2015冠词.doc

【考点诠释】 冠词是历年高考的常考点。主要考查冠词在具体语境中的运用，考查内容包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别，名词前不用冠词的情况，特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。 考点1 不定冠词的用法 1指人或事物的某一类，这是不定冠词的基本用法 A car runs faster than a truck 2表示数量“一个”，但一般不能与one互换 Rome was not built in a day 3指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物 A Mr Li is waiting for you outside(不知道那位李先生是谁) 4用于表示次数、速度、价格等意义的名词前，表示“每一” He goes home to see his parents once a month He can gain five yuan an hour in the shop 5表示三餐的名词前有形容词修饰时，用不定冠词 I only want a small supper because of cold People usually have quite a good dinner on festivals.6有时在序数词前加不定冠词，表示“再又” She invited him to come to the party a second time Then a third boy came to join US 7有些物质名词以及抽象名词具体化时，可用不定冠词 a paper一份报纸；a tea一杯茶；a beauty一个美人；a surprise一件意想不到的事；a pity一件遗憾的事；an honor一个(件)光荣的人(事) 8不定冠词还可以用于“a most+adj+n”结构，注意在此结构中没有表示可比较的范围状语，“most”相当于“very” Xiamen is a most beautiful coastal city and Ill come for a second time厦门是个非常美丽的海滨城市，我还要再来一次。 9不定冠词还可以用于“a+比较级+名词”结构，与否定词连用时，表示“从来没有比这更”，具有最高级含义 I have never spent a more worrying day我从未有过比这更烦人的一天。 10用于短语搭配中 (1)“have/take+a(n)+与动词同形的名词”，表示动作的一次。如： have/take a rest have/take a look have/take a bath (2)“go out for a(n)+名词”，表示从事某项活动。如：go out for a picnic去野餐 (3)用于习惯搭配中。如： come to an end结束；drop sb a line给某人写信；at a disadvantage处于不利地位；in a way从一方面说；in a word总之；in a sense就某种意义来说；with a view to为了，鉴于。 考点2：定冠词的用法1特指某(些)人或某(些)事物，这是定冠词的基本用法 The books on the desk were published last month The factory I mentioned has installed a new assembly line We were all lost in the beauty of nature我们都被大自然的美所陶醉。 2再次提到前面已出现的人或事物，表示特指 He told us a story，but I was not interested in the story 3指谈话双方都知道的人或事物 。 We went to the station to see the manager off 4用在某些可数名词单数前，用来指事物的整体(总称)以将其与其他事物区别开来 The telephone was invented by Bell The elephant is much stronger than the horse 5用在表示某国人的名词前 the Chinese；the French；the English；the Spanish；the Japanese。 6某些形容词或分词前加定冠词the表示一类人(表示复数)the homeless；the rich富人；the poor穷人；the blind盲人；the old；the young；the strong； the weak弱者；the sick；the wounded; The living. 7在序数词前要加定冠词the(有时在序数词前加不定冠词，表示“再”“又”) She lives on the twelfth floor8在形容词最高级及形容词only(唯一的)，very(正是那个)，same(同样的)等前加定冠词the This is the most interesting film I have ever seen He must be the only student who has ever been to the city in our class Thats the very thing Ive been looking for那正是我要找的东西。 9在表示一些独一无二的东西的名词前要用定冠词the the earth；the moon；the sun；the sky；the universe；the world；the air；the ground。 It is the east，and Juliet is the sun那是东方，而朱丽叶就是太阳。 10用于时间、重量等单位名词之前，表示每一个单位 The boat is hired by the hour小船按小时出租。 There are two or three apples to the pound每磅有两三个苹果。 11在表示方位、方向的名词前用定冠词the in the east/south/west/north；on the right/left。 12在表江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠、海峡、海湾等专有名词前，要用定冠词the the Yellow River；the Rhine莱茵河；the Pacific；the Red Sea；the Himalayas；the British Isles不列颠群岛；the Taiwan Strait台湾海峡；the Sahara Desert撒哈拉沙漠。 13用在逢“十”的数词前，指世纪的某个年代 in the 1980s/1980s在20世纪80年代。14西洋乐器名称前用定冠词the She plays the piano best in her class 15在姓氏的复数形式前加定冠词the表示“一家” the Browns；the Lis。 16用在“动词+sb+介词+the+表身体部位的名词”这一固定结构中 hit sb in the face； take sb by the arm/hand； pat sb on the shoulder； hit sb on the head.特别提示：在该结构中，不能用物主代词替代定冠词，常用于该结构的动词有pat，strike，beat，hit，catch，put，take等。 17在短语搭配中 in the end最后；come to the point谈到正题；on the contrary相反；in the morning；in the distance在远处；in the water；on：the subject of关于的主题；on the air在广播。 考点3 不用冠词的情况 1可数名词复数表示泛指时，以及抽象名词和物质名词表示一般概念时 Where theres smoke，theres fire谚无风不起浪。 Many hands make light work谚人多好做事。 2三餐、球类运动、娱乐名称、节日、星期、月份和日期前一般不用冠词，表季节的名词前用不用the意思没有区别 play football/basketball/volleyball；play chess/cards；New Years Day元旦(“the Spring Festival春节”例外)。 He had nothing for breakfast this morning 特别提示 有时在星期、月份和日期前加不定冠词，表示泛指。如：on a Monday；a very wet April。 3在学科、语言、称呼语、大部分疾病名称或表头衔的名词前，不用冠词I think physics is more interesting than maths Whats the matter，Granny? Cancer is a terrible disease 4在turn(作“变成”解)后作表语的名词前，不用冠词 He has turned doctor 5在as，though引导的倒装分句中，名词前不用冠词Child as/though Tom is，you cant fool him 6在专有名词(洲名、人名、城市名、街道名、港口名、航空站名、火车站名、公园名、机关名及院校名)之前，一般不用冠词 Asia；Mary；Shanghai；Wall Street；Pearl Harbor珍珠港；Beihai Park；Beijing University。 7在一些固定短语中，名词前不用冠词 at night；at home；day after day ；by telephone；in danger；on purpose。 考点4 有无冠词，意义不同 by day在白天 by the day按天计算 in case of以防 in the case of就来说 in charge of负责，管理 in the charge of由负责in office执政 in the office在办公室 in sight(of)看见 in the sight(of)在看来 go to sea去当水手 go to the sea到海边去 out of question毫无疑问 out of the question不可能 take advice征求意见take the advice听从劝告 be of age成年 be of the age同龄 go to church去做礼拜 go to the church去教堂 in prison坐牢 in the prison在监狱 特别提示 当地点名词表示地点时，其前用定冠词；表示在这一地点所发生的活动时，其前不加冠词。如He went to the bed and fetched me a magazine before he went to bed, 典例：George couldnt remember when he first met MrAnderson，but he was sure it was _Sunday because everybody was at church A/；the Bthe；/ Ca；/ D/；a 典型陷阱题分析 1. “Do you know _ English for 帅哥?” “Im afraid I dont. Im not interested in _ English language.” A. the, the B. the, 不填 C. 不填, the D. 不填, 不填 (1) 当语言名词表特指意义，其前可用定冠词。如： The English spoken in America and Canada is a little different from that spoken in England. (2) 当语言名词表示某一语言中的对应词时，其前要用定冠词。如： Whats the English for this? (3) 当在语言名词后加上 language一词时，也要用冠词。如：There have been many changes in the history of the English language. 2. I couldnt remember the exact date of the storm, but I knew it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ church. A. a, the B. a, 不填 C. 不填, a D. 不填, 不填 He came on the Sunday and went away on the Monday. My birthday happened to be on a Saturday. 3. Which person do you refer to, the one with _ long hair or the one with _ long beard? A. a, a B. 不填，不填 C. a, 不填 D. 不填，a He has gray hairs. 他有几根白发了。 He has gray hair. 他满头白发了。 而beard 则通常只用作可数名词，且指的是一个人所有的胡须，而不是指一根胡须，它的复数形式，通常是指多个人的胡须，而不是指多根胡须，如：He no longer wears a beard. Not all men grow beards. 4. I once watched _ one-act play, which was played by _ 11-year-old boy. A. a, a B. an, an C. a, an D. an, a (1) Before he was arrested, he had taken _ one-month holiday, and stayed in the country with _ 18-year-old girl, one of his students. A. a, a B. an, an C. a, an D. an, a (2) We hired _ one-eyed man to play in our film, and we gave him _ 100-pound check for just one minute. A. a, an B. an, a C. a, a D. an, an 5. “Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning.” “Is it _ black one? I think