unit 6 名词性从句.doc

Translating Skills Practice名词性从句的翻译Noun Clauses在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句（Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，因此名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。1 名词性that-从句的翻译 That 只起连接主句和从句的作用，本身没有词意，翻译时只译出从句的意义即可。例如：That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气。John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有人感到不安。 that-从句作主语通常用it 作先行词，而将that-从句置于末端。 用it 作先行词结构的翻译：1） It is +名词+从句It is a fact that事实是; It is an honor that 非常荣幸；It is common knowledge that 是常识2） It is +形容词+从句It is natural that 很自然； It is strange that .奇怪的是3） It is +不及物动词+从句It seems that 似乎; It happened that 碰巧4） It is +过去分词+从句It is reported that 据报道; It has been proved that 已证实 2 名词性wh-从句的翻译Wh-词包括who , whom , whose , whoever , what , whatever , which , whichever等连接代词和where , when , how , why 等连接副词。翻译时既可译出这些连接词语的疑问含义，又常按其实际所指变通译成“的东西”、“的地方”、“的时间”、“的原因”等。例如：How the book will sell depends an its author.这本书销售如何取决于它的作者。In ones own home one can do what ones likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。The club will give whoever wins a prize.俱乐部将给得胜者发奖。My question is who will take over presidency of the Foundation.我的问题时谁将接任该基金会的主席职位。She will name him whatever she wants to.她高兴给他起什么名字就起什么名字。I have no idea when he will return.我不知都他什么时候回来。Im not sure why she refused their invitation.我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。That depends on where we shall go.那取决与我们去哪儿。Wh-从句主语也常用先行词it 做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如：It is not yet decided who do that job.还没决定谁做这项工作。It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。 wh-从句常用结构的翻译：What you need is 你需要的（东西）是How +从句+is up to you. 的方法/途径由你决定。Where+主语+谓语+is none of your business. 什么地方与你无关。Why+主语+谓语+is a secret. 为什么还是个谜。It is not clear who 谁还不清楚。3 名词性从句否定转移的翻译1）think , believe , suppose , expect , fancy , imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到了主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。I dont think I know you.我想我并不认识你。I dont believe he will come.我相信他不会来。2）seem , appear 等后的从句的否定，转移到了前面。It doesnt seem that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪里去。It doesnt appear that well have a sunny day tomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。3）有时整个从句的否定，转变为对谓语动词的否定。Its not a palace where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。Translate the following sentences into Chinese, paying attention to the noun clauses.1 It was essential that application forms should be sent back before the deadline.2 What the man said under oath was disputed by several other witnesses.3 What is remarkable about history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same.4 It is reported that most adopted children want to know who their natural parents are.5 Thats why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.6The time of the day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak.7 The fact is that the energy crisis has been with us for a long time now, and will be with us for an even longer time. 8 That is why it has even been suggested that the present speed limits should be done away with complete