TEM4虚拟语气和关系代词that.doc

（附件：虚拟语气和定语从句that用法的归纳）（附件：虚拟语气和定语从句that用法的归纳）虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）虚拟语气是历年TEM4语法考点的重点，用于强调怀疑或不可能，动作只存在于讲话人想象中的“假设”，而不是当作客观事实中的真实事件。因此，当学生看到含有“怀疑/推测/愿望/假设”等意味的句子时，就要打起精神，仔细辨别。1常用“（should）+动词原形” 表虚拟语气的结构a. 表示主观判断、推测和表示命令、决定、要求、建议之类的词的相关从句中，可用于：宾语从句：He suggested that we (should) stay home.表“命令、决定、要求”等名词的同位语从句He put forward the suggestion that we (should) stay home. 上述名词的表语从句His suggestion was that we (should)stay home. 主语从句It was suggested that we (should) stay home. 例题：He left orders that nothing_touched until the police arrive here. (A)A. should be B. ought to beC. would be D. must beb. “It is +形容词+that从句”结构中这些形容词包括：appropriate, better, desirable, advisable, essential, imperative, important, natural, necessary, possible, probable, strange, urgent.e.g. It is desirable that the agreement be signed before May. 例题：It was recommended that passengers _smoke during the flight. (A)A. not B. need not C. could not D. would notc. “It is a pity / shame/no wonder/ones wish +that从句”结构中，后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should+动词原型，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等情绪。e.g. It is a great pity that you should be so conceited. It is no wonder that he should be so angry. d. 连接词“in case, lest, for fear that”引导的目的状语从句。其形式通常为：“lest (in case, for fear that) + 主语 + should + 动词原形”。Lest, for fear that 句中的 should 可以省去， in case 句中的 should 通常不省去，但是 in case 句中可以不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。Lest, for fear that后面也可以接其他形式，见例。e.g. I will not make a noise for fear that I (should/ might) disturb you.Take your coat in case it should rain/it rains. 2. “It is (high, about, the) time”中的虚拟语气“It is (high, about, the) time”中的虚拟语气中的谓语动词通常用过去式，指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该做某事而已经有些晚了”。e.g. Its about time people took notice of what women did during the war. 例题：That was not the first time he_us. I think its high time we _strong actions against him. (B)A. betrayedtake B. had betrayedtookC. has betrayedtook D. has betrayedtake 3. 让步状语从句中的虚拟语气Though, if, even if, even though, whatever,however, granted that等连接代词或副词引导的让步状语从句中可使用虚拟语气，但是主句一般用直陈语气。Though everyone desert you, I will not. We wont change our plan if the rumour be ture. NB 有时可省略连接词though或whether， 将be 置于句首，构成倒装语序的让步状语从句。All magnets behave the same, be they large or small. =All magnets behave the same, whether they are large or small. 例题：Much as_, I couldnt lend him the money because I didnt have that much spare cash. (B)A. I would like to have B. I would have liked to C. I should have to like D. I should have liked to_, Ill marry him all the same. (D)A. Was he rich or poor B. Whether rich or poorC. Were he rich or poor D. Be he rich or poor4. 与过去/现在/将来事实可能相反的虚拟语气。与过去事实相反：if从句用过去完成时，主句谓语动词用should（第一人称）或would +have done结构。We would have dropped by if we had had time. 与现在事实相反：if从句用过去式，主句用would/should （有时也用could ,might）加动词原形。If he was here, he would tell us how to do it. 与将来事实相反：if 从句用一般过去式，或were/was to do，或should 加动词原形，主句用would/should 加动词原形。e.g. If it snowed tomorrow, I should/would stay at home. （常用一般过去式）If it were to snow tomorrow, I should/would stay at home. （下雪的可能性较小）If it should snow tomorrow, I should/ would stay at home. （下雪的可能性较大）NB当if从句中含有were, had, should这三个词时，if可以省略，主谓倒装。多用于书面语。Should I ( =if I should) have time, I would call her. Were I (=if I were) you, I would take an umbrella with me. 例题：If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he_able to advise you much better than I can. (A)A. would be B. will have been C. was D. wereI was to have made a speech if _.(C)A. I was not called away B. nobody would have called me awayC. I had not been called away D. nobody called me away_if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand? (A)A. Would you be surprised B. Were you surprisedC. Had you been surprised D. Would you have been surprised NB 在该句中，条件从句表示的的动作与主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时，谓语动词的形式要根据各自表示的时间来调整，这种现象叫作错综时间虚拟语气，也称作混合虚拟语气。例：If you had taken your medicine yesterday, you would be quite all right now.如果你昨天吃了药的话，现在就已经痊愈了。(从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句则表示与现在事实相反。)35. 由表示假设的连词、介词或介词短语引出的虚拟条件句分句动词谓语：过去时，或should/would/could/might +动词原形or have done，视具体情况而定。此类连词/介词包括：but for, but that, on condition that, provided, supposing, unless, without, whethere.g.But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work.Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my support. Providing you received a million dollars, what would you do?6. 其他表示假设/愿望的特殊结构a.wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，其句型结构如下：与过去事实相反 wish that 从句的谓语动词用had done与现在事实相反 wish that 从句的谓语动词用did与将来事实相反 wish that 从句的谓语动词用would/could doe.g.I wish they would change the menu.I wish I hadnt spent so much money.同样地，在as if/as though引导的宾语从句中和以if only引导的带有感叹色彩的虚拟语气句子中，谓语动词与wish引导的宾语从句中的虚拟形式相同。e.g. If only the weather were finer!b.由if only 引导的虚拟语气与过去事实相反 if only 谓语动词用had done与现在事实相反 if only 谓语动词用dide.g.If only she had asked someones advice! c.由as if/as though 引导的虚拟语气与过去事实相反 as if/as though谓语动词用had done与现在事实相反 as if/as though谓语动词用dide.g.He talks about Rome as if he had been there himself. He orders me as though I were his wife. 定语从句难点选析定语从句中只能使用关系代词that的情况：1当先行词为不定代词anything, everything, nothing, any, little, one, few, much, all, none等时。There isnt much that I can do. He is one of the few that can work it out in five minutes. 2. 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。The book is the best that I have read. This is the biggest laboratory that we have ever built in our university.3. 当先行词是序数词或其被序数词修饰时。It is the third one that Ive bought. This is the first place that Ive ever visited. 4. 当先行词被the very, the only等词修饰时。Is this the very museum that you visited the other day? This is the only book that I need at present. 5. 当先行词包含了人和事物两方面的含义时。They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 6. 当先行词被same修饰，且指“同一物品”时。She is wearing the same dress that she wore y