grammar week 8——广外高翻本科大三高级英语ppt.doc

Grammar and Vocabulary Week 8 Focus: Vocabulary:Word formation exercises English grammara. Comparatives and superlativesb. Parts of speechc. tenses 练习五、解释下列词语的构成。1) T-square, I-column, A-bedplate, D-valve, C-network, M-wing, X ray, L-electron, N-region。丁字尺，工字柱，A形底座，D刑阀，C形网络，M形机翼，L 电子，L层电子(原子核外第二层的电子)，N区(电子剩余区，即电子导电区)2) nylon, Dacron, Kevlar, Teflon, Aleve, Lubriderm, Frigidaire, Kleenex nylon:尼龙word invented on the pattern of cotton and rayonDacron:涤纶；的确良凯夫拉尔纤维，特氟隆（不粘锅）；露比丽登（润肤乳）；弗里吉戴尔电冰箱 /北极冰箱；舒洁纸巾3) Medicaid, botel，urinalysis, acetal，chloral, phospham，guestimate, spamouflage, gravisphere, comsatSpam + camouflage（美国）医疗补助计划；汽艇游客旅馆；验尿；乙缩醛(acetic acid + al from alcohol)；三氯乙醛(chlorine + alcohol)；磷胺(phosphor + amine )；推测；伪装垃圾邮件；引力层；通讯卫星4) ASCII, NASA, NATO, radar, sonar, modem, FORTRAN, TNT, UFO, IT, HTTP, DRAM, CPU, EDM process, bdc, tdc, A-A missilea 美国信息交换标准码（American Standard Code for Information Interchange）b 美国国家航空和宇宙航行局（National Aeronautics and Space Administration）c 北大西洋公约组织（North Atlantic Treaty Organization）d Radio Detection and Ranginge Sound Navigation & Rangingf Modulator-Demodulator (digital/computer interface to analog telephone line)g Formula Translation/Translatorh Turner Network Television (cable TV station)i Unidentified Flying Object j information technologyk 超文本传输协议（Hyper Text Transport Protocol）l 动态随机存取存储器（Dynamic Random Access Memory）m 中央处理机（Central Processing Unit） n 放电加工/电火花加工（Electric Discharge Machining）o bottom dead centerp top dead centerq air-to-air missileWhat animals are they?A liger；a tigon; a zonkey; a wholphin ( wolphin); a grizzlar (bear)Comparatives and superlativesStudy the following sentences and translate the comparatives or superlatives therein.1. The beavers do it by gnawing all round the trunk, as high up from the ground as they can reach. 河狸伐木的方法是围着它们所够得着的最高部位的树于不停地啃。2. Of the various Europeans who came to lend the British colonies a hand in their struggle for independence, no one is as well remembered as the Marquis de Lafayette. 在所有帮助过英国殖民地人民争取独立斗争的欧洲人中，最令人怀念的莫过于德.拉法夷特侯爵。3. Nothing is more important than the signal sent to Moscow by the Presidents action 总统行动给莫斯科送去的信号才是最重要的。4. Even though the United States produces more automobiles than any other country, it still imports large numbers of autos from Germany, Japan and Sweden, primarily because there is a market for them in the United States.尽管美国的汽车产量居世界首位，但它仍从德国、日本和瑞典进口大量汽车，这主要是因为美国市场上有这种需求。 5. He was as covetous as cruel.此人不但残酷无情而且十分贪婪。6. The military were as dangerous as they were ridiculous. 这些军人既荒唐可笑又危险得很。7. Careful observation is needed in everything; you must use your own eyes as well as the observation of others. 对每件事情都需要作过细的观察，既要利用别人观察所得，又要使用自己的眼睛。8. Poland has another natural source of wealth as well as her mineral resources. This is her timber. 波兰除了矿物资源外，还有另一种自然资源，那就是木材。9. There are even chronobiologists working for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, as well as for the National Institute of Health and other government laboratories.甚至还有一些计时生物学家，他们除了为国立卫生研究所和其他的政府实验室工作外，同时也为国家航空和航天局服务。10. I suspect more than a few men have encountered the same dilemma, although under different circumstances.我估计，尽管场合各有不同，我们中间不止一两个人曾经遇到这样的窘境。11. Our air force has more than held its own. 我们的空军不只是打了个平手，而且还占了上风。12. The school possessed the biggest swimming-bath I had ever seen. It was more like the bend of a river than a bath, and it had two bridges across it. 这个学校拥有一个我从未见过的极大的游泳池。其实，与其说是游泳池，倒不如说象是一条河弯，而且还有两座桥横跨在上面哩。13. Many difficulties in the country were due less to any ideological reasons than to nationalistic feelings.那个国家的许多纠纷与其说是由于意识形态原因造成的，不如说是由于民族主义感情造成的。 no more than 可以表示“仅仅”，“只是”。No more A than B可以表示“既不是B， 也不是A”， “A 和B 都不是”14. Of himself Picasso said, “My whole life as an artist has been nothing more than a continuous struggle against reaction and the death of art.”谈到自己，毕加索说:作为一个艺术家，我终生从事的，不外乎是对反动势力和死气沉沉的艺术进行坚持不懈的斗争。15. Moreover, this group solidly held that no other operation could do more than peck at the outer perimeter of the German defense.这个小组还坚持认为，此外的任何军事行动只能是在德国防御的外围进行一点敲敲打打而已。16. A man has no more right to say an uncivil thing than to act one. 说粗野的话，做粗野的事，都是不应该的。17. It is not easy to impart knowledge any more than it is to acquire knowledge.获取知识不容易，传授知识也不容易。more/lessthan, not so muchas也都可以表示“与其说。不如说。”18. Miss Hunter is more snobbish than haughty.亨特小姐与其说是高傲，不如说是势利。19. He is an expert more in name than in reality. 他这个专家有其名而无其实。20. In the middle of the 19th century, the people of the USA were still predominantly “Anglo-Saxon”, but even before the flood of non “Anglo-Saxon” immigrations, the Americans were already far more American than they were British. 19世纪中叶，美国人口中“盎格鲁撤克逊人”仍然占绝大多数，但是即使在非“盎格鲁.撒克逊”移民涌入美国之前，早先移居美国的“盎格鲁，撤克逊”族与其说是英国人，还不如说他们早就成了美国人。(注意the Americans一词的处理)21. I was less angry than shocked.我与其说是生气，不如说感到震惊。22. Hitlers mistakes gave Roosevelt the victory; just as at Waterloo it was less Wellington who won than Napoleon who lost. 希特勒犯了错误使罗斯福获胜，正如滑铁卢一战，与其说是威灵顿打赢了，不如说是拿破仑打败了。23. It was not so much her appearance he liked as her character. 与其说他喜欢她的外表，不如说他喜欢她的性格。24. Both KGB and CIA operated clandestinely concealing their activities not so much from the “opposition” as from their own peoples.克格勃和中央情报局都从事秘密活动，与其说不让对方知道，毋宁说不让本国人民知道。25. A politician who endeavors to honor his word is to be applaudedbut no more than one who, facing the realities of a dangerous world, is prepared to delay fulfillment of just one of dozens of campaign slogans. 一位政治家努力信守诺言固然值得我们称赞一但是如果一位政治家面对着世界上危机四伏的现实，准备把众多的竞选口号中的某一个推迟实行，他同样值得大家称赞。26. Austria is more than anxious to form a Balkan Confederation in which her influence would predominate.奥地利极其渴望成立一个由它占统治地位的巴尔干联盟。27. The average citizen, with his eyes glued to the “box”, has only the vaguest idea what an ambassador does.一般民众老是盯着电视机，但他们对一个大使的工作情况还是只能得到一点极为肤浅的印象28. Within a few hundred yards of it we find most of Londons best-known theatres and cinemas, the most famous and the most luxurious nightclubs.在广场几百米以内的地方，我们可以看到伦敦大多数大名鼎鼎的剧场和影院，享有盛誉的餐馆酒家以及奢华无比的夜总会。(best-known大名鼎鼎，most famous享有盛誉，most luxurious奢华无比) 29. Franz Hallberg, a young European scientist working in the United States, noticed that the number of white blood cells in laboratory mice was dramatically higher and lower at different times of the day.一位在美国工作的罕轻的欧洲科学家弗兰茨.哈尔伯格曾注意到。实验室的小白鼠的白血球数目的多寡在每天的不同时间里有显著的差别。(was higher and lower有差别)词性的判断1. But, whether the law of competition be benign or not, we cannot evade it; of the effect of any substitute for it proposed we cannot be sure.A 但是，不管这个法则是好是坏，我们都无法回避它，因为它建议我们不敢肯定对新的替代它的东西的作用B 但是，不管这个法则是好是坏，我们都无法回避它，对任何建议代替它的新东西，其作用我们是不敢肯定的。2. The reactionary strength thus developed, however, carried with it the seeds of its own disintegration.A 反动力量就这样发展起来了，然而其内部就具有四分五裂的因素。B 然而，这样发展起来的反动力量，在其内部就具有四分五裂的因素3. Great lorries with a double cargo of cars for export lumber past Magdalen and the University Church.A 大型货运卡车拖着装载出口木材的双层货架挂车驾驶过了马德林和大学教堂。B 满载着出口汽车的双层大型卡车在马德林学院和大学教堂旁隆隆驶过。4. When a complicated word processor attempts to double as a desktop publishing program or a kitchen appliance comes with half a dozen attachments, the product is bound to be unwieldy and burdensome.如果一台复杂的文字处理机想兼有台式出版系统的功能，或一台厨房用具配有六种附件，那么这种产品就必然笨重累赘。5. WE THE PEOPLES OF THE UNITED NATIONS DETERMINED to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, AND FOR THESE ENDS to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbors, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples,HAVE RESOLVED TO COMBINE OUR EFFORTS TO ACCOMPLISH THESE AIMS.u Hidden meaning1) (Red-light running has always been ranked as a minor wrong, and so it may be in individual instances.) When the violation becomes habitual, widespread and incessant, however, a great deal more than a traffic management problem is involved.然而，违反交通规则一旦形成习惯，成为普遍经常性的东西则问题远非是交通管理而已。2) There is still prejudice and even some hatred, but in most walks of American life there are now more blacks than ever before.对黑人的偏见，甚至于某种仇视都依然存在，但是在美国大多数行业，今天黑人的人数比以往任何时候都要多。3) Although no longer slaves after the Civil War, American blacks took no significant part in the life of White America except as servants and laborers.美国黑人虽然在南北战争以后不再是奴隶，但是他们在白人统治下的美国社会生活中依然无足轻重，只不过当仆佣和劳工而已。4) Advertising campaigns have, however, promoted a growing realization of the advantages of these small plasti