《内分泌系统》PPT课件.ppt

1 EndocrineSystem 2 Objectives Howdothethyroidfollicularepithelialcellssynthesizethyroglobulinandreleasethyroxine Functionofparafollicularcells Cellsandfunctionofparathyroidgland Describethestructureandfunctionofpituitarygland 垂体腺Thestructureandfunctionofadrenalgland 3 Overview PituitaryglandThyroidglandParathyroidglandAdrenalgland 4 Featuresoftheendocrinesystem 1 typicallyarrangedascordsorclusters2 noducts3 numerousCap 5 HormoneSynthesis 1 ProteinandpeptidehormoneCytologyissimilartoserouscellsofexocrineglandsRER Golgi2 steroidhormones类固醇激素AbundantsmoothERNumerousmitochondriawithtubularcristae管状Cytoplasmiclipiddroplets脂滴 6 ultrastructure Proteinhormone Steroidhormone SecretedG Golgicomplex Mito RER lipid SER Lysosome 7 Thyroidgland Twolobesconnectedbyanisthmus侧叶 峡Capsule DCTFollicles LCTwithcap 8 Thyroidfollicles normallycuboidalbutbecomecolumnarwhenstimulatedandsquamouswheninactiveColloid iodinatedthyroglobulinRER mitochondriaandnumerouslysosomesFunction synthesizeandstorethyroidhormones 9 Synthesisofthyroglobulin TG fromtyrosineGlycosylated 糖基化 byGolgicomplex SecretedintothelumenandiodinatedTSHstimulatesendocytosisofiodinated 碘化的 TGbyfollicularcellsLysosomesfusewiththeendosomesProteasescleaveofftheiodinatedresiduestoformT4 90 andT3 10 T3andT4diffuseintothefenestratedcapillaries甲状腺素T3生物学活性高 Synthesis Storage SecretionofTH 10 Functionofthyroidhormones RegulatebasalmetabolicInfluencebodygrowthanddevelopmentofthenervoussystemduringfetal呆小症Hypothyroidism failtoproduceenoughthyroidhormoneHyperthyroidism excessivethyroidhormone 11 Parafollicularcells BtwthefollicularcellsandbasallaminaPale staining c clear cellLotsofsmallsecretorygranulesthatcontaincalcitonin ApolypeptidehormoneLowerbloodcalciumlevels 12 Parathyroidglands OverviewFoursmallglandsPosteriorsurface背侧面CapsuleParenchymaChiefcell parathyroidhormone PTH Oxyphilcells functionisnotknown Raisebloodcalciumlevels 13 Adrenalgland Overview AtthesuperiorpoleofeachkidneyEmbryonicsourcescortex mesodermmedulla neuralcrest 14 Adrenalcortex ZonaGlomerulosaincordsorclusters afewsmalllipiddroplets Mineralcorticoids aldosteroneZonaFasciculataColumnsofcells spongiocyteswithmanylipiddropletsGlucocorticoidsZonaReticularisInanastomosingcordsAndrogensandsmallamountofglucocorticoids 15 Adrenalmedulla Chromaffincells largepolyhedralcellsArrangedinirregularcordsPostganglionicsympatheticneuronsadrenalineandnoradrenaline 16 BloodSupplyoftheAdrenalGlands Capsulararteriesbranchtoformtwotypesofarterialbloodflow AsupplythatbranchestoformcorticalfenestratedcapillariesDon tbranchinthecortex butbranchesinmedullatoformafenestratedcapillarynetworkBothdrainintosmallvenulesandthenintomedullaryveins 17 Hypophysis Pituitarygland GeneralFeatures Pea sizedSitsinthesellaturcicaCompoundglandAttachestothehypothalamusbythepituitarystalk infundibulum TwoLobes 1 adenohypophysis 2 neurohypophysis 18 Developmentofthe2PituitaryComponents Anteriorpituitary Glandularepithelialtissuethatderivesfromoralectoderm Rathke spouch Posteriorpituitary Neuroendocrinetissuethatderivesfromadowngrowthofthediencephalon neuralectoderm retainsitsneuralconnections 19 Pituitarygland AdenohypophysisParsdistalis远侧部Parsintermedia中间部Parstuberalis结节部NeurohypophysisParsnervosaInfundibulum adenohypophysis neurohypophysis 20 ParsDistalis PreviouslyidentifiedonthebasisofaffinityoftheirgranulesforacidicorbasicdyesDistinctCellTypes 3 1 Basophils bluegranules2 Acidophils pinkgranules3 Chromophils noobviousgranules 21 ParsDistalis Hormonesecretion ICSH 22 23 ParsIntermedia Colloid containingcystsBasophiliccellsMelanocyte stimulatinghormone MSH ParsTuberalisCellsarrangedincordsMaysecreteFSHandLH buthasnotbeenconfirmed 24 Neurohypophysis UnmyelinatednervefibersPituicytesCap accumulatedneurosecretorygranules Herringbodies OxytocinAntidiuretichormone ADH SupraopticParaventricularnuclei Herringbody Cap Pituicyte 25 Vascularizationofthepituitarygland 1 ArterialsupplySuperiorandinferiorhypophysealarteries2 HypophysealportalsystemPrimarycap plexusstorehypothalamichormonesDrainedbyhypophysealportalveinsSecondarycap plexus Nodirectarteryintheparsdistalis 26 ItssecretionsvarywiththelightanddarkcyclesoftheMelatonin褪黑素 atnight Serotonin血清素 duringtheday andmelatonin atnight PinealGland松果体 27 EndocrineGlands 28 Singlechoice 1 ParafollicularcellsinthyroidglandareabletoproduceA renninB erythropoietinC thyroxineD calcitoninE Prostaglandin2 TheepithelialcellsinparathyroidglandareoftwotypesA chiefcellsandparietalcellsB follicularcellsandparietalcellsC chiefcellsandoxyphi