人教版八年级一单元知识点汇总.doc

UNIT 第一部分：重难点一不定代词：即不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词比如some,any,all,both,none,either,neither,each,every.some 一些，某些，某个不定代词some可以代替名词和形容词，常用在肯定句中作主语、宾语、定语等。作定语时，它可以修饰可数名词（单、复数皆可）和不可数名词。例如：some are doctors，some are nurses有些人是医生，有些人是护士。（作主语）2any一些，任何不定代词any可以代替名词和形容词，常用在否定句或疑问句中作主语、宾语、定语等。作定语时，它可以修饰可数名词（多为复数）和不可数名词。例如：there isnt any ink in my pen我的钢笔没有墨水。（作定语）不定代词any有时也可以用在肯定句中，表示任何的。例如：you may come at any time；ll be home the whole day你任何时候来都行，我整天都将呆在家里 。不定代词any也可以用作副词，做状语，表示程度。例如：is he any better today？他今天好一点了吗？3all 全体，所有（指三者以上）不定代词all在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或同位语。它可以代表或修饰可数名词和不可数名词。代表或修饰可数名词时，指两个以上的人或物。作先行词时，引导词用that。例如：all were present at the meeting全都到会了。（作主语，代表可数名词）4both 全部，都不定代词both指两个人或事物。和all一样，可以用作主语、宾语、定语或同位语。例如：we invited both to come to our farm我们邀请两个人都来我们的农场?（作宾语）5none 无人或无不定代词none的含义和all物相反，和no one，not any同义，但其用法相当于名词，在句子中一般作主语或宾语。它代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数皆可。例如：none of the problems is /are easy to solve这些问题没有一个是容易解决的。（作主语， 代替可数名词）6either 两者之中的任何一个，这个或那个。不定代词 either 可以作主语、宾语和定语。例如：either of them will agree to this arrangment他们两人中会有人同意这样的安排的。（作主语）7neither 两者都不不定代词 neither 是 either 的否定形式，可以作主语、宾语和定语。例如：neither is interesting两个都没有趣。（作主语）8each 每个，各自的不定代词each指每一个人或事物的个别情况，甚至指这些个别情况各不相同。它在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。例如：she gave the children two apples each她给了每个小孩两个苹果。（作the children的同位语。）9every 每个，每一的，一切的不定代词every有全体的意思，和all的意义相近，但只能作定语。二复合不定代词1.some, any, every, no都能和one, body, thing一起构成代词，这些代词叫复合不定代词。.复合不定代词在句子中作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：Nobody knows his name. 没有人知道他的名字。. 不定代词的定语要后置。：Is there anything important in todays newspaper? 今天的报纸上有什么重要新闻吗？.some-不定代词，通常用于肯定句中；any-不定代词则多用于否定句、疑问句中。但some-可用于表请求、邀请、预料对方会作肯定回答时的疑问句中。 ：Someone is calling me. There isnt anyone else there. Is anybody over there? Could you give me something to eat? 练习：用不定代词或不定副词填空： 1. I cant hear anything = I can hear _. 2. There is _ on the floor. Please pick it up. 3. Did _ go to play basketball with you ? 4. I phoned you last night, but _ answered it. 5. Maybe _ put my pencil _. I cant find it _. No one _ how to do it. A.know B. knows C. knowing D. knew Everything_OK, isnt it? A. was B. are C. and D. is Theres_in the newspaper. You should read it. A. important something B. something boring C. boring something D. something important.第二部分：基础知识点.go on vacation去度假 be on vacation在度假How/ what about+V-ing/ n/ 代词 怎么样？（表建议、询问）most students= most of the students “one of +the most +adj +n复数”表示“最之一”Eg：He is one of the most famous writers in China.A most +adj +n 非常 Eg：Hangzhou is a most beautiful city.buy/ get sb sth= buy/ get sth for sbwhat do you think of/ about？= how do you like？你认为怎么样？.have fun，enjoy oneself，have a good/ great/ wonderful time+V-ing,.主语+ seem+（to be）+表语（n/adj） eg：Tom seems to be a smart boy/ happy.It seems that从句 eg：It seems that he understand.主语+ seem to do sth eg：He seems to understand.adj 以-ing结尾“令人的”exciting，interesting，relaxing，boring 以-ed结尾“人感到的”excited，interested，relaxed，bored.询问价格：How much is ? Whats the price of ?表示价格高低：be expensive/ cheap The price of is high/ low.get to, arrive in/at, reach,到达（如果后面接地点的副词home，here或there ,就不用介词in ,at, to）.decide（not）to do decide that从句 decide+疑问词+不定式.try（not）to do sth尽力 try doing sth 尝试 try/ do ones best to do sth try it on试穿（动副结构） try out试验 have a try试一试1.feel like感觉像 feel like doing sth/ want to do sth/ would like to do sth1.a lot of= lots of =plenty of.in the past在过去.enjoy/ like doing.感叹句：How+adj+主谓！ How+adj+a/an +n单+主谓！ What+ a/an +adj+ n单+主谓！ What+ adj+ n复/ 不可数+主谓！.more than=over超过 less than 少于 more or less或多或少.wait for等待.too many“太多”修饰可数名词复数too much“太多”修饰不可数名词much too“实在太”修饰形容词或副词2.because+从句 because of +n/ V-ing /代词2enough作adj修饰n， enough time enough money have enoughto do sth eg：I have enough time to finish the work. enough作adv修饰adj/ adv old enough fast enough eg：The job is easy enough for me to do. notenough to do The book isnt easy enough for me to read. tooto The book is too difficult for me to read. sothat The book is so difficult that I cant read.2the next day第二天2，remember/ forget+to do要做 +doing做过Stop sb from doing sth阻止Stop to do 停下来去做其他事Stop doing 停止正在做的事another two hours=two more hoursat the top of在顶端，名列之前 强调点on the top of在上面 强调面find out查明，弄清 find找到（结果） look for寻找（过程）go on with/ doing sth继续原来的事 go on to do sth继续做别的事so +adj +that +结果状语从句“如此以致” eg：I was so busy that I didnt go to sleep for 3 days.so that 引导目的状语从句，以便，为了（in order to）eg：they got up early so that they could catch the early bus.课后练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. I didnt find _ ( someone ) there. 2. Is there _( something ) important in todays newspaper? 3. Look! There is _ ( anybody ) at home. The light is on. 4. Amy _ ( meet ) a famous actor yesterday. 5. There _ ( be ) forty-five students in our class last term. 6. Miss Green _ ( come ) to China in 2008. 7. Little Tom _ ( be ) here a moment ago. 8. She _ ( buy ) a new bag yesterday. 二、单项选择 ( )1. -_ you _ to the movies？ - Yes, I did. A. Did went B. Did go C. Are went ( )2. - How was your weekend? - Great! We _ a picnic in the park. A. have B. has C. had ( )3. Mrs Green with her little daughter _ at home _ that rainy night. A. was on B. were on C. was at ( )4. - Who told you to clean the windows? -Miss Wang _ A. told B. did C. has told ( )5. - Do you always _ to the zoo? - Yes, I _ yesterday. A. go go B. go went C. went go ( )6. - _ there any koalas in the zoo last year? - No, there _. A. Are arent B. Were wasnt C. Were werent ( )7.- Did you go with _? - Yes, I did. A. someone B. anyone C. somebody ( )8. - Did you buy _ special? - No, I didnt. A. something B. some things C. anything 三、句型转换 1Lucy played computer games yesterday. ( 改为一般疑问句 ) _ Lucy _ computer games yesterday? 2We went to the Palace Museum. ( 对划线部分提问 ) _ _ you _? 3There was someone here just no