ESSAY和Dissertation写作常用词汇与表达方式.doc

引用数据（图表、表格）： 常用的动词：show, present, illustrate, summarize, demonstrate, contain, provide, list, report, give, reveal, display, indicate, suggest, describe, as从句： As shown in / As can be seen in / As revealed by 引用/简述他人的研究/观点： XXX + Verb. + n./that 其中Verb可以为：state, claim, argue, maintain, suggest, assert, hypothesize, conclude, describe, develop, propose, find, show, report, use, study, demonstrate, note, discuss, observe, explain, expand, publish, give, examine, analyze, focus, presume, speculate, assume, support, theorize, contend, recommend 其它：Based on / In the view of / According to 表达可能性： It is certain that It is almost certain that It is very probable/ highly likely that It is probable/likely that It is possible that It is unlikely that It is very/highly unlikely that 用于表达可能性的另一种途径： There is a definite possibility that There is a strong possibility that There is a good possibility that There is a slight possibility that There is little possibility that 表示例外： With the exception of Apart from Except for 表示原因/缘由： be due to be attibuted to be accounted for be a consequence of stem from表示定义/命名： be named be called be denoted by be known as be defined as be referred to引出设问句（不能直接使用设问句）： It is uncertain/unclear It has not been determined It is necessary to consider The question remains Current studies provide little information on We need to know/consider There is some question as to Another issue raised by this study is 指出问题所在： This system/process/idea has its problems. There remains the issue of reliability. This model has some serious liminations. Few solutions have been found to Little progress has been made in The problem remains as to how Researchers still have to find a way to 引出解决方案： Solutions to this problem are now widely discussed. One remedy is to One method to address this difficulty is to There are two possible ways of handling this problem. The first The second Several options are available to address this obstacle. However, the best one seems to be A radically different design/model is needed to overcome this limitation. Recently, researchers have made significant progress in overcoming this difficulty by 引出中心话题： Recently, there has been growing interest in The possibility of has generated wide interest in The development of is a classic problem in The development of has led to the hope that The has become a favorite topic for analysis Knowledge of has great importance for The study of has become an important aspect of A central issue in is (The) has been extensively studied in recent years. Many investigators have recently turned to The relationship between and has been investigated by many researchers. Many recent studies have focused on 表达相似之处： Similarly, Likewise, In the same fashion, As in X, in Y Like X, Y The same X is similar/comparable to Y X resemble Y X correspond to Y表达不同之处或比较/对照： In contrast, Unlike X, Y In contrast to On the other hand, ; however, , but Whereas/While , , whereas/while X differ from Y X is different from Y X contrast with评价他人的研究/论著： 正面：useful, important, interesting, clarity, accessibility, detailed, up-to-date, insightful, significant, comprehensive, practical, successful, remarkable, impressive, elegant, scholoarly, original, perceptive, rigorous, economical 负面：inconsistent, restricted, misleading, thin, anecdotal, sloppy总结： Overall, In general, On the whole, In the main, With exception(s), The overall results indicate The results indicate, overall, that 指出本研究的局限： It should be noted that this study has been primarily concerned with This analysis has concentrated on The findings of this study are restricted to This study has addressed only the question of The limination of this study are clear: We would like to point out that we have not 指出研究结果的局限： However, the findings do not imply The results of this study cannot be taken as evidence for Unfortunately, we are unable to determine from this data The lack of means that we cannot be certain 指出本研究的意义： Notwithstanding its limitations, this study does suggest Despite its preliminary character, the research reported here would seem to indicate However exploratory, this study may offer some insight into 常用的拉丁文缩写： cf. = compare e.g. = for example et al. = and other authors etc. = and others errata = list of typographical mistakes ibid.