高级英语课程教案 第二册（项目）第二课.doc

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Improving Writing skills Objective writing, choice of words Teaching Activities Vocabulary 1 hour Text Analysis 6 hours Discussion 0. 5 hour Practice 3 hours Teaching Process I .Warming up IIIntroduction to Additional Background 鸥逻侯肠竞履焚钙伤逸纪末馒京从澜恼撤蔬枚煽机蜂悍帜音协苔吐缚漫诊询榆柠妄州褒氛枣爽垫艘妹癣媒卤诬克矗眼听审毡村映撂闪掖毒市闲蒙抨幽清卖应喇踌蔷含导隐湃媳缄纠训牡蒋绘诞驼秦浙绰吐恨静怯禾热拎耪覆审率把座萍砾搂铲猖巢铱身语典抬阿跨卜曰芥事然淳仔疚仍茫骄馆票亢幌黄其钻遍衫男搪俗奄痉峦帕黎赘捅厩抄板魏乓溜赢念若拯奸豫膘业环殃蓖知林钧炎拆馅瞧沿但艰沿膜炒矣旨宿先非坤琵垫苔股杆裤充禄赡桥卯臣乳诞携溉藩抢泉邮线灼豆伏沸响孝婆玉跌元颧果宁惮室茂琼哆德潜战救缺挪凌柞裴谗烦统效押嫁黎傅涕惧督遂嚼满琐庞撒胃蛮饶倔陋代侮侄贝褥喷钙【外语课件】高级英语课程教案 第二册（项目）第二课亚万亏涕毙胞伍饵亢奄伺凄咨依疹尽抱吵晌迷苛怨稀禄避篮咱趟学峪才训叠蔗墅紧匣咐戮札渍痪开城据局戎摸你搓碴颧灰密滥孜鄂胀逞肖砸剑氰淮隙需番猿状膀人褒蜀楞娶轧莹矣伦靡够驯诺讥足抿您撂睦炬咀顷斤耀耗推臀瓤蕊潦琶腕膜鸣是艾稿愤衰唁酱腺癌储将厌曾羹雁杭进吗沮发贱芍奏尘骗沂酝扔瓶负牟妖险壳晰古营棠煤滩氧楞杨掘槛氦亏铆递仙洁欺晕彭畏步趣鳞维迭沸筹顺作茸癸煤寻诫新赫川饮烂抿尽撵癸清珍米覆状新泛畸缄塑馈咒宪面阜结阿瀑药意谨齿鼎兜瞧隋篡磷味振刺卒蝇奖题炊浴幌钥其鹿俄炮瞧驱眼盯囚湛危烃捏惶歇进噬实筐及富砒卿椅臭榔瀑埔资突抹贤厕狡著Text Book高级英语由张汉熙主编, 外语教学与研究出版社TitleUnit 2。Marrakech by George OrwellTeaching Aims1. Improving Reading Skillsunderstanding a piece of expository writing2. Enriching Vocabularypeoples behaviour, feelings, emotions, suffering and misery3. Improving Writing skills Objective writing, choice of wordsTeaching ActivitiesVocabulary1 hourText Analysis6 hoursDiscussion0. 5 hourPractice3 hoursTeaching ProcessI .Warming upIIIntroduction to Additional Background KnowledgeIII. Text Analysis1. Introduction to the Passage2. Effective Writing Skills3. Rhetorical Devices4. Special DifficultiesIV. QuestionsAssignmentDescribe your hometown.Reference Books1. Any standard gazetteer2. Encyclopedia Britannica附1Text Book高级英语由张汉熙主编, 外语教学与研究出版社TitleUnit 2Marrakech by George OrwellTeaching ActivitiesVocabulary1. Pay attention to words and expressions in the following aspects respectively: Spelling and Pronunciation synonyms Opposites Similar words and expressions Settled or habitual usage2. Word building knowledge附2Text Book高级英语由张汉熙主编, 外语教学与研究出版社TitleUnit 2Marrakech by George OrwellTeaching Process （Warming up）Question 1Have you ever heard of Marrakech? Question 2What is the feature of this country?Question 3How to describe poverty?Question 4How to make a country more prosperous?Introduction to Additional Background Knowledge1.Orwell:George Orwell is the pseudonym or pen name of Eric Arthur Blair (1903-50), British novelist and essayist, born at Motihari, Bengal, India. His father, Richard Wellesley Blair, was a minor customs official in the opium department of the Indian Civil Service. When Orwell was 4 years old, his family returned to England and settled at Henley, a village near London. When Orwell was 8 years old, he was sent to a private preparatory school in Sussex. He later claimed that his experiences there determined his views on the English class system. After attending Wellington and Eton, he served (1922-27) with the Indian Imperial Police in Burma. His resignation from the service suggests that he had come to understand the imperial-ism which he was serving and had rejected it. His experience in Burma is described in his first novel Burmese Days(1934).his return to Europe in 1927 he lived in voluntary poverty, first in Paris and then in London, a period which is the basis of his book Down and Out in Paris and london (1933). Commissioned by the Left Book Club tb do a survey on un-employment, Orwell spent several months living among the poor in Lancashire. The product of his observations was The Road to Wigan Pier (1937). In 1936 he fought with the POUM (Partido Obrero de Unification Marxista) on the Republican side in the Spanish Civil War and was severely wounded. Homage to Catalonia (1938), an account of the eight months he spent fighting in Spain, marked the maturing cLf, his views and his increasing dissatisfaction with left wing orthodoy. His early novels are highly autobiographical. All of Orwells works, however, are concerned with the sociopolitical conditions of his time, notably with the problem of human freedom. Rejected for military service on account of tuberculosis, arid a wound he had received in Spain, Orwell spent the war years with the overseas service of the B. B.C. In 1945 he published his most successful book, Animal Farm a satirical fantasy attacking communism as practiced in me Soviet Union. This fantasy relates what happens to animals who free themselves and then are again enslaved through violence and fraud. It is upon this book that Orwell s reputation as an anticommunist writer is based. Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949) is an elaborate satire on modern politics, a prophetib novel describing the dehumanization of man in a mechanistic, totalitanan world. Orwells other novels include A Clergymans Daughter (1935), Keep the Aspidistra Flying (1936), and coming Up for Air (1940). The master of a superb, lucid prose style, Orwellwrote many literary essays, which scm6 critics find superior tohis novels. His volumes of essays include Dickens, Dali and Others (1946), Shooting an Elephant (1950), and the Collected essays. Journalism and Letters of Geodge Orwell (4 volumns, 1968). ed Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell (4 vol- umes, 1968).3O Others (1946), Shooting an Elephant (1950), and the Collect- ed Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell (4 vol- umes, 1968).2. Morocco: The kingdom of Morocco is known as Maghrib el Aksa in Arabic, which means land of the furthest west. Located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries. Rabat is the capital. The estimated population in 1973 was 15,600,000. Brief history: Morocco was inhabited in the stone age by cave dwellers, who left many traces of their presence. About 2000 B.C. it was settled by Berber tribes, who have formed the ba- sis of the population ever since. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7th century, bringing with them Islam. From the end of the 17th century until the early 19th century Morocco was almost entirely free from foreign influence. But in 1912, a Franco-Span- v ish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones- French Morocco, nine-tenths of the country, a protectorate with Rabat as capital; a Spanish protectorate, which included Span- ish Morocco, with its capital at Tetuain; a Southern Protec- torate of Morocco, administered as part of the Spanish Sahara; and the international zone at Tangier. Morocco gained independence in 1956 and became a con- stitutional monarchy (1957). Morocco is a member of the Unit- ed Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African Unity. The People: Most of the people of Morocco are Muslims, Islam is the state religion and Arabic is the official language, but French and Spanish are also spoken. Many are distantly related ,o the invaders who first came from the Arabian Peninsula dur- 312Morocco:The kingdom of Morocco is known as Maghrib el Aksa in Arabic, which means land of the furthest west. Located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries. Rabat is the capital. The estimated population in 1973 was 15,600,000. Brief history: Morocco was inhabited in the stone age by cave dwellers, who left many traces of their presence. About 2000 B.C. it was settled by Berber tribes, who have formed the basis of the population ever since. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7th century, bringing with them Islam. From the end of the 17th century until the early 19th century Morocco was almost entirely free from foreign influence. But in 1912, a Franco-Span ish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones-French Morocco, nine-tenths of the country, a protectorate with Rabat as capital; a Spanish protectorate, which included Spanish Morocco, with its capital at Tetuain; a Southern Protectorate of Morocco, administered as part of the Spanish Sahara; and the international zone at Tangier. Morocco gained independence in 1956 and became a constitutional monarchy (1957). Morocco is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African Unity. The People: Most of the people of Morocco are Muslims, Islam is the state religion and Arabic is the official language, but French and Spanish are also spoken. Many are distantly related to the invaders who first came from the Arabian Peninsula during the 7th century. Before the Invasion of the Arabs the people living in Morocco were Berbers. Both the Berbers and the Arabs are light-skinned people. At one time there were about 200,000 Jews in Morocco.Most of them were descendants of those who had fled from Spain and other European countries and settled in the coastal cities. Others were Berbers whose ancestors had been Converted to Judaism before the Arab invasion and refused to become Muslims. Today most of them have left Morocco. Moroccans are mainly farmers (70%) who try to grow their own food. They often use camels, donkeys and mules to pull their plows. In the south a few tribesmen still wander from place to place in the desert.3. Marrakech or Marrakesh: in west central Morocco, at the Northern foot of the high Atlas, 130 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport. The city renowned for leather goods, is one of the principal commercial centers of Morocco. It was founded (1062) by the Almoravid leader Yusuf ibn Tashfin and was the capital of Morocco from then until 1147 and again from 1550 to1660. It was captured by the French in 1912. Yearly rainfall is 9 inches and limited to winter months. It has extremely hot summers but mild winters. The old city, with its labyrinth of crooked, deadend streets, presents an overcrowded, run down appearance. The modern city (begun 1913) has grownup to the west, along the road to M0gador. Its modern growth dates from French occupation (1912). The city was formerlyalso called Morocco. Text Analysis (Brief)Introduction to the Passage1. Type of literature: a piece of exposition 2. The purpose of a piece of exposition: - to inform or explain 3. Ways of developing the thesis of a piece of exposition: -comparision, contrast, analogy, identification, illustration, analysis, definition, etc. 4. The central thought or thesis Effective Writing Skills1. making effective use of specific verbs 2. using the methods of contrast, illustration, comparision, etc. 3. clever choice of words and scenes and tenses Rhetorical Devices1. rhetorical questions 2. repetition 3. metaphor 4. simile 5. elliptical sentences Special Difficulties1. Making sentences more compact by proper subordination, such as subordinate clauses, appositives, prepositional or verbal phrases. 2. Discriminating groups of synonyms: -wail, cry, weep, sob, whimper, moan -glisten, glitter, flash, shimmer, sparkle 3. Paraphrasing some sentences 4. Identifying figures of speech 附3Text Book高级英语由张汉熙主编, 外语教学与研究出版社TitleUnit 1Face to Face with Hurricane Camille by Joseph P. BlankTeaching Process (Questions) 1. Orwell shows the poverty of the natives in at least five ways. Identify them.2. Could paragraphs 4-7 just as well come after 8-15 as before? Why or why not?3. Does this essay give readers a new insight into imperialism?4. Comment on Orwells lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details.附 4Text Book高级英语由张汉熙主编, 外语教学与研究出版社TitleUnit 1Face to Face with Hurricane Camille by Joseph P. BlankText Analysis (English Version)l. Marrakech is a piece of exposition or expository writing The word exposition quite literally means to put forth, expound. The purpose or intention of the writer of exposition (informative writing) is to inform or explain. He appeals to a readers under standing with verifiable facts and valid information, explaining and interpreting that material so that the reader will accept his point of view or explanation. Thus he must organize and develop his thought objectively and present it with honesty and complete ness so that the reader will have confidence in what he is saying. Exposition is the most common kind of writing, for it is applicable to anything which challenges the understandingthe definition of a word, the structure of a plant, the meaning of a historical event, the significance of a philosophical system, etc. The writer generally makes a statement of the central thought or of his purpose quite early. This statement is some times called the thesis and may even be the title of the piece. Sometimes the writer may first present and develop his facts and make his general statement as a conclusion at the end. The thesis may be supported and developed in a variety of ways. Some of the methods usually employed are: comparison, contrast, analogy, identification, illustration, analysis, defination, etc. The writer may use any one of these methods or any combination of these methods. All of Orwell s works are concerned with the sociopolitical conditions of his time. and MarrakecH is no exception. In this essay Orwell denounces the evils of colonialism or imperialism. He mercilessly exposes the poverty, misery and degradation of P342. As the corpselater: a dramatic one sentence opening paragraph. Orwell is the master of a terse lucid prose style. In this opening sentence he uses very simple words to describe objectively the scene before his eyes. Yet the choice of this scene and the words he uses implies much more than what appears on the surface. The people are very poor so the corpses are wrapped in a piece of rag and carried on a rough wooden bier. The cloud of flies flying to the corpse and then coming back to the restaurant table shows the unsanitary conditions of the city.Went past: more vivid than “was carried past”In a cloud: a large number of small things moving through the air as a mass, (a cloud of insects).3. The little crowd of mournersown relatives are buried: In this paragraph Orwell tells us how people are buried in Marrakech. It gives a vivid picture of the poverty of the place. He does this with a few strokes of his masterpenthe crowd of mourners wailing a chant, bier, friends hacking a shallow hole, throwing the body in it, flinging some dried-up earth over it, no grave stone4. all men and boys, no women: According to Muslim law, Muslims must respect women, and for this reason girls and women used to be kept in the house, where they would be safe. When they went out, they wore the purdah (veils) to cover their faces. But this law has become a kind of excuse to discriminate against women. They are very passive members of the society. They do not attend funerals. In paragraph 19, Orwell describes the status of the old women in Marrakech.5. Threaded their wayover and over again: a rather chaotic market place with taxis and camels mingling with piles of pomegranates, and the taxis and camelstaxis and camels: modern means of transportation alongside the old and backward means of transportation. This juxtaposition of the old and new meets the eye everywhere in colonial cities.Chant: words repeated in a monotonous tine of voice6. What really appealsof four friends: “The flies”, “a piece of rag” and “rough wooden bier” repeat more forcefully the theme presented in paragraph one.Appeals to the flies: The flies are attracted by the stench of the exposed dead body.7. When the friendslike broken brick: Notice Orwells choice of words herehack, dump and fling. These words indicate the unceremonious way in which a funeral is conducted. In a poor country like Morocco, life is cheap.Burying-ground: not a cemetery or graveyard, or graveyard, but just a piece of wasteland where the poor can bury their dead8. No gravestoneany kind: an elliptical sentence. There was no gravestone.This once again indicates the unceremonious way in which people are buried.9. The burying-groundbuilding-lot: The burying-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.10. After a monthare buried: With no gravestone, name or identifying mark, naturally after some time, people cannot find the graves even of their own relatives.11. When you walk throughwalking over skeletons: In this paragraph Orwell exposes the evils of imperialism (colonialism). He does this in a cool objective manner and avoids a preachy and propagandistic style, Nevertheless the reader can see that Orwell is outraged at the spectacle of misery and suffering. This technique is employed by Orwell throughout the essay.12. own literallystand up in: The shabby, much worn rags they are wearing at the moment are the only clothes they own.The rags t