中考语法复习要点(名词代词冠词).doc

中考语法复习要点（一） 名 词考点1：不可数名词不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，它们不能直接和表示数字的词或不定冠词连用，也没有复数形式。如：air，time，money，paper，news，traffic，information，advice，weather，homework，work等。它们常可以借助数量词来表示一定的数量。如：a piece of news（一则新闻）、two bottles of water（两瓶水）、four pieces of advice（四条建议）、six pieces of paper（六张纸）不可数名词应注意以下几点：（1）前无数、冠，后无复数；作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数（2）表量用约数some /any ; much ; a lot of 或用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”There is_bread on the table CAa Bone Ca piece of DmanyThere is some_on the plate BAapple Bfish Cmilks Ddeer考点2：专有名词用于表示事物、人物、地点、组织或国家等名称的词。如：China，The Great Wall，Uncle Li， Lucy考点3：可数名词单数变为复数的几条规律1一般直接加sgirlgirls mapmaps deskdesks2以_s，_x，_sh，_ch结尾的单词常在词尾加 esbusbuses glassglasses boxboxes brushbrushes watchwatches matchmatches3以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i再加esstorystories babybabies country countries，partyparties citycities family families但是以元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数。如boys、monkeys、holidays等。4以o结尾的词变复数。加es，如：黑人（negro）英雄（hero）西红柿（tomato）和土豆（potato）复数加（es）Negroes and heroes like eating tomatoes and potatoes（黑人和英雄喜欢吃西红柿和土豆。）结尾是两个元音字母的加s，egzoozoos，radioradios某些外来词变复数时词尾加s，egpianopianos一些名词的缩写形式变复数时，词尾加s，egphoto（photograph）photos，kilo（kilogram）kiloszero变复数时，既可加s，也可加es ：zeroszeroes5将词尾f（e）变为ves的单词熟记口诀。树叶（leaf）半数（half）自己（self）黄，妻子（wife）拿刀（knife）上山岗，架（shelf）后窜出一只狼（wolf），好像强盗（thief）逃命（life）忙。（注意：roof的复数为roofs；scarf的复数为scarfsscarves）6单数名词变复数的不规则变化：child childrenfoot feettooth teethgoose geeseman menwoman womenpoliceman policemenmouse mice7还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。sheep，deer，fish8另一些名词本身即是复数形式，不可用作单数。people，police，trousers，pants，clothes，scissors等9两个名词组成的名词词组常在最后一个名词加s：girl students twin sisters apple trees 但如果前面名词是man或woman时两个名词都变woman doctorwomen doctorsman workermen workers10表示民族的单复数常有下列三种变化：单复数相同：ChineseChinese Japanese Japanese将man变为menEnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchman Frenchmen其余在后面+sGermanGermans AmericanAmericans IndianIndians AustralianAustralians CanadianCanadians 11既可做可数名词也可做不可数名词：单词可数不可数单词可数不可数glass玻璃杯玻璃paper报纸，试卷纸room房间空间chicken小鸡鸡肉fish鱼鱼肉orange桔子桔子汁考点4：名词所有格：1s结构：在英语中，有生命事物的名词以及表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词，常在词尾加“s”来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格。如：my fathers car我父亲的汽车、students book学生用书。名词所有格的构成规则如下： 直接在词尾后加“s”，如：the girl s backpack，todays newspaper，Toms bike， someone elses book， mens room，Childrens Day， Womens Day 以s结尾的名词只须加“ ”。如：the teachers office，the students reading-room，the workers club，Teachers Day 并列名词的所有格要格外小心。如：Lily and Lucys room（两人共有一个房间）Lilys and Lucys rooms（每人分别占有一个房间）表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词，加“s”构成所有格。如：fifteen minutes walk步行十五分钟的路程the worlds population世界人口注意：表示某人的家和店铺或教堂的名字时，名词所有格的后面经常不出现它所修饰的词。如：at Li Leis在李雷的家at the doctors在医务室2of结构：一些无生命的名词的所有格，可用of短语来表达。如：the title of the text（课文的标题） the foot of the hill（山脚）3双重所有格结构：即s结构和of结构相结合。如：a friend of my fathers我父亲的一个朋友 a car of MrsBrowns布朗太太的一辆车a student of Toms mothers Tom的妈妈的一个学生注意：the answer to the question问题的答案the key to the door门的钥匙中考接链（ ）1_mothers both work in the same hospital（08广东）ATim and Peters BTims and Peter CTims and Peters DTim and Peter（ ）2_that new bike over there? I think its_（09深圳）AWhos; SamBWhos; SamsCWhose is; SamDWhose is; Sams（ ）3Could you take_for these_?They are very beautiful（09广东）Aany photos; tomatoesBsome photos; tomatoes Csome photos; tomatos Dany photoes; tomatoes（ ）4Whats your favorite_?（09湖北襄樊）SummerBecause I can swim in the river in summerAsubjectBseason Cmusic Dsport（ ）5I am thirstyWould you bring me_，please?（03广东）Asome bread Bsome water Csome cakes Dsome eggs完形空填写出下列名词的复数形式。1bus _2glass _ 3box _4watch _5tomato _ 6radio _7photo _8zoo _9city _ 10factory _11country _ 12baby _13key _ 14boy _15life _ 16leaf _17thief _ 18Chinese _19Frenchman _20German _21Japanese _22American _ 23sheep _24foot _25tooth _ 26child_ 27mouse _ 28policeman _ 29deer _ 30goose _ 选择空填（ ）1In our school there are fiftyfive_Awomen teachersBwoman teachersCwomen teacherDwomans teacher（ ）2A group of_will visit the museum tomorrowACanadianBJapanese CAustralianDAmerican （ ）3What would you like，madam? Id like_，pleaseAtwo bottles of orangeBtwo bottles of oranges Ctwo bottle of orangesDtwo bottle of orange（ ）4Do you know how many_a horse has and how many_a bee has?Of courseI knowAteeth; footBtooth; footCfoot; teethDteeth; feet （ ）5I have got_news from my friendDo you want to know?Aa piece ofBany Ca very good Dtwo pieces（ ）6My friend Dave helped me a lot by giving me_on English learningAadvicesBmany adviceCsome adviceDmuch advice（ ）7I wont go there with you，for I have a lot of_to doAworks Bworking Cjob Dwork（ ）8He often has_for breakfastAtwo breads Btwo pieces of breads Ctwo pieces of breads Dtwo pieces of bread（ ）9There are some_in these_Aknifes; pencilboxes Bknives; pencilsboxCknives; pencilboxes Dknives; pencilsboxs（ ）10_hate_by airAGreens; travelingBThe Green; travelingCThe Greens; travelDThe Greens; traveling（ ）11I wonder why_are interested in action filmsAthe peopleBpeopleCpeoples Dthe peoples（ ）12_room is on the 5th floorALucy and Lily BLucy and LilysCLucys and LilyDLucys and Lilys（ ）13This is not my cap，but my_AbrothersBbrothersCbrothersDbrother（ ）14About_films were shown during the 5th Shanghai International Film Festival Atwo hundred ofBtwo hundreds ofCtwo hundredDtwo hundreds（ ）15He dropped the_and broke itAcup of coffeeBcoffees cupCcup of coffeeDcoffee cup（ ）16Its about_walk from my home to the parkAtwo hoursBtwo hoursCtwo hoursDtwo of hours（ ）17Will you make_with Tom？AfriendsBa friendCfriendDthe friend（ ）18This chair is made of _AwoodBwoodsCwoodenDsome woods（ ）19When MrBrown came yesterday，his family_having supperAwereBis CareDwas（ ）20The foreign teacher wants to know the_nameAchildBchildrensCchildrensDchilds（二） 代 词考点1：首先注意人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的各种形式;人称代词、物主代词、反身代词变化形式表类别人称人称代词物主代词反身代词主 格宾 格形容词性名词性第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数hehimhishishimself单数sheherherhersherself单数itititsitsitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves考点2：人称代词的主格和宾格的区别;人称代词的主格通常放在动词的前面作句子的主语;人称代词的宾格通常放在动词或介词的后面作句子的宾语。I am not good at EnglishCan you help me? He is so kind that we all like him考点3：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区别：形容词性物主代词只能作定语，修饰后面所接的名词；而名词性物主代词起着代名词的作用，后面不接名词。This is my bag，and that is yoursTheir school is much bigger than ours考点4：代词的位置：单数 you，he and I复数 we，you and they考点5：it的用法1作形式主语、形式宾语（1）_is important to get on well with themBAThatBItCyouDHe （2）I feel_useful to have sports every dayCAyouBthatCitDme2指婴儿或不明身份、性别的人（1）Who is knocking at the door?_AAIts meBIts ICI am DI knock（2）Who is that man?_must be our headmasterBAHeBItCThatDIts考点6：反身代词不做主语，可作宾语、表语及同位语，必须与被指代的人在人称和数上保持一致，意义为“本人”、“亲自”。如：The old woman often talks to herself那位老太太经常自言自语。They enjoyed themselves a lot on the school trip 学校旅行时他们玩得很高兴。反身代词的必考词组1玩的开心enjoy oneself 2随便吃help oneself to3自言自语say to oneself4苏醒come to oneself5独自地all by oneself6将某人单独留下leave one by oneself7照顾自己look after oneself8自学learn sthby oneself/teach oneself sth考点7：电话用语通常用this指代自己，that指代对方：1_Tom，who_? BAI am，are youBThis is，is thatCI am，is thatDThis is，are you2Hello，_MrGreen? CAare youByou areCis that 考点8：代词one，it，that的用法辨析1one指代同一类别中的另一个，用来代替可数名词单数，其复数形式为ones;egI dont like the shirtCan you show me another one?2it指代同一个人或物，代替单数可数名词或不可数名词;egDo you like the red pen?Yes，I like it very muchthat指代同一类别中的另一个，可用来代替不可数名词，指代可数名词时其复数为those，通常用于含有比较级别的句子中。egThe weather in Guangdong is hotter than that in BeijingThe streets in Beijing are wider than those in Guangzhou考点9：不定代词some any one none many much all both each every other another little a little few a few either neither考点10：形容词修饰以下不定代词时放在其后面，不定代词通常用作单数：somebody，someone，something，anybody，anyone，anything，nobody，everyone，nothing ，everybody，everythingWould you like something sweet?There is nothing interesting in todays newspaperSomething is wrong with my bike中考接链（ ）1Which would you like，tea or coffee?（09深圳）Either_OK，but I prefer coffee_milkAis; hasBare; withCis; withDare; has（ ）2We have five kinds of schoolbagsDo you like this one?NoCan you show me_?（09广东）Aeach otherBthe otherCanotherDothers（ ）3MrWang is very friendly，and_like him very much（09北京）AweBusCourDours（ ）4Are the keys over there _?NoGo and ask AnnaThey may belong to her（09南京）AyouByourCyoursDyourself（ ）5Millie gave_a baby cat yesterday that hurt_when it fell from the tree（09苏州）Ame;itBmyself;itselfCme;itselfDmyself;it用括号中所给代词的适当形式填空：1I bought two tickets for tomorrowOne is for_and the other is for my daughter（I）2The cat washes_with its tongue（it）3Thank goodnessBob didnt hurt_（him）4The two little girls are crying，because_cant find _mother（they）5Miss Green will teach_Chinese next term（we）6Lets do it_（we）7Its an old photo of_when I was a child（my）8Is the shirt on the bed_?（you）9The twins corrected the mistakes on the test papers_（them）10We made up_minds to catch up with others（us）11Its not my bookIts _（her）12“ Enjoy_!” she said to her friends（you）13Do you know_names ?（they）14Our teacher told_an interesting story（they）15Your brother is too youngYou cant leave_by_（he）16To_surprise，there is no one in the room（she）17They met a friend of_in the street yesterday（they）18Would you like to go there with_?（we）19Let_go to the movies（we）20_friends are going to see_（He）选择方框内合适的词填空：some any something anything nothing everything somebody anybody everybodyanother other1_is waiting for you in the next room2I have_interesting to tell all of you3Do you have_to say ?4Does_live on that island ?5_is ready for your birthday6Is_here today ?No，Helen isnt here7I looked around，but saw_and_8I have two rulersOne is long，the_is short9This computer is too dearWould you like to show me_one ?10There isnt_tea hereWhat about_coffee ?用所给的不定代词填空：（A）few，a few，little，a little1Hurry up ! There is_time left2He is a man of_wordsThat is to say he speaks very _3 Can you speak English ?Yes，but only_4Dont worryI have_cards（B）all，both，none，neither1The class_went to the cinema yesterday2_of her parents are teachers3There are lots of tall buildings on_sides of the street4All of us were invited，but _of us went5I saw_Mrnor MrsBrown at church（C）something，anything，nothing，everything1Lei Feng asked_in return when he helped others2Have you_to tell me ? Yes，I have_to tell you3_begins to grow in spring4I was looking for_cheaper用方框中的词填空，完成句子：little a little many much none every each1I have many kinds of booksBut_of them is about the computer2How_pictures do you have ?3You can do_work on the farm4She is not good at Japanese，but she can speak_Japanese5Theres_time leftWe must be quick6These books cost one dollar _7Students go to school_day except holidays基础测检（ ）1The boys are in the classroom nowMrSmith is teaching_an English lessonAtheirBthemCusDours（ ）2_isnt easy to learn a foreign language wellBut foreign languages are very usefulAThatBItCWhichDThis（ ）3The skirt is _She made it_Aher ; herself Bherself ; hersChers ; herself Dherself ;her（ ）4Can you do it all by_，Jill？AyouByourselvesCyourselfDyours（ ）5Enjoy_at the party，Tom and LucyAyourselfBhimselfCyourselvesDthemselves （ ）6Dont worryHes much foodYou can share_Asome of mineBsome of hisCsome of yoursDsome of her（ ）7She feels_her duty to take care of this old manAitsBitCthisDthat（ ）8Dont tell others about itThis is only between_Ayou and IBI and you Cme and you Dyou and me（ ）9The weather in Guangzhou is much warmer than_in Harbin in winterAthatBitCthisDone（ ）10He is old enough to wash_clothes by himselfYou can just wash_Ahis; yourBhis; yoursCmine; yoursDyour; yours（ ）11If you have_questions，ask me for helpAanyBsomeCnoDa（ ）12How many sheep are there on the hill?_ANobodyBNoneCNo oneDNo （ ）13To understand is one thing ，but to do it well is_Aanother Bthe other Cthe anotherDother（ ）14Hurry upWe have_ time leftAa fewBa littleCfewDlittle（ ）15These shoes are too smallDo you have larger_？AonesBsomeCthemDthose（ ）16I cant hear you Theres_noise hereAmuch tooBtoo muchCmany tooDtoo many（ ）17There are_workers in the factoryAnd_them is 500Amuch; manyBthe number of;a number of Cmany; much Da number of;the number of （ ）18 Are the two answers correct?No，_ correctAno one isBboth are notCneither isDeither is（ ）19John is stronger than_in his classAany boysBany boyCthe other boyDany other boy（ ）20Excuse meWhich is the way to the hospital，this one or that one?_way can take you thereIts easy to get thereAEitherBBothCNeitherDEvery（ ）21If you want ticket for a roundtrip，sir，youll have to pay_60 dollarsAanotherBotherCeachDmore（ ）22_are all fifteen years oldAI，she and you BShe，you and ICI，you and sheDYou，she and I（ ）23This question is so difficult that very_students in our class can answer itAlittleBa littleCfewDa few（ ）24Someone says “ Put on your coat” and another says “ Put your coat on”We know_rightAneither isBboth ones areCeither isDnone is（ ）25Mary and Tom have come back，but_students in the class haventAthe other BothersCanotherDthe others（ ）26“ Helen，help_to some fruit and sweets，” mother saidAyourselfByourselvesCmyselfDherself（ ）27Dont cross the roadThere is_traffic nowAa lotBa lot ofCmanyDa（ ）28My watch doesnt workThere must be_wrong with itAsomethingBanythingCnothingDeverything（ ）29Is there_on the island ?Aelse anyoneBsomeone elseCanyone elseDelse something（ ）30My brother is taller than _AmyBmineCmeDhis （ ）31The workers were all tired，but_of them stopped to have a restAnoneBsomeCanyDneither（ ）32Tom，_hands are so dirtyGo to wash them quicklyAeither of yourBall youCboth of yourDeach your（ ）33Jack and John are from England_of them are my classmatesAAllBBothCEachDEither（ ）34Do you know_handwriting is better，Lucys or Lilys ?AwhoBwhatCwhoseDwhich（ ）35Jim speaks English better than_else in his classAno oneBanotherCanyoneDthe one（ ）36The mooncakes from Guangdong are better than_from BeijingAthatBtheseCthoseDthis（ ）37Can you come on Monday or Friday ?