): display_word = #空的（没有猜中任何一个字母）# for letter in word:#把输入的字母与word里的单词逐个比较# if guessed_letters.find(letter) -1: #letter found#内建函数find，不同返回-1相同返回字母位置# display_word = display_word +letter else: #letter not found display_word = display_word + _ print(display_word)def process_guess(guess,word): global lives_remaining global guessed_letters lives_remaining = lives_remaining - 1 guessed_letters = guessed_letters + guess#把猜过的字母放入guessed_letters# return False第五步：两个选择，输入一个字母或整个单词把process_guess函数做大的改动def process_guess(guess,word): if len(guess) 1: return whole_word_guess(guess,word) else: return single_letter_guess(guess,word)定义单个字母函数 def single_letter_guess(guess,word): global lives_remaining global guessed_letters if word.find(guess) = -1: #word guess was incorrect lives_remaining = lives_remaining - 1 guessed_letters = guessed_letters + guess if all_letters_guessed(word):#每次调用一遍，检查是否已经全部猜中# return Truereturn False def all_letters_guessed(word): for letter in word: if guessed_letters.find(letter) = -1: return False return True与整个单词函数def whole_word_guess(guess,word): global lives_remaining if guess.lower() = word.lower():#把字母都转化成小写后比较# return True else: lives_remaining = lives_remaining - 1 return False整个游戏：#hangmanimport randomlives_remaining = 14guessed_letters = words = period, record,field,object,physicaldef pick_a_word(): word_position = random.randint(0,len(words)-1) return wordsword_positiondef play(): word = pick_a_word() while True: guess = get_guess(word) if process_guess(guess,word): print(You Win! Well Done!) break if lives_remaining = 0: print(You are Hung!) print(The word was: + word) break def get_guess(word): print_word_with_blanks(word) print(Lives Remaining: + str(lives_remaining) guess = input(Guess a letter or whole word?) return guessdef print_word_with_blanks(word): display_word = for letter in word: if guessed_letters.find(letter) -1: #letter found display_word = display_word + letter else: #letter not found display_word = display_word + _ print(display_word)def process_guess(guess,word): if len(guess) 1: return whole_word_guess(guess,word) else: return single_letter_guess(guess,word) def single_letter_guess(guess,word): global lives_remaining global guessed_letters if word.find(guess) = -1: #word guess was incorrect lives_remaining = lives_remaining - 1 guessed_letters = guessed_letters + guess if all_letters_guessed(word): return True return False def all_letters_g