外研社必修三module4.doc

必修三module 4知识点讲解讲义【内容讲解】1massn.团，块，堆；大量，许多adj.大批的，大量的，广泛的vt. & vi.集结；聚集误区警示：masses of可用来修饰可数名词，也可用来修饰不可数名词。知识链接：下列短语都有“许多的，大量的”之意，可修饰可数或不可数名词：lots ofa lot of quantities ofa quantity of varieties ofa variety ofcollections ofa collection of supplies ofa (good) supply of plenty ofeg. a mass of snowThe sky was full of dark masses of clouds.2concerned adj.关心的；有关的(常用于名词之后)；挂念的；担心的精讲拓展：concerning prep.关于be concerned in sth.涉及be concerned with sth. 关于；有关so/as far as sth. /sb. be concerned 据所知have no concern for 毫不关心have no concern with 和毫无关系concern vt.涉及，关系到n.(利害)关系，关心be much concerned about 十分挂念；担心；焦虑误区警示：concerned表示“关心的，有关的”时常作后置定语或表语。Everyone concerned in the incident was questioned by the police.命题方向：concerning，as/so far as sb./sth. be concerned是重要考点。3urgent adj.紧急的，迫切的；非常重要的They were urgent in their demand.She was urgent for the doctor to come.精讲拓展：urge vt.推进，极力主张；催促，激励urgency n紧急，迫切urge sb.to do.敦促某人做 urge sb. into doing.敦促某人做 urge sb. against强烈反对be in urgent need of急需4evidence n根据，证明( 同义词：obvious, apparent)There is evidence that somebody has been living here.evident adj.明白的，明显的be in evidence 明显，显而易见It is evident that 很明显注意：evidence指有助于证明某事确实存在的任何事物，或与法律诉讼有关的物证,见证。proof指直接证明某事是事实的根据。witness亲眼见过某事的证人或提供的见证。误区警示：evidence是不可数名词。6strength n体力，力气；意志力；强点；坚强精讲拓展：have the strength to do有做的力气/意志力with all ones strength用尽全身的力气in strength大批地，大量地误区警示：strength表示“体力；力气；意志力；坚强”时，为不可数名词；但表示“强点，优势，长处”时是可数名词。词语辨析：strength，force，power与energystrength着重指人的体力或坚强的意志力。force指物理学上的“力”也指为做某事而使用的力量，还可指武力。power指能力、权力、着重行动所根据的能力、本领或职权。energy主要指人的精力，或自然界中物理学定义中的“能，能量”。命题方向：strength常与force, power等以词语辩析题的形式出现在高考中。7cut down砍倒，削减，驳倒，改小或缩短(衣服)Many big trees along the road have been cut down for building houses.cut out 剪除；切掉；割掉cut up 切碎；使伤心cut off 切断，停掉，隔绝cut across/through 抄近路穿过cut in 插入，插嘴cut open切开或破开某物You smoke too muchyou should try to cut down.8give out发生(光、热、声音、气体等)；分发，发布；公布；耗尽；用完，用尽精讲拓展：give away 背弃，出卖，泄露(秘密)，暴露give back 归还；送回；报复give over 中止，停止做；交给/付，移交give forth 发/放出(声音、气味等)；发表，公布give in (to) 屈服，投降，退让give off (散)发出(蒸气)，发散(光线)give up 放弃，停/中止；让/交给；投降，认输，泄气give rise to 引起，使发生；造成give way让路，让步give way to 给让路/让步；被代替误区警示：表示“用光，用尽”时，give out, run out 是不及物动词短语，不可用于被动结构，也不接宾语。use up, run out of 是及物动词短语，可接宾语。9if possible 如果可能的话精讲拓展：固定短语，意义“如果可能的话”，常在句中作插入语，起补充说明的作用。I want to avoid the rush hour traffic if possible.if possible 是 if it is possible 的省略形式。在 if, when，while, once，whether, unless等引导的从句中如果含有系动词be的某种形式，从句的主语与主句主语一致或从句的主语是 it 时，从句的主语和系动词 be 可以省略。 if 引导省略的情况有下列几种：if any 如果有的话if necessary 需要的话if so 如果是这样的话if ever 如果曾经有的话if not不这样的话10I couldnt agree with you more.我再同意你的观点不过了。(1)表示同意的表达法常见的有：Certainly. /Sure. /Of course. 当然可以。 No problem.没问题。Yes，please，可以，请(做)吧。 Yes，I think so.对，我认为是这样。 All right./OK.行，可以。(2)表示不同意的看法的表达法常见的有：No way.没门。 Of course not.当然不。 I dont agree.我不同意。 I dont think so.我不这么想。 Im afraid not.恐怕不是。 Im afraid I (really) cant agree with you.课堂练习：1. The moment I began to speak, he _, which made me annoyed with him.A cut off B. cut up C. cut in D. cut down2. Mum, when our dad feels the urge for a cigarette, tell him try not to _ to it.A give back B. give in C. give away D. give off3. All of us feel surprised that _ a little boy can eat _ much food.A such; so B. so; so C. such; such D. so; such4. Why does the lake smell terrible?Because large quantities of water_.A have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been polluted 5. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area_.A need repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairing D. need to repair 必修三module 5知识点讲解1equal adj.相等的，均等的 n.相等的事物(或数量)vt.等于equally adv.同样地；相等地equality n相等；平等；同等equalize vt.使相等；使平等be the equal of ones words 说到做到be without equal 无比；无敌be equal to sth./doing sth.等于；能胜任be equal with 与平等Eg.In my opinion，no search engine can equal Baidu in search scopes and speed.2order n秩序，次序，顺序；命令，定购，订单 vt.命令，定购，定制out of order 不整齐in order 情况良好，整齐in order that.为了，目的在于in order to 为了(做某事)，以便(做某事)order that.(should)动词原形误区警示：in/out of order，in order that./to do 短语中 order 前用零冠词。The mayor ordered that the free food be distributed.They are siad to have ordered more grain from Canada. 3. contribution n贡献, 稿件contribute vt.& vi.捐赠，贡献，有助于make contributions to (doing) sth.对(做)某事做出贡献contribute (sth.)to/towards sth.向捐赠，向投稿contribute to sth.促成某事物误区警示：contribute sth. to sth.指“向捐赠/投稿”，而 contribute to sth.指“促成”，且 to 均为介词。Alcohol contributes to 100,000 deaths a year in the US，according to a report.4. condition n条件，情形，环境，on no condition 一点也不，绝不in condition 身体好out of condition 身体不适on coondition that 只要，条件是误区警示：condition 表示“状况”时为不可数名词，而表示“条件”时是可数名词。You can use the bicyle on condition that you return it on time.Do more exercises or you will be out of condotion.7bring up 抚养；呕吐；提出；使提高/升高bring about 引起，导致，造成bring down 降低；减少；打垮，击败bring in 获利bring out 生产；制造bring to an end 停止，结束bring back 恢复， 记起，带回来误区警示：bring up 中的 up 为副词，其后跟的宾语如果是代词，应放在两词中间。Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.Science has brought about many changes in our lives.Tha company is bringing out a new sports car.8in conclusion 总之；总而言之reach/ draw / arrive at/ come to a conclusion 得出结论；下结论conclude v结束；下结论；推断conclude thatdraw a conclusion that 下结论conclude with 随着. 结束The concert concluded with the National Anthem.Grammar一：用于这种情况的关系代词一般为which 和whom. 在这种结构中，介词的选择非常关键，可以遵循以下四个原则：1. 根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词， 其动词与介词搭配，构成动词短语。Is this the car for which you paid a high price?The man with whom you shook hands just now is our English teacher.2. 根据定语从句中作表语的形容词确定介词， 其形容词与介词搭配， 构成形容词短语。The two things about which Carl Marx was not sure were theGrammar and some of the idioms.3. 根据定语从句修饰的先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词， 它们与介词之间有一定的联系。 当“介词+关系代词”在定语从句中充当时间、地地点、原因状语时，分别用when , where , why替换。Ill never forget the day on which(when) I joined the army.The factory in which(where) his father works is far away from my hometown.I dont know the reason for which(why) he was late for school.This is the camera with which he often takes photos.4. 根据句子的意思确定介词。 有些句子， 先行词完全一样，定语从句中谓语动词不是由固定的动词短语构成的， 这时，要根据句子所表达的意思，选用不同的介词。This is the pilot for whom my brother has worked for ten years.This is the man by whom my son was saved. 二： 从句介词若与从句中的谓语动词有关， 课前置于关系代词前，也可置于从句谓语动词后，但若此介词与动词组成固定短语，则此介词一般不前置。Yesterday we paid a visit to the house in which Lu Xun lived.This is the very pen that Im looking for.三：表示所属关系时，介词应用of, 关系代词为which/ whom, 即“ n. +of+ which/ whom”, 可转化为”whose+n. “He lives in a room, the window of which faces west.His child was saved by a man, the name of whom was not known.随堂练习：1. There was _ time_ I hated to go to school.A a; at B. a; when C. that; that D. the; when2. The meeting, _ he was absent, is _.A which; important B. from which; of great importanceC. that; important D. from which; of great important3. the old lady had one son and two daughters, _ treated her well, _ made her very sad.A none of whom; which B. neither of them; it C. none of them; it D. no one of whom; as4. It was in the stone house_ was built as a school by local villagers _ the boy finished his primary school.A which; that B. that; where C. which; that D. that; which5. Good ads often use words _ people attach positive meanings.A in which B. to which C. which D. that6. The Brazilian novel The Alchemist is said _into over twelve languages by the end of last year.A to be translated B. being translated C. having been translated D. to have been translated7. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm.A grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow8. _ many times, he finally understood it.A Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told9. Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time.A of which B. with which C. about which D. into which10. Did Jack take the doctors advice that he _ in bed for a couple of days. If only he _ A lies; does B. lie; had C. must lie; would D. lay; did11. The boy looked to the right and left, _ what to do.A not to know B. didnt know C. not knowing D. not being known12. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _ New York is an example.A for which B. in which C. of which D. from which13. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose.A with which B. to which C. of which D. for which 14. Of the 2, 000 stock investors _ last month,90% was found _ in financial knowl