中国龙 chinese dragon.ppt

中国文化 龙文化 AboutChinesedragonAboutthedescendantsofChinesedragonChinesedragon westerndragonCustoms Whatisdragon Totem Whatisdragon Atotemisabeing object orsymbolrepresentingananimalorplantthatservesasanemblem embl m 象征ofagroupofpeople suchasafamily clan kl n 部落 group lineage l n d 血统 ortribe remindingthemoftheirancestry ormythicpast Inkinshipanddescent iftheapicalancestorofaclanisnonhuman itiscalledatotem Normallythisbeliefisaccompaniedbyatotemicmyth Whatdoesdragoncomeof Inremotetimesofclanship 氏族制度 theclan 部落 whichleadedbyFuxiandsymbolizedbysnaketotem 图腾 conqueredotherclansandthengrewintoabigclanunionbyintegratingotherstogetherwiththeirtotems Dragonismainlyconsistedofsnake Ithassnake sbody pig shead deer shorns bull sear goat sbeard hawk sclawandfish sscale Thatwashowthetotemofdragoncameintobeing Whyisitcalled龙 龍 字的左边是一个 音 字的夸张 为雷鸣之音 蕴含着一种 隆隆 声 龍 字的右边那弯弯叉叉的字形 为闪电之相 显现着新图腾的图像 繁写的 龍 字左边象声 右边象形 左右合之为 龍 完全符合中国字形成和发展象声 象形 会意的基本规律 从古籀zh u体到现代繁写体 龍 的演变 给我们传递着一个重要的信息 龙 的命名与电闪雷鸣有着密切的关联 Thesoundmadebythethunderisamazing sublime s blaim 崇高的andworshipedbypeoplethen SoFuxijustgavethenewtotemanameasthesoundmadebythethunder 隆隆 Buttherewasnorealwordsatthattime Sotherewasnodistinctdifferencesbetween 龍 and 隆 forthem Itisjustasymbol 龍 字是后来人们逐步发展演化而成的 Whyarewethedescendantsofthedragon mythology AtJiaxiangCountyinShandongProvince thereisagroupportraitsoftheancientemperorsinVuThiHantombs 武氏汉墓 ofstone Thepeopleinportraits 画像 containFuxi Vulcan 祝融 Shennong theYellowEmperor TangYao Yuandother10emperors Amongthem ninepeoplehavemanheadandmanbody butonlytheimageofFuxiissingular andwithNuwapaintingtogether botharehalfman halfsnaketail lookinglikewhatthedragoncameinto Inancientmythology afterFuxiandNuwagotmarried theygivebirthtohumans Naturally thehumanisdescendantsofthedragon socalled DescendantsoftheDragon Thephrase DescendantsoftheDragon comesfromthis Chineseancientscholarsbelievethatthedragongatheredninekindsofanimalcharacteristics horse smouth crab seyes kr b 螃蟹 sheep sbeard deer shorns cow sears lion smane carp sscales k p 鲤鱼 snake sbody eagle sclaws Fromthepointofanimal sview weChinesehavefeaturesofhorse likestamina 耐力 crab likedexterity 灵巧 sheep likedocile 温顺 deer likelightness cow likediligence lion likestrength carp likeflexibility snake likeagility 敏捷 hawk likeintelligence Althoughnothavingthemagicalpowerlikethenineanimals weChinesecanownindomitablespineless 坚韧不拔的骨气 andbravefightingspirit symbolicvalue Chinesedragonstraditionallysymbolizepotentandauspicious 吉祥的 powers particularlycontroloverwater rainfall hurricane andfloods Thedragonisalsoasymbolofpower strength andgoodluckforpeoplewhoareworthyofit Withthis theEmperorofChinausuallyusedthedragonasasymbolofhisimperialpowerandstrength InChinesedailylanguage excellentandoutstandingpeoplearecomparedtothedragonwhileincapablepeoplewithnoachievementsarecomparedwithother disesteemed 受藐视的 creatures suchastheworm 蠕虫 AnumberofChineseproverbsandidiomsfeaturereferencetothedragon forexample Hopingone ssonwillbecomeadragon 望子成龍 i e beasadragon Chinesedragon Westerndragon ChineseandWesterndragons BothinChineseandwesterncultureorlegends dragonsappearasthestrongcreatures Buttherearemanydifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweenthem Chinesedragons Maintypesofchinesedragon Thereexistabout24kindsofchinesedragonsinancientChina Here weonlychosefourofthem MostChinesedragonssharethesimilarbodyfeaturesButtheystillhavedifferentcolorsordifferentbodyshapes e g horns basedontheirtypesandtheirages Theword dragon Theuseoftheword dragon candatesbacktothe13thcentury TheEnglishword dragon isthesameastheFranch s Theword dragon inFranchcomesfromancientFranch dragon whichcamesfromLatin draconem The draco comesfromancientGreek drak n Inlatin theword draconem means hugesnake whileinancientGreek theword drak n means hugeseaserpent s p nt 蛇orseamonster Theaffix drak means sharp sightedone serpent onewithadeadlyglance Whatdoesawesterndragonlooklike Dragonsareusuallythoughttohavewingsandbreathefire Theyalsoaresaidtohavescalesandclaws Somealsohavehorns Almostalwaystheyaresaidtobevenomous ven m s 有毒的 Somedragonsmayhavetwoormoreheads Theymayalsohavemorethanonetail Theymayhavetwo fourorevenmorelegs however mostareknowntohavefourlegs Westerndragons Moreaboutwesterndragon Whatdotheyeat Dragonsaresaidtoeatthingssuchasrats birds snakes bats orevenhumans especiallychildren Wheredotheylive Dragonsliveinremoteareas farawayfromhumans inplacesthataredark dampandsecluded s klu d d 隐蔽的 suchascaves waterandsoon Asymbolofevil AtypicalWesterndragoncanflyandbreathefire Manylegendsdescribedragonsasgreedy keepinghordesofgoldandotherprecioustreasure Dragonsmaybeseentorepresentthedarksideofhumanity includinggreed lust l st 欲望 andviolence Soinmythsandfolklore therearemanystoriesofheroeswhofightbravelywithevildragonsinordertoprotecttheirpeople Differentkindsofwesterndragon Similarity Differences Howtonamethe Chinesedragon 有必要提醒 龙是中国文化里特有的东西 不是英国人在一般意义上或是传统意义上所谓的dragon 龙 在西方语文里根本没有与之相应的词语 就类似于日本的哥斯拉这种东西也无法在西方语文里找到与之相应的词语 所以西方也称之为哥斯拉 注 哥斯拉是魔兽 龙是瑞兽 也类似于在我们的语文里同样无法找到与那些西方神灵的名称相应的词语 所以我们称呼西方人的那些神灵的时候几乎都是按照他们的发音去称呼 也就是译音 1 龙 不应该翻译成dragon Dragon的本意是凶残的有翼巨兽 也可以理解为一种恶魔 引申意是悍妇等 2 龙 也不应该翻译成long Long的英文发音不是 龙 而是 狼 这不是真正的音译 还有长 久 期盼 股票或期货的多头的意思 把龙翻译成long也会造成意义上的混乱 所以不能简单地把龙的拼音字母作为龙的英文音译 3 龙 的英文应该写作Loong 用英语应该读成与汉语里相似的音 值得提倡 英文中本来没有loong这个单词 因此把 龙 翻译成loong 不会引发歧义 英文中对 龙 字的音译是 Loong 姓氏 龙 和人名中的 龙 字也被翻译成 loong 例如著名武术家李小龙的英文名字是 LeeSiuLoong 新加坡总理李显龙的名字被翻译成 LeeHsienLoong 在一些涉及龙的文字中 龙 也的确被称为 loong 例如 舞龙时所使用的长龙道具 就被翻译为loong 因此 把 龙 翻译成 loong 才是真正的音译 而且它已经有了广泛的使用基础 也符合海外华人的习惯 有利于团结海外华人 TheEnglishExplanationofLoong Loong lu 1 n c amythologicalcreatures withtheheadofacamelorhorse thehornsofadeer theeyesofarabbit theearsofacow theneckandbodyofasnake thebellyofakindofhugeclam 蜃 thescalesofacarp 鲤鱼 theclawsofahawk thepalmofatiger andwithoutwings Ithaswhiskersandabeard andisdeaf Itisgenerallyregardedasbenevolent 吉祥无害的 butisalsothesourceofthunderandlightning 2 n usedtobethesymbolofChinesekings theywerecalled thesonoftheLoong 3 asurnameofChinesepeople 4 thetransliteration 音译 ofChinesecharacterofloong 5 thestageproperty 道具 usedinTheDanceofLoong Customs dragondancing Inthepast Chinesedragonswerebelievedtobethegodsinchargeofrain cloudandwind Sowhenthereweredroughts thewitcheswouldimitatethedragonmovementanddancetoprayforrain ThendragondanceiswidelyusedintheChineseNewYearcelebrationbecauseifdragons thegodsofRain canbringrainatthebeginningoftheyear therewillbeagoodyearofgreatharvest Thecolorsofdragonsindragondancingconveydifferentmessages Forexample greenissometimesselectedasamaincolorofthedragon whichsymbolizesagreatharvestfortheyeartocome yellow theempire goldenorsilvercolorsrepresentingprosperity Dragonboatracing WhydoChinesepeoplerowDragonboatsonDragonboatfestival ItissaidthatDragonboatfestivalisinmemoryofQuYuanwhodrownedhimselfinariver totrytopersuadetheChineseKingtodosomethinggoodforthepeople Whenpeopleheardthebadnews theyrushedtotheriverandtriedtosaveQuYuanbutinvain Butsuddenlyamansawadragonmovingswiftlyonthewatersurface Sotherescuepeoplemadethedragonboat whichwasadragon shapeboat andtheyhopedthedragonboatcouldmoveonthewaterfastsothattheycouldQuYuansoon Manydifferentversions phoenix Thephoenix fi n ks alsofictitious issplendidandregardedasthekingofbirds Chinesepeoplebelievethatdragonsaremaleandtheircouples phoenixes arefemale Usuallyitpairedwiththedragonandinweddingcelebrationsitisawishforaharmoniousmarriageforthenewcouple Oncethedragonbecameatotem t t m 象征物oftheemperor thephoenixwasaccordedasimilarsignificancetoempresses Forgenerations peoplehavenamedfood musicalinstruments andevengirlswiththeChinesecharacter Feng phoenix intheexpectationthattheyareassplendidasthephoenix Chinesewedding Chineseweddingclothesoftenembroideredwithdragonandphoenix Dragonsandphoenixesaretherepresentativesofhappinessandwonderfulcouples Dragonrobe Thefirstdragonpatternsontheemperor srobecandatebacktoasearlyastheZhouDynasty 11thcentury 256B C ButitwasnotuntiltheQingdynastythattheywerenamed dragonrobes andbecamepartoftheofficialattiresystem Adragonrobeiseitheryelloworapricot e pr k t yellow杏黄 金黄 whichisthecolorforChineseemperors Adragonrobeembroideredwithnineyellowdragons Itisembroideredwithadragononthefrontandtheback beforeorbehindtheknees ontheshoulders andontheliningofthechest Thusatotalofninedragonsareembroideredonadragonrobe building DragonsarecommontobeseeninChinesetemplesorbuildingsbecausedragonsareregardedasgodsbyChinese Chinesethinkdragonscanprotectthetempleandpeople Inadditiontodragonpillars p l wecanseedragonsonmanyplacesliketheridgepoles r d p l 栋梁 wallbeams walls theincense nsens burner香炉 theeaves i vz 屋檐oftemplesandsoon Pictures 龙生九子 1 老大囚牛 qiuniu whichlikesmusic areusedtoadornmusicalinstruments 喜音乐 尊立于琴 龙生九子 各不相同 ThereareNineDragonChildren whichfeatureprominentlyinarchitecturalandmonumentaldecorations 2 老二睚眦 yazi whichlikestokil