《免疫刺激剂》PPT课件.ppt

调节免疫功能的药物 免疫调节剂Immunomodulator能抑制或或增强机体免疫机能的药物 免疫抑制剂Immunosuppressant免疫增强剂ImmunopotentiatorImmunostimunants 天然免疫系统的主要成员 补体系统complement溶菌酶lysozyme干扰素interferon IFN转铁蛋白transferrin 巨噬细胞macrophage嗜中粒细胞neutrophils自然杀伤细胞naturalkillercells 适应性免疫系统的主要成员 B淋巴细胞与抗体辅助T淋巴细胞 Thcells 与细胞因子 cytokines 细胞毒性T淋巴细胞 cytotoxicTcells CTL P P 感染的细胞 P P P 激活的补体系统 自然杀伤细胞 激活的NK 巨噬细胞 激活的M MAC MAC C3b C3b 激活的B细胞 激活的CTL细胞 APCs Thcells ActivatedTh B细胞 CTL细胞 P Comparisonofcharacteristicsofchemotherapeutics vaccinesandimmunostimulants When Efficacy Spectrum Duration therapeutically prophylactically Chemo vaccine Immuno Pro excellent excellent good middle limited wide short short long 免疫刺激剂 ImmunostimunantsSyntheticchemicalsLevamisoleFK 565BiologicalsubstancesBacterialderivativesAnimalandplantextracts Levamisole AnthelminthicdrugInmammals metabolicandphagocyticactivitiesofneutrophils numberofphagocytesandleucocytes leveloflsozymeinserum InCohosalmonandCarp Injectionoflevamisole modifiedFreund scompleteadjuvantincreasedCohosalmon sresistancetoA salmonicida Injectionoflevamisoleincreasedthephagocyticactivityandmyeloperoxidaseactivityofneutrophils leucocytenumbersandserumlysozymelevelsincarp InRainbowtrout Injectionoflevamisole 0 1 0 5mg kg ResistancetoVibrioanguillarum Phagocyticactivityandchemiluminescanceresponsesofleucocytes NKcellactivities ConcentrationofcomplementNoeffectswithhighdose 5mg kg EffectsoflevamisoleonfishSpleencells Phagocyticactivity NBTreaction Numberofantibody producingcellsHighdoseNostimulationCompletelysuppress Oraladministrationoflevamisole Leucocytenumbers Serumlysozymelevels ThestimulatedNBTreductionandphagocyticindexofphagocyticcells Immersionoflevamisole Carpin10ug mlfor24h ResistancetoA hydrophila Chemotacticabilityofphagocytes PhagocyticactivityandchemiluminescenceRainbowtroutin5ug mlfor30min Phagocyticactivityandindex Specificantibodytiters2minlaterinA salmonicidaO antigenbacterin FK 565 FK 156Lactoyltetrapeptide isolatedfromculturesofStreptomycesolivaceogriseus isactiveagainstmicrobialinfectioninmice FK 565isthesyntheticderivativeofFK 156 Heptanoyl y D glutamyl L meso diaminopimelyl D alanine 庚酮 谷氨酸 内消旋 二氨基庚二基 丙氨酸 FK 565inRainbowtrout InjectionofFK 565 ResistancetoA salmonicida ActivationofphagocyticcellsInjectionofFK 565withY ruckeriO antigenorA salmonicidaO antigen Numberofsplenicantibody producingcells Specificantibodytiters Polysaccharides glucanChitinChitosanOligosaccharideLentinanSchizophyllan Beta 1 3 Dglucan Zymosan 酵母聚糖Thenudecellwallofsaccharomycescerevisiae1940 sDr PillemerLouisAnti tumoreffectinmouseProteins lipidsandotherimpuritiesToxityandside effects Zymocell Purified 1 3 DglucanAnti diabetesAnti high lipidsAnti infectionafterhighriskoperationIncreaseofmarrowandwhitebloodcellsafterlethalradiation purity 85 orhigherslightlybeigeveryfineparticulatefreefromproteinsandlipids MechanismofUptake Particulatesof2umindiametercouldbeeasilyengulfedbymacrophages BetaGlucanEnhancesFourKeysImmuneResponses Productionofwhitebloodcellsthatdestroypathogens CellularmobilizationWBCtothesiteofaforeignchallenge Phagocyticcapacityortheabilitytoengulfnon selfcells Productionofreactiveoxygenintermediatesandotheragentsthatkilltheforeigners BetaGlucanStimulatesPost RadiationHematopoieticRecoveryinMice BetaGlucanStimulatesPost RadiationHematopoieticRecoveryinMice 1 3 DglucanIncreasesPhagocyticCapacityofHumanInnateImmuneCells 多糖的分子量 8kDa 500kDa 多糖的分枝度 分支度在0 2 0 33抗肿瘤的效果最佳 BetaGlucaninaquaculture 与体液因子及免疫细胞的特异受体结合15 30mg kg体重或0 5 1g kg饲料Infish促进M 向病灶转移 ROS 抗病毒 抗应激 显著提高疫苗效价InshellfishPO 酚氧化酶原系统 activity通过多种途径参与机体的防御反应 附 虾蟹贝类的免疫系统 Hemocytesprophenoloxidase phenoloxidase PO 氧化酪氨酸 二羟基苯丙氨酸等 生成苯醌中间产物 最终生成黑色素 Oysterhemocyte Peptidoglycan Lipopolysaccharide Peptidoglycan MechanismsofPeptidoglycan InvertebratesActivateT BlymphocytesActivatephagocytesActivatecompletesystem通过血小板溶解释放多种药理活性物质诱发抗体的产生和补体的生成 EffectsofPeptidoglycaninaquaculture 混饲 6 60mg kg体重或0 2 2g kg饲料 降低条件致病菌感染引起的死亡率 预防病毒感染 防御寄生虫侵袭 与抗生素合用具有协同作用 作为疫苗的佐剂增强抗原细胞的信号分子被有效呈递 促进淋巴细胞产生抗体 促进机体生长 提高生长率 存活率 饲料利用率 EffectsofPeptidoglycaninFish 从嗜热双歧杆菌 Bifidobacteriumthermophilum 细胞壁中提取的肽聚糖 提高虹鳟 Oncorhynchusmykiss 对弧菌病 五条鰤 Seriolaquinqueradiata 对链球菌病和日本对虾 Penaeusjaponicus 对弧菌病与病毒性血症的抵抗力 EffectsofPeptidoglycaninShrimp 促进小颗粒细胞脱粒 抗菌肽的分泌激发细胞黏附 包囊作用促进ROS生成提高透明细胞的吞噬功能激活丝氨酸蛋白酶原 激活酚氧化酶系统 Lipopolysaccharide LPS 脂多糖 MechanismsofLPS 淋巴细胞有丝分裂原巨噬细胞激活剂 M ROS 嗜菌作用刺激对虾防御细胞的功能 嗜菌 黑色素沉着 包囊和凝结 注射0 01 0 05mg kg体重混饲6 60mg kg体重或0 2 2g kg饲料 LPSofA stenohalis Achromobacterstenohalis isolatedfromseawater Inmouse macrophages B lymphocytes Anti tumoreffectsInwhite spottedcharInjectwithinactivatedA stenohalisChemiluminescentresponsesofkidneycells Complementactivation ResistancetoA salmonicidachallenge Muramyldipeptide MDP 胞壁酰二肽 DerivedfromMycobacteriumIncohosalmon injectionofMDP modifiedFreund sincompleteadjuvant 47 foldincreaseinresistancetoA salmonicidaInrainbowtrout injectionofMDP LysPhagocyticactivities respiratoryburstandmigrationactivitiesofkidneyleucocytes ResistancetoA salmonicida ChitinandChitosan EffectsofchitinandchitosaninFish Injectio