1A 第4讲.虚拟语气.docx

虚拟语气一、虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用类别用法例句If引导的条件从句与现在事实相反从句动词：过去式（be用were）主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形If he were here, he would help us.与过去事实相反从句动词：had+过去分词主句动词：should/would/could/might+ have+过去分词If I had been free, I would have visited you.与将来事实相反从句动词：过去式 / should+动词原形 / were+不定式主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.其它状语从句as if/ as though引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式They are talking as if they had been friends for years.in order that / so that引导的状语从句中动词用can / could / may / might / would等+动词原形Turn on the light so that we can see it clearly.（一）虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should,或had,可将if省略，再把were, should或had移到从句句首，实行部分倒装。例如：Were they here now, they could help us= If they were here now, they could help us.Had you come earlier, you would have seen the superstar.= If you had come earlier, you would have seen the superstar.Should it rain, the crops would be saved.= If it should rain, the crops would be saved.Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.= If it were to rain, the crops would be saved.（二）混合/错综条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主、从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。规则：无论是主句还是从句，与什么时间相反，就用与这个时间相对应的句型.常见的情况是从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.If it had rained last night , it would be very cold today.（三）含蓄虚拟条件句在某些虚拟语气结构中没有if条件句，虚拟条件是用其它形式表示出来，这种现象在语法上称为“含蓄条件句”。含蓄条件通常分为以下几种情况:1)通过without的介词短语表示条件。例如:Without air, there would be no living things. =If there were no air, there would be no living things.2)通过but for介词短语表达条件。例如:But for the storm I would have arrived much earlier.=If it had not been for the storm, I would have arrived much earlier. 3)通过连词otherwise(or)表达条件。例如:She came to town yesterday, otherwise/or I would not have met her.=If she hadnt come to town yesterday, I would not have met her.2、 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用虚拟在宾语从句中demand, suggest, order, insist后接的从句中动词为（should）+动词原形He suggested that we not change our mind.wish后的从句中分别用过去式，过去完成式和should/would+动词原形表示与现在，过去和将来情况相反I wish I could be a pop singer.3、 虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用虚拟在主语从句中It is necessary / important / strange that从句中，谓语动词用(should)+动词原形It is strange that such a person should be our friends.It is suggested / demanded / ordered / requested that从句中， 谓语动词用(should)+动词原形It is demanded that you arrive on time. It is a pity/a shame that从句中， 谓语动词用(should)+动词原形It is a pity that you should not come.4、 虚拟语气在其他句型中的应用虚拟在其它句型中It is time that句型中动词用过去式或should+动词原形Its high time that we left.would rather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式I would rather you stayed at home now.If only句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望If only our dream had come true!课堂练习一、单项选择1. If youd listened to me, we _ the wrong way.A. wouldnt have goneB. wouldnt goC. hadnt goneD. wont go2. If we _virtual reality holiday, we wouldnt have any problems with the weather. A. would haveB. HaveC. will haveD. had3. Shall we take the 10:00 train? No. If we took that train, we _too late.A. arriveB. arrivedC. will arriveD. would arrive4. If I _ closer to school, I wouldnt have to get up so early.A. will liveB. would likeC. livedD. live5. If you had not missed the class last night, you _ how to write the report about new frontiers now.A. had knownB. would have knownC. would knowD. knew6. Only four rings lit up in Sochi opening ceremony, otherwise it _ a perfect one.A.had beenB. wereC. would beD. would have been7. If I _ hardworking，I would not have won the first prize of the contest.A. would not beB. hadnt beenC. havent beenD. am not8. Maybe if I _ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying9. If Mark _ early last night, he wouldnt be so sleepy now.A. went to bed B. had gone to bedC. should go to bed D. could go to bed10. If it had not been for her teacher, Jane _ her Chinese last term.A. wouldnt have improved B. wouldnt improveC. didnt improve D. hadnt improved11. I didnt see your sister at the party. If she_, she would have met my brother.A. has comeB. had comeC. did comeD. came12. How amazing! You finished the task in such a short time! We _ without our friends helpA. hadnt made itB. wouldnt have made itC. wouldnt make itD. didnt make it13. Lets play tennis together tomorrow afternoon. OK, but how I wish I _ it as well as you.A. will playB. have played C. had playedD. played14. Sorry,I am too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.A. haveB. have hadC. had hadD. had 15. I really wish such a noise _ soon, but it is impossible.A. had stoppedB. stoppedC. would stopD. will stop课后作业1、 单项选择1.She couldnt have answered the question if she _ a few books on world history.A. didnt readB. hadnt readC. havent readD.wouldnt read2.If he _ my advice，he wouldnt have lost his job.A. followedB. should followC. would followD. had followed3.I dont speak any French. I wish I_ harder when I was at school.A. had workedB. workedC. should workD. work4.He looked as if he_ ill for a long time.A. was B. were C. has been D. had been5.So many people are running out of that building! I wish I_ what is happening there.A. know B. known C. knew D. should know6. She couldnt have answered the question if she _ a few books on world history.A. didnt readB. hadnt readC. havent readD. wouldnt read7.If the storm hadnt broken out, the boat _.A.wouldnt sinkB. wouldnt have sunkC. hadnt sunkD.didnt sink8.If we _ earlier, we couldnt be waiting here in a queue.A. have startedB. startedC.startD. had started9.What do you think of the American singer Lady Gaga? Too crazy, but if she _ come to China to hold concerts, I would buy tickets for her live showA. wouldB. couldC. shouldD. might10.If I _ you would drop in，I would have stayed home waiting for you.A. have known B. KnewC. would know D. had known11.I was not in Beijing last June,otherwise I _ my sons graduation ceremony.A.would not miss B.didnt missC.would not have missed D. had not missed12.If you _to my birthday party last Saturday,you would have met our old friend Jim .I caught a cold, I had been walking around in the rain.A. cameB. had comeC. would comeD. would have come13.Mary wishes that she _ law instead of history when she was in college.A. had studiedB.studiesC. has studiedD. studied14.Cathy went to the hospital alone. If she had told me about it, I _with her.A. had goneB. would have goneC. would goD. went15. He _ the car himself, but he didnt have the tools.A. would have repaired B. must have repaired C. had repaired D. would repair完形填空 There are many heroes in the world. My mom is a hero in my eyes. She has done so much for me and others. I am so glad she is in my 1ife. Night after night, day after day, I come home and go about doing things, never really1my surroundings. Sure Ill 2 if the room is a different color, but sometimes I dont see the little things：a 3 floor, clean bathroom; things like that. However, they do get done. My mom is usually the one doing them. Each day she does a great deal for my family and me, and yet 4 asks for anything in return. She works hard to keep the 5 in order and provide love and comfort to us all. There have been many 6 when I will go get a drink and find a cupboard full of clean dishes, 7I will not stop and think who put them there and washed them. If ever I need help with homework, 8 a hard decision, my mom is by my 9. Also, when there are times when I am sad and need someone to talk to, she is 10 for me. Her 11 of love towards us make her a hero.These actions she shows are not only towards me, 12. Throughout my life I have seen her 13 many others. I can remember when we, as a family, 14 go out and 15 rake（用耙子耙）a neighbors lawn, or pull weeds. I, being a child, would always want to go up to the 16 and say, “Look what we did!” most likely looking for 17, but we 18 did that. And in not doing that we felt good about it, more than we would have in telling them. There have also been many experiences when my family learned of another family who had very little for 19. My hero would be putting a basket together of childrens toys and little knick-knacks for them. Secretly we would 20 it off on the doorstep and drive off.1. A. recognizing B. finding C. seeing D. noticing2. A. mark B. spot C. explore D. stand3. A. crowded B. swept C. destroyed D. decorated4. A. hardly B. urgently C. calmly D. frequently5. A. books B. kitchen C. house D. clothes6. A. events B. occasions C. opportunities D. memories7. A. and B. so C. but D. or8. A. making B. working C. doing D. forming9. A. part B. aspect C. side D. edge10. A. away B. there C. out D. here11. A. movementB. acts C. reactions D. struggles12. A. however B. though C. yet D. while13. A. support B. challenge C. serve D. fight14. A. could B. should C. would D. must15. A. secretly B. violently C. relaxingly D. skillfully16. A. door B. streetC. roof D. car17. A. complaints B. snacks C. money D. praise18. A. always B. gradually C. seldom D. never19. A. Christmas B. weddingsC. funerals D. receptions20. A. throw B. drop C. put D. carry Almost every day we come across situations in which we have to make decisions one way or another. Choice, we are given to believe, is a right. But for a good many people in the world，in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, something wonderful but hard to get, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, a false idea created by companies and advertisers hoping to sell their products. The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in peoples lives. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted. Recent studies in England have shown that many electrical goods bought in almost every family are not really needed. More difficult decision-making is then either avoided or trusted into the hands of the professionals, lifestyle instructors, or advisors.It is not just the availability of the goods that is the problem, but the speed with which new types of products come on the market. Advances in design and production help quicken the process. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The typical example is computers, which are almost out-of-date once they are bought. This indeed makes selection a problem. Gone are th