中职语法助动词情态动词教案.doc

课 题助动词和情态动词教学目标1. 掌握助动词的主要用法。2. Learn the usage of modal verbs.3. Improve students ability to use modal verbs in different situations.教学重点1. The usage and functions of the modal verbs.2. must be和have to的区别与用法。3. To use the modal verbs in different context.教学难点1. 助动词do的用法。教学资源Textbook课 型Grammar授课时数2教学方法Presentation-Practice-Production（演示-操作-成果）第 课时教学内容：助动词、情态动词 教学过程： Step 1、Greeting. Step 2. 助动词。这类词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能与主要动词一起构成谓语，表示不同的时态、语态、表示句子的否定和疑问，例如：He does not speak English well.（他英语讲得不好。）句中的does是助动词，既表示一般现在时，又与not一起构成否定形式。A dog is running after a cat.（一条狗正在追逐一只猫。）句中的is 是助动词，和run的现在分词一起构成现在进行时。Did he have any milk and bread for his breakfast? （他早餐喝牛奶、吃面包吗？）句中的did是助动词，既表示一般过去时，又和动词have一起构成疑问。Step 3. 情态动词。这类词本身虽有意义，但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态，如“可能”、“应当”等。这类动词有can, could, may, might, shall, should, ought to, will, would, must, have to, need, dare等。它们不能单独作谓语，必须与行为动词（原形）一起作谓语，表示完整的意思，例如：I can dance.（我会跳舞。）can, 能, 会He cant walk because he is a baby.（因为他是个婴儿，不会走路。）cant, 不必May I come in？（我可以进来吗？）may, 可以情态动词的主要特征试比较下列几组句子，看情态动词的特点：1. He borrows some books from the library.（他常从图书馆借些书。） He can borrow some books from the library.（他可以从图书馆借到一些书。）can, 可以2. I run fast.（我跑得快。） I cant run fast（我跑得不快。）cant, 不会，不能3. Must he go now?（他必须现在走吗？）must, 必须 Did he go last night?（他昨晚去了吗？）4. They may be there.（他们可能在那儿。）may, 可能 They werent there.（他们不在那儿。）从上述四组句子中，可以看出以下几个特点：1. can、may、must都有各自的词义，表示能力、可能、允诺、愿意、请求等情态，因词义不完全，不能单独作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。2. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。构成疑问句时，通常放在主语前面（见例3）；构成否定句时，not放在这些情态动词之后（见例2）。可用它们的缩写形式（cant, cannot, mustnt等）。主要用法表示“必须”（must do）、“一定”和“准是”（must be）的意思。补充说明1. 用have to表示客观上的需要，意为“不得不”、“只是”；must则表示主观上的必须和说话人的意志，在间接引语中过去时也常用must。2. 有些时态用must无法表示，可用have to代替，如will have to（表示将来），had to（表示过去）。3. can只有现在时和过去时，其他时态要用be able to。Step 4. Practice. 1. You _read that article if you dont want to. Ahavent Bcant C. mustnt Dneednt2. I _ get this done immediately or it will be too late.A. must Bcan Cmay Dmight3. The house is dark; the Browns _ to bed.Amay go Bshould go Cshould have gone D. must have gone4. “That car must have cost a 1ot of money.” “Oh, no _.” Ait mustnt Bit hasnt C. it doesnt Dit didnt5. I _ asleep in the corner, for 1 remember nothing of what happened during the night.Amight fall B. must fall Cmust have fallen D. can have fallen6. Im feeling sick. I _ so much chocolate.Aneednt have eaten B. couldnt have eatenCmustnt have eaten Dshouldnt have eaten7. My wallet is nowhere to be found. I _ when 1 was on the bus.Amust have dropped it Bmust drop itC. should have dropped it Dought to have dropped it8. Mr. Green _ my letter, otherwise he would have replied before now.Amust have received Bmust have failed to receiveCmust receive D. must fail to receive9. You could have done much better yesterday. Why _?Adidnt you Bcouldnt you C. hadnt you Dshouldnt you10. They have done things they oug