（全国版）2019版高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 Unit 5 First aid 新人教版必修5.doc

unit 5first aid.情景默写1.the magazine makes complex(复杂的)ideas attractive and accessible to children.(2017北京卷) 2.try to make the hole in a damp(潮湿的)area to increase the water catchers productivity.(2017全国卷) 3.day after day i kept coming up with solutions，but none of them worked.my fatigue(疲惫)became almost unbearable(难以忍受的).(2016天津卷) 4.in fact，women are less likely to have high blood pressure(压力)or to die from heart attacks.(2016四川卷) 5.as everybody knows，cancer doesnt show any symptoms (症状) in its early stage.6.cut the lemon in half and squeeze (榨；挤) the juice out into the bowl.7.the skin is our bodys largest organ which acts as a barrier (屏障) against disease and the suns harmful rays.8.when he got up from the ground，he found his knee bleeding (流血).9.ive told you over_and_over_again(反复；多次)not to do that but you wont listen.10.hannah was busy with work then but she still tried her best to squeeze_out(挤出)some time from her tight schedule to visit her mother.11.arriving in london，she suddenly fell_ill(生病)because she couldnt bear the changeable weather.12.the professor always urges us that everything should be put in_place(在适当的位置)before we leave the lab.13.im sure that our hard work can make_a_difference(起作用)and everything will be ok.词性转换1.he said mildly (mild) to me that he didnt mean to upset me.2.i firmly (firm) believe that hard work pays off.3.tom got badly injured in an car accident.the injury to his leg was really serious.(injure)4.the people in the flooded area fought bravely against the natural disaster.their bravery deserved to be praised.(brave)5.he treated himself to a long holiday before he received a special treatment for his nose.(treat)6.liu li is a new graduate from shandong university.she applied to a big company for a post last week.the interviewer said her application was the best among all the applicants.(apply)7.poisonous gases were released from the explosion and poisoned the water，air and land around.(poison)8.we like to live a life full of variety and mens tastes are various.(vary)1.句型公式：unless引导的状语从句一个人要是不努力，就将一事无成。nobody can achieve anything of real significance unless_he_works_very_hard.2.句型公式：it is vital to do.在这样的情形下，牢记我们所学习的东西是至关重要的。in such situations，it_is_vital_to_remember what we have learned.3.句型公式：be doing.when.今天早晨我正在大街上走，就在这时我看见两个游客正在困惑地看着地图。this morning i was_walking_on_the_street_when_i_saw that two travelers were reading a map，looking puzzled.(北京卷书面表达)4.句型公式：强调句型正是拥有真诚和信任我们才能创建一个和谐的气氛。it_was with sincerity and trust that we created a harmonious atmosphere.(江西卷标准范文)5.句型公式：there is no doubt that.毫无疑问，我会取得好的成绩。there_is_no_doubt_that i will get good grades.(四川卷满分作文)第一板块 重点单词1.vital adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/微写作enough sleep is vital for/to the students wellbeing and health.as far as im concerned，it is vital to_keep(keep)accurate records.我们要想在生活中发挥作用，重要的一点就是我们应该从小事开始。if we are to make a difference in life，its_vital_that_we_(should)begin_with_small_things.(湖北卷)状元笔记全记牢be vital for/to sth对极为重要be of vital importance 至关重要it is vital that.(should) do sth 是十分重要的it is vital to do sth 做某事很重要【点津】在句型it is vital that.(should) do sth中，常常使用虚拟语气，should可以省略。2.aid n.& vt.帮助；援助；资助高考必刷题练透对比填空状元笔记全记牢(1) in aid of为了援助 在某人的帮助下give/perform first aid to sb对某人进行急救go/come to ones aid去/来援助某人apply for aid 申请支援(2)aid sb in (doing) sth 在某方面帮助某人aid sb with sth 以某事/物帮助某人aid sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事3.treat vt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待 n.款待；招待高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/单句改错men and women must be_treated (treat) equally in education and employment.(陕西卷)drunk driving should be treated as a crime regardless of whether the driver causes a crash.ill treat you for lunch at the restaurant in front of our school.fortotreat the earth serious，for it is not given to you by your parents but lent to you by your children. seriousseriously状元笔记全记牢(1)treat sb as.把某人当看待treat sth seriously 认真对待某事/物treat sb/oneself to 用款待某人/自己(2)its my treat. 我请客。【联想】treat.as.的同义短语有：look on/upon.as.think of.as.4.apply vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用 vi.申请；请求；使用；有效高考必刷题练透(1)写出下列句中apply的含义you may apply in person or by letter; either will be ok.申请at last he applied a little wax polish(蜡油) to the leg.涂；敷the dog lying on the road，he applied his brake quickly.使用the new discovery may be applied in medicine.应用；运用(2)单句语法填空/微写作if the constitution said that all people were free and equal，then she thought it should apply to her.over the years，he has applied himself to improving (improve) the living conditions of the migrant workers.我写信是想申请学生志愿者这个职位。(2015陕西卷)im_writing_to_apply_for_the_position_as_a_student_volunteer.状元笔记全记牢(1)apply.to.把运用到中；把涂到上apply oneself to 致力于；集中精力于apply to. 适应/适用apply (to.) for. (向)申请(2)applicant n. 申请人application n. 申请；申请书；适用【点津】apply短语中的to是介词，其后应该使用名词或动名词。第二板块 核心短语1.in place在适当的位置；适当高考必刷题练透对比填空/微写作我把散落在屋子里的所有书、报纸和其他东西收拾起来，并把它们放在适当的位置。i collected all the books，newspapers and other things scattered in the room and put_them_in_place.状元笔记全记牢(1)out of place不在适当位置in place of 代替；取代in the first place 首先；第一点(2)take place 发生take ones place 就座；代替take the place of 代替；取代2.make a difference区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/微写作his words make no difference to him，for he is quite stubborn.does it make any/a difference whether she will come to our party? the twins are so alike; its difficult to tell the difference between them.我希望我的行为能起到作用。i hope my_behavior_will_make_a_difference.状元笔记全记牢(1)make a difference to对有作用/有影响make some/no/little difference (to.)(对)有些/没作用或影响(2)tell the difference (between.and.)辨别/区分(与)第三板块 经典句式john was_studying in his room when he heard screaming.约翰正在房间里学习，这时他听到了一声尖叫。高考必刷题练透完成句子/句型转换last monday，i was_walking_in_the_street_when_i suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。i had_just_finished my exam paper when the bell rang.我刚做完试卷，下课铃就响了。i was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.(福建卷)i was on the point of giving up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.状元笔记全记牢(1)be doing.when.“正在做这时突然”，when 为并列连词，表示“这时；突然”，相当于and at this/that time。(2)be about to do.when.正要做这时(突然)be on the point of doing.when.正要做这时(突然)had just done.when.刚做完这时(突然).课文语法填空first aid is the kind of help 1.given (give) to someone who falls ill or gets injured 2.before a doctor can be found.of course，the illness or injury is not serious.now lets talk about first aid for burns.you have three layers of skin that protect 3.yourself (you) against disease，poisons and the 4.harmful (harm) rays from the sun.your skin also gives you your sense of touch.first aid is a very important step in the treatment of burns.people can get burned by many things，5.such as hot liquids，steam，fire，radiation，the sun，electricity or chemicals.there 6.are (be) three types of burns.burns 7.are_called (call) first，second or third degree burns，8.depending (depend) on which layers of the skin are burned.different degree burns can be treated in 9.a different way.lets keep these things 10.in mind.课文短文改错john janson，a seventeenyearsold teenager，was honoured at the lifesaver awards last night.he was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognizing the bravery of ten people.all of us had saved the life of another.john was studying in his room while he heard screaming.he discover that anne slade，mother of three，had been stabbed repeated with a knife.this was johns quick action and knowledge of first aid that had saved ms slades life.he is proud of that he did.it shows that a knowledge of first aid can make real difference.答案john janson，a teenager，was honoured at the lifesaver awards last night.he was presented with his award at a ceremony which the bravery of ten people.all of had saved the life of another.john was studying in his room he heard screaming.he that anne slade，mother of three，had been stabbed with a knife. was johns quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved ms slades life.he is proud of he did.it shows that a knowledge of first aid can make real difference.单元要点微写作根据下面提示写一篇60词左右的短文介绍急救。在日常生活中，有人会突然轻度烧伤、突然生病或中毒。我们经常需要实施一些临时的救治。为了正确地实施急救，我们要了解多种常见的症状，并反复练习急救的步骤。总之，急救极其重要。【参考范文】in our daily life，we often need to do some temporary treatments when someone is mildly burnt，falls ill or becomes poisoned suddenly.in order to perform first aid properly，we must know about a variety of common symptoms and practice the first aid process over and over again.in a word，first aid is of vital importance.atecfiderawhat is tecfidera?tecfidera is a prescription (处方) medicine used to treat people with multiple sclerosis，a serious illness that gradually destroys your nerves，making you weak and unable to walk.it is not known if tecfidera is safe and effective in children under 18 years of age.before taking and while you take tecfidera，tell your doctor if you have or have had low white blood cell counts or any other medical conditions.tell your doctor if you are：pregnant or plan to become pregnant.it is not known if tecfidera will harm your unborn baby.if you become pregnant while taking tecfidera，talk to your doctor about joining in the tecfidera pregnancy registry.you can join in this registry by callingthe purpose of this registry is to monitor the health of you and your baby.breastfeeding(母乳喂养)or plan to breastfeed.it is not known if tecfidera passes into your breast milk.you and your doctor should decide if you will take tecfidera or breastfeed.how should i take tecfidera?take tecfidera exactly as your doctor tells you to take it.the recommended starting dose(剂量)is one 120mg capsule taken by mouth 2 times a day for 7 days.the recommended does after 7 days is one 240mg capsule taken by mouth 2 times a day.fecfidera can be taken with or without food.swallow tecfidera whole.do not press，chew，or put capsule contents in food.protect tecfidera from light.you can do this by storing the capsules in their original container.throw away opened tecfidera after 90 days.what are the possible side effects (副作用) of tecfidera?tecfidera may cause serious side effects including decreases in your white blood cell count，sickness，redness，stomach pain and so on.redness and stomach problems are the most common reactions，especially at the start of the treatment，but they should decrease over time.call your doctor if you have any of these symptoms and they bother you or do not go away.these are not all the possible side effects of tecfidera.call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.you may report side effects to the us food and drug administration(fda) at 1800fda1088.【语篇导读】本文是应用文。文章是一种药物的服用说明。1.before taking tecfidera，you do not have to tell your doctor if you are _.a.under 18 years oldb.above 90 years oldc.having a babyd.breastfeeding答案b细节理解题。根据文中的“it is not known.children under 18 years of age，harm your unborn baby及passes into your breast milk”可知，这种药物对18岁以下的患者及怀孕和哺乳期的妇女作用不明，因此这些人应该告知医生他们的状况。文中并未提及老年人的问题，故选b项。2.which of the following is the correct way of taking tecfidera?a.never dividing the capsule by any means while taking it.b.increasing the does by 2 times every 7 days.c.taking it exactly as the instructions show.d.never taking it on an empty stomach.答案a细节理解题。根据文中的“swallow tecfidera whole.do not press，chew，or put capsule contents in food”可知答案。3.if you suffer side effects from tecfidera，you may _.a.report your doctor for prescribing the wrong medicine.b.make a phone call at 1800fda1088c.have a high white blood cell countd.have some eye problems答案b细节理解题。根据文末的“you may report side effects to the us food and drug administration (fda) at 1800fda1088”可知答案。bthe mcdonald family from glasgow，scotland，was on holiday in western australia when their vehicle broke down in a desert area ninety miles north of the town of laverton.this happened on a tuesday，and the mcdonalds were expected to arrive in the city of kalgoorlie on wednesday evening.when they did not show up，mrs，mcdonalds brother told the local police.a spokesperson from the rescue team that discovered the mcdonalds vehicle said that the family planned carefully for their desert trip.they knew that they needed to stay with their vehicle instead of setting out to seek help，and they did the right thing by lighting a fire as a signal to attract attention.when it comes to making a desert trip，the spokesperson also suggested bringing warm clothing for the cold nights and light clothing，hats，and sunscreen for the hot days.besides，travelers should have a wellstocked survival kit (装备) including a firstaid kit，map，matches or lighter，and a knife.they should also make sure to pack plenty of food and water，spare tires(轮胎)，and fuel.the spokespersons final suggestion was to tell a friend or family member about your travel plans.after the unpleasant experience，john mcdonald told reporters that he had read quite a lot about desert survival before coming to australia.he knew that if they had tried to walk to the nearest town，they would not have been able to carry enough water and that they had to cut down on what they ate，because digestion requires a great deal of water.mr. mcdonald said he was extremely happy to see the rescue team and thankful that his family had survived.when asked what advice he could share with other possible desert travelers，mr. mcdonald said，“dont panic.stay where you are and wait to be rescued.”this trip through the australian desert is one vacation the mcdonald family will never forget!【语篇导读】本文讲述了mcdonald一家在被困沙漠后得到救援的故事。4.where was the mcdonald family on tuesday?a.at the town of laverton.b.in the city of kalgoorlie.c.at a local police station.d.in an australian desert.答案d细节理解题。根据第一段中的“their vehicle broke down in a desert area ninety miles north of the town of laverton.this happened on a tuesday”可知，周二的时候mcdonald一家正被困在澳大利亚的一个沙漠里。5.we can infer from the text that the mcdonald family _.a.was wellprepared for the tripb.didnt tell anyone about their planc.didnt check their vehicle before the tripd.got in touch with the rescue team themselves答案a推理判断题。根据第二段中的“the family planned carefully for their desert trip”和该段接下来介绍他们所知道的注意事项可知，mcdonald一家对此次沙漠旅行作了相当充分的准备。6.in paragraph 3，the spokesperson mainly _.a.gave tourists tips on visiting western australiab.provided details on how to prepare for desert travelc.gave instructions on surviving in terrible conditionsd.described how the mcdonald family survived in the desert答案b段落大意题。根据第三段中的“when it comes to making a desert trip，the spokesperson also suggested.besides，travelers should.the spokespersons final suggestion was to.”可知，发言人在第三段主要谈到准备沙漠旅行的细节问题。7.what is john mcdonalds suggestion on a desert trip?a.prepare a special vehicle for it.b.never try to make a desert trip alone.c.try to cross a desert in a suitable season.d.stay calm if you are trapped in the desert.答案d细节理解题。根据最后一段中john mcdonald说的“dont panic.stay where you are and wait to be rescued”可知，他建议如果被困在沙漠一定不要惊慌失措，要保持镇定。cdonating blood is a simple thing to do，but it can make a big difference in the lives of others.the donation process from the time you arrive until the time you leave takes about an hour.the donation itself is only about 810 minutes on average.the steps in the process are：step 1: registration1.our staff and volunteers will sign you in and go over basic eligibility (资格) and donation information.2.you will read information about donating blood，and will be asked to show a donor card，drivers license，or other form(s) of id.step 2: health history & miniphysical1.you will answer some questions during a private and confidential interview about your health history and places you have traveled.2.we will check your temperature，pulse，blood pressure and hemoglobin (血红蛋白) level present in a sample of b