137状语从句.doc

状语从句 我们在之前已经接触过状语从句好多次了。那么，到底状语从句都有那些类型呢，又有哪些用法呢？我们不妨再来总结一下吧！状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。按其意义和作用划分，常见的有以下几种：一 时间状语从句一般来说，时间状语从句常由连词when, while, as, by the time, before, after, since, till/until, as soon as等。在使用时，若主句为一般将来时态或是含有将来的意味时，从句常用一般现在时态来代替将来，即“主将从现”。如：I will go to the cinema as soon as I finish my homework. 我一完成作业就去电影院。When I grow up, I will join the army. 当我毕业了，我就要去参军。The teacher didnt go to bed until he finished preparing his lessons直到备完课老师才上床睡觉。1）when，while和as都可表示当时候,但用法有区别:when意为在时;当时,可表示点时间或段时间,从句谓语可以是终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词。例如:When I got home, he was having supper.as意为边边或与同时,重在表示两个动作同时发生。伴随进行。as从句是终止性动词时,主句通常也必须是终止性动词。例如:They sang as they danced.while只可表示段时间,从句谓语只限于延续性动词。例如:While I was sleeping, my father came in.注:从句谓语是持续性动词时,when、while和as可以互换，主从句谓语都是终止性动词时,when与as可互换?从句谓语表示状态时,通常用while。2）till, until如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词，主句应该使用肯定句，表示 “ 直到.为止” 如果主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，主句应使用否定句，表示 “直到才”Lets wait until/till the rain stops. 让沃尔玛等到雨停吧。I didnt go to bed until my parents came back.昨天晚上直到等我父母回来我才上床睡觉。二 条件状语从句条件状语从句常由if（如果）、unless（除非）或as long as（只要），in case（万一）来引导，同样适用于“主将从现”。如：We will stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨了，我们就会呆在家。He wont come here unless he is invited. 除非被邀请，否则他不会到这儿来的。As long as you give me money, I will go with you. 只要你给我钱，我就跟你走。In case we fail, we wont lose heart. 万一我们失败了，我们也不会失去信心。注意：条件状语从句和主句还有一个共同的伙伴，有时它可以替代从句和主句，它就是“祈使句+and / or+简单句”。其中and表示句意顺承；or则表示转折，意为“否则”。例如： If you work harder, youll pass the exam. = Work harder, and youll pass the exam. 如果你再努力些，你就会通过考试。 If you dont hurry up, youll miss the train. = Hurry up, or youll miss the train. 如果你不快点儿，你就赶不上火车了。（经典例句：Study hard, or you wont catch up with your classmates.）三 原因状语从句原因状语从句常由because（因为），since（既然；由于）或as（由于），for(由于) 来引导。在使用时，注意:because和so（所以）不能连用。Since you cant help me, Ill find someone else. 既然你帮不了我，那我就找其他人吧。He failed the exam because he didnt work hard.= He didnt work hard, so he failed the exam. 因为他不努力，所以考试没有及格。连词because, as, since, for的用法区别：because表示原因时，用法最为广泛，语气也最强。because 从句所表示的是对方不知道的直接的原因，因此在回答以why引导特殊疑问句时只可用because, 它所引导的从句可以放在主句之前或在主句之后。1) - Why are you always late for school? Because my home is far from here. 你为什么总是迟到？因为我家太远。2) He cant come to the party because he is busy.因为他忙，所以不能来参加这个聚会。as在表示原因时，语气较强。它所引导的从句常放在主句之前，意思是“由于”；把众人所知的事实当作理由。 As the bad weather, he was lost his way yesterday morning.由于恶劣的天气，他昨天早晨迷路了。since语气较弱。它所引导的从句一般放在主句之前，就对方陈述的事实作为理由。1) Since Li Ming doesnt know the answers to the problems, lets ask Wang Lei to do it.因为李明不知道这道题的答案，那就让王磊来回答吧。相比较而言，for的语气最弱。其引导的从句放在主句之后，所表述的理由是对某一事实进行推断。The woman didnt buy that coat for it is too expensive.那位女士没有买那件上衣是因为它太贵了。as，since从句所表示的往往是对方已知的原因；for往往用于附加理由证明。 四 目的状语从句目的状语从句一般由in order that, so that来引导。二者都表示“以便、为的是”之意。此时，句中往往会用一些相关的情态动词来加以说明。1) Ill have to run fast so that I can catch up with them in a short time. (目的) 我得快跑以便我能在短时间内赶上他们。2) I opened the window so that fresh air could come in. (目的) 我把窗户打开以便新鲜空气可以进来。3) We will tell you everything about it soon in order that you can prepare for that.不久我们将会让你知道详情,以便你能够做准备。(目的)五 结果状语从句：结果状语从句通常由连词sothat, suchthat引导。二者都表示“如此以至于”之意。1) The teachers teaching was so interesting that all the students were very excited.老师讲课非常有趣，学生们都感到很兴奋。2) Jack studies so hard that he always makes progress.杰克学习很是努力，结果他不断取得进步。3) Its such a nice day that all of us want to go camping.天气是如此的好，我们大家都想去野营。 so that 与such that的用法区别： so + 形容词或副词 + that + 从句such + 形容词+a(an) + 单数可数名词 + that +从句。My grandfather is so kind that everyone likes talking with him.(= My grandfather is such a kind person that everyone likes talking with him) 我爷爷心地善良，大家都喜欢和他聊天。2) It is so cold that I have to wear warm clothes.(= It is such cold weather that I have to wear warm clothes.)天气如此的冷，以至于我不得不穿上暖和的衣服。 sothat，tooto和enough to是初中英语教材中的重要结构。在一定条件下它们可以相互转换，并经常成为中考热点1）sothat与tooto的转换当that引导的从句为否定式时，从句主语与主语的主语相同时，sothat可转换为tooto结构；若从句主语与主句的主语不相同时，sothat可转换为toofor sbto结构。例如：He is so young that he cant go to school He is too young to go to schoolThe box is so heavy that he cant lift itThe box is too heavy for him to lift2）sothat与enough to的转换1当that引导的从句为肯定式时，若从句主语与主句主语相同时，sothat可转换为enough to结构；若从句主语与主句主语不相同时，sothat可转换为enough for sbto结构。例如：Tom is so old that he can go to schoolTom is old enough to go to schoolThe box is so light that the child can liftitThe box is light enough for the child to lift2当that引导的从句为否定式时，若从句主语与主句主语相同时，sothat可转换为enough to的否定结构；若从句主语与主句主语不相同时，sothat可转换为enough for sbto的否定结构。注意：转换后的形容词（副词）要用其相应的反义词。The man is so old that he cant go to workThe man isnt young enough to go to workThe desk is so heavy that I cant moveitThe desk isnt light enough for me to move3)、enough to的句式为否定式时，enough to可以转换为tooto结构。但转换后的tooto结构中的形容词（副词）要用其相应的反义词。例如：He is not old enough to do the jobHe is too young to do the jobTom didnt walk slowly enough for us to keep up with himTom walked too fast for us to keep up with him六 让步状语从句让步状语从句由although或though（虽然；尽管）来引导。注意，在使用时，though或although不能和but不能用在同一个句子中，两者只能用其一。如：We still worked in the field although / though it was raining hard.= It was raining hard, but we still worked in the field.尽管天下着大雨，但是我们仍然在地里干活。除此之外，我们还有以下几种状语从句，在此就不一一介绍七 比较状语从句 (1)引导词：as.as,not as (so).as,than (2)not as (so).as与than的同义句替换。 (3)as.as,not as (so).as中间用形容词或副词的原形。八 地点状语从句 (1)引导词where,wherever. (2)wherever=no matter where九 方式状语从句 引导词：as if,as though. （ ）1. I dont know if my uncle _. If he _, I will be very happy. A. comes; will come B. will come; will come C. comes; comes D. will come; comes （2008 湖北恩施自治州）（ ）2. - Im afraid the meeting has begun.- Dont worry. It _ until the bell _.A. doesnt begin / rings B. wont begin / will ringC. wont begin / rings D. doesnt begin / will ring （2008 湖北省荆州市）（ ）3. We are not sure if it