初三英语(主要句式,疑问句) 2.doc

教育学科教师辅导教案 学员编号： 年 级： 课 时 数：3学员姓名：YYY 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：XX 课 题主要句式介绍；疑问句考点解析教学目的1.介绍初中所学主要句式2.详细讲解疑问句考点授课日期年月日教学内容Step 1 主要句式考点学习 初中所学的句型一般要分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。陈述句陈述句中有肯定句与否定句之分。其中可以分为以下五种： 主语不及物动词。如：I arrived at six last night. 主语及物动词宾语，如：I bought a good English. Chinese Dictionary yesterday. 主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语，如：Please tell me a story before I go to bed. 这样可加双宾语的句子有buy, tell, give, ask, pass, teach. 主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语，如：I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy. 主语系动词表语，如：Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring.在初中常见的句型中有There be句型，表示存在某种事物，如：There is a map on the wall其be动词的形式要与其后面相近的那个名词相一致。要注意的是这种句型加入助动词后，也要保持be动词，不要换用have,如：There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.在句子结构中要注意主谓一致的问题，即句子的主语与谓语动词要相呼应。要注意的有如下几点：（1）用and连接两个主语时一般应视为复数，但如一人身兼两职时则要用单数谓语动词形式，如：A singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer 既歌唱又可舞的演员。而 a singer and a dancer 则要译为：一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。（2）有些以 s 结尾的名词谓语动词要用单数，如： The news is good（news 为不可数名词）。（3）有量词时应按量词的数量计算；如：This pair of glasses is good. My glasses are broken. （4）有些形单却意为复数的名词，如：People are coming here这样的词还有 Police， 如果要讲一个警察时，应讲 a policeman。两个警察为two policemen。又如 a policewoman, two policewomen（5）所有不定代词 each， either， neither， one， the other， nobody， nothing， anyone， anything， someone，something 要作为单数如：Someone is waiting for you在并列句中表示联合关系的连词有：and not only but also，neither nor，either or 如：My sister and my parents are going to the cinema。 表示转折关系的并列连词有： but 和 yet， 如： She is a good student, but she didnt pass the final exam. 又如：I think the news is strange, yet it is true. 表示选择关系的连词有：or，either or，如：Hurry up, or you will be late for school.表示因果关系的并列连词有：for，so 如：They studied very hard，so they all passed the exam。在初中范围复合句中主要有状语从句和宾语从句（名词性从句）两种，而定语从句（形容词性从句）要在高中讲述，为了使同学阅读文章方便，我们将在下面另一章予以介绍。我们首先来看宾语从句。 在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如：I knew the man, 而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如： I knew that he was a good man 这时宾语从句的连接词有 that, （that 只在从句中起联接作用，不在句中充当语法成分，既不是主语也不是宾语，所以在口语中常常被省略。如： I am sure （that） she has passed the exam. if, whether 它们在宾语从句中只起连接作用，不起语法作用，当作是否讲。从句中有 or not 结构时，要用 whether, 如： I ask him if （whether） he has had his lunch I asks him whether he has had his lunch or not. what 它在宾语从句中除了作连接词外，还要作主语或宾语成份，如： I dont understand what you said （what 作 said 的宾语）。又如： I asked him what made him sick （what 在宾语从句中作主语）。 who，它也和what一样，在句中除作连接词外，可以充当句中的成份，如：I know who she is looking for? whose 如： I want to know whose book this is? which 如： Do you know which book is mine?在连接词中还有4个常用的连接副词。（1）how 它的应用最广，如： how much, how many, how long, how soon, how old 。如： How much does it cost?（2）when 它只是连接时间状语，如： Please tell me when the meeting will begin?（3）where 它连接地点状语，如： Where are you from? （4）why 它要连接的是原因状语从句，如： The teacher asked why Tom didnt come to school. 在考试中常见到的考点是：宾语从句的时态与主句时态的呼应问题。 主句谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时，宾语从句的时态可以是任何所需要的时态，如： I know he didnt come. 我知道他没来。I know he will come tomorrow. 我知道他明天来。I know he has gone to London.我知道他已去伦敦了。 主句中的谓语动词若是过去时，宾语从句也要用过去时态中的某一种。比如： 一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。除了在表达宇宙中的客观真理时，不能用现在时态。如： I wanted to know when he would come. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun.状语从句主要有时间状语从句，其连接词有：after， before， when， as， as soon as， until （till），while，since，by.其中较难掌握的有以下几点：until （till） 直到，在用 until 表达时间状语的句子中，主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词，它要用肯定句，如： I studied hard until 12 oclock last night. 如果动词是瞬间截止性动词，则要用否定句，如： He didnt go to bed until his mother came back. 由since， for， by， before 来引导的时间状语从句。 since 引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间，如： I have studied English since . 而由 by 引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间，如： I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term. 而before 则多用于完成时， ago 则多用于一般过去时，如： He had finished his work before twelve yesterday. I left my hometown two years ago. 在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。它们可能是主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，如： If it rains, they wont go to the park on Sunday. 也可以主句是一般过去时，从句用一般过去进行时，如： He said if it rained the next day he would not go to the park. 考试中常见的考点有：要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句，因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态，如： I want to know if he will come here tomorrow. 在宾语从句中的条件状语从句与主句的关系，如： I want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrow.在原因状语从句中主要是 because， 应译为因为。它表达的因果关系最强，如： He didnt pass the exam because he didnt study hard. since 应译为既然，如： Since you were ill yesterday I left some notes on your desk.as 应译为由于，如： As it is too hot wed better go swimming since 与 as 所表达的因果关系远比 because 弱得多。而 for 表达的因果关系最弱。它不能用于句首，如： He studies hard, for he wants to go to college.在比较状语从句中有同级比较 as as， 如： This book is as good as that one.要注意的有两点： as as 中间要用原级而不是比较级。 用形容词还是副词，如： Mary writes as carefully as Tom. 而其否定句为 not as （so） as， 如： They didnt work so hard as we did, 而不同级比较用比较级加 than, 如： He is younger than I am. 要注意的是表示越来越这一概念时有两个句型： 比较级and比较级，如： The days are getting longer and longer The little girl is becoming more and more beautiful. 定冠词 the 比较级 the 比较级，如： The harder you study, the more you can learn.方式状语中要注意的是as （连词）与 like （介词）的区别。 as 作为连词其后接从句，如：Please do it as I did it. 但后面的句子常作省略，如： Please do it as I. 而 like 是介词，其后要接的是宾语，如：Please do it like me结果和目的状语从句主要有 so that， so that， in order that等几种用法。 so that用在单数可数名词前，so 形容词 a 名词 that，如： She is so beautiful a girl that everyone likes her. 或用 such a 形容词 名词 that, 如： She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her. 在不可数名词或可数名词复数前只能用 such， 如： It is such good weather we want to go for a picnic. 又如： They are such good players that they should win the game. 在much， many， few， little 之前只能用so， 如： I have so little money that I cant buy it. so that 之间只有形容词时，则不能用 such， 如： It is so good that I want to buy. so that 其后接从句，如： I got up earlier so that I could catch the first bus.练一练1. There _ a pencilbox on the deskA. is B. are C. has D. have2. Could you tell me _?A. Mrs King where lives B. where does Mrs King live C. where Mrs King lives D. Mrs King lives where3. Your brother came to see you，_?A. does he B. doesnt he C. did he D. didnt he 4. Its getting cloudy，_?A. does it B. doesnt it C. is it D. isnt it5. _ keep me waiting so longA. Not B. Wont C. Dont D. Not to6. Mr Green hasnt been to Beijing, _?A. has he B. hasnt he C. did he D. didnt he7. You have your lunch at school, _?A. have you B. havent you C. do you D. dont you 8. _ sunny day! Lets go out for a walkA. How a B. How C. What a D. What9. -Can you tell me _? -Sure Shes a nurseA. where is your sister B. where your sister is C. what is your sister D. what your sister is10. John likes listening to the radio，_?A. does he B. doesnt he C. doesnt John D. does Johe11. Neither you nor I _ on the teamA. are B. were C. am D. is12. _ delicious food!Id like some more.A. what a B. How a C. What D. How13. _ there a cat under the chair?A. Are B. Is C. Has D. Have14. Could you tell me _?A. when the train will arrive B. when the train arrived C. when did the train arrive D. when does the train arrives15. -_ bad weather! -Yes，But its going to be fine soon，I thinkA. How B. What a C. What an D. WhatKeys：1【答案】 A.【析】There be 句形中的 be 动词要看其后面离它最近的名词而定，如： There are two books and a pencil on the desk 但却可以讲 There is a pencil and two books on the desk2【答案】 C.【析】宾语从句中的疑问句要用陈述语序。3【答案】 D.【析】前句是肯定句，后面反意疑问句要用否定句，同时 came 为过去时态，所以应用 didnt he4【答案】 D.【析】要区分s 是 has 还是 is， 这里由 getting 得出s 是is。5【答案】 C.【析】Dont 动词原形为祈始句的否定句。6【答案】 A.【析】此句 has 是助动词与过去分词构成现在完成时态。7【答案】 D.【析】这里的 have 是实意动词“吃”，而不是助动词。8【答案】 C.【析】这个感叹句是个省略句，其真实的句子应为 What a sunny day it is!9【答案】 D.【析】who 问的是姓名，如： Who is he? He is Smith 或 He is my father What 问的是职业，如： What is he? He is a teacher10【答案】 B.【析】当名词作主语时，反意疑问句应用代词。11【答案】 C.【析】由 neither nor 作连接词作主语时，其谓语动词要与相临近的那个主语相呼应。12【答案】 C.【析】因 food 为不可数名词。13【答案】 B.【析】这是 there be 句型的疑问句。14【答案】 A.【析】could 用于现在时疑问句表达了口气的委婉，并不是过去时态。且宾语从句要用陈述语句。15【答案】 D.【析】weather 为不可数名词。Step 2 疑问句考点学习 What time do you V .?结构问句：What timedodoes主词原形动词？ 答句：主词（某人）一般动词时间。说明此句型意为“某人几点做某事？”助动词 do 或 does 的选择依主词而定，若主词为第三人称单数，用 does；其它用 do。What time do you get up? I usually get up at six. 你几点起床？我通常六点起床。What time does he go to bed? He usually goes to bed at ten.他几点就寝？他通常十点就寝。What time does your class begin? It begins at eight-ten. 你的课几点开始？八点十分开始。 What day is today?结构问句：What day is today？答句：ItsSundayMonday。说明此句型意为“今天是星期几？今天是星期日星期一。”it可用于指“星期的名称”，但 this或 that 不可以；一星期七天的名称，都是专有名词，开头的首字母要大写，前面不加冠词。What day is today? Its Sunday. 今天是星期几？今天是星期日。What day is today? Its Wednesday. 今天是星期几？今天是星期三。、What day is today? Its Saturday. 今天是星期几？今天是星期六。 How many N are there .结构问句：How many复数名词are there inon名词？ 答句：There isare单数（复数）名词inon名词。说明此句型意为“在某处有多少？在某处有。”该句型中，many 修饰复数名词；又因本句型是疑问句，故用 are there，不可用 there are。How many seasons are there in a year? There are four seasons in a year.一年有几个季节？ 一年有四季。How many days are there in a week? There are seven days in a week.一星期有几天？ 一星期有七天。How many lessons are there in this book? There are twelve lessons in this book.这本书里有几课？ 这本书里有十二课。 How many . do you have?结构问句：How many复数名词dodoes主词have？ 答句：主词havehas复数名词。 答句：主词dontdoesnt have复数名词。说明“How many”后面接复数可数名词，复数名词的前面可用 many，a lot of，a few，some，few，any，no 等修饰。How many books do you have? I have a lot of books. （I dont have any books.）你有几本书？ 我有许多书。（我没有书。）How many sweaters do you have? I have three sweaters. （I dont have any sweaters.）你有几件毛衣？ 我有三件毛衣。（我没有毛衣。）How many friends does she have? She has a lot of friends. （She doesnt have many friends.）她有几个朋友？ 她有许多朋友。（她没有许多朋友。） How much . do you have?结构问句：How much单数不可数名词dodoes主词have？ 答句：主词havehas单数不可数名词。 答句：主词dontdoesnt have单数不可数名词。说明“How much”后面接单数不可数名词，单数不可数名词前面可用 much， a little，some，little，any，no 等修饰。How much tea does he have? He has a lot of tea. （He doesnt have any tea.）他有多少茶？ 他有很多茶。（他没有茶。）How much homework do they have? They have a lot of homework. （They dont have much homework.）他们有多少家庭作业？ 他们有许多家庭作业。（他们没有许多家庭作业。）How much fruit do they have? They have a lot of fruit. （They dont have a lot of fruit.）他们有多少水果？ 他们有许多水果。（他们没有许多水果。） How much do（es）. cost?结构How much do（es）某物cost？说明此句型意为“某物值多少钱？”。how much 用来询问商品的价格。还可以写作：“How much be 动词某物？”。How much does this computer cost? （=How much is this computer?）这部电脑值多少钱？How much do the vegetables cost? 这些蔬菜值多少钱？How much do the movie tickets cost? 这些电影票值多少钱？ Did . V .结构Did主词原形动词过去时间？说明将肯定句中的过去式改为“Did原形动词”，并将 Did 放在句首，句尾用问号，即构成过去式的疑问句。Did Sue have her breakfast at eight? 苏在八点钟吃过早餐了吗？ Do you ever V .?结构问句：DoDoes主词ever原形动词？答句：No，主词never一般动词（加s或es）。说明ever 通常用于疑问句，never 通常用于否定回答；never 也可放在句首，后接原形动词，形成否定祈使句，如例句4。Do you ever use a computer? No, I never use a computer.你曾经使用电脑吗？不，我未曾使用过电脑。Does Tom ever get up late? No, Tom never gets up late.汤姆曾经晚起床吗？不，汤姆未曾晚起床过。Does Sally ever play the piano? No, Sally never plays the piano.萨莉曾经弹钢琴吗？不，萨莉未曾弹过钢琴。Never be late for school, Bill. 比尔，上学绝不可迟到。 What year was he born in?结构What dateyearwaswere主词bornonin？说明此句型意为“你出生于几月几日（那一年）？”。born 是原形动词bear 的过去分词，在文法上当形容词，前面常有 was 或 were；中文说“某人出生”，英语应说：“某人waswere born”。What year were you born in? 你出生于那一年？What date was your mother born on? 你母亲出生于几月几日？ What will you do on .?结构What willdid主词doon时间？说明此句型意为“某人在某时间将做什么？（未来式）某人在某时做了什么事？（过去式）”。指特定的日期（如几月几日）、星期几或星期几的早上（下午，晚上），要用介系词on。What will they do on Christmas Eve? 他们在圣诞夜将做什么事？What will Helen do on her birthday? 海伦在她生日那天将做什么事？What did Mary do on Youth Day? 玛丽在青年节做了什么事？What did the suspect do on July ninth? 嫌疑犯在七月九日做了什么事情？ How do you V .?结构问句：Howdo主词一般动词？ 答句：主词一般动词情状副词。说明How 是问情况的疑问副词，表示“怎样？”。用于说明“状态或性质”的副词，称为情状副词。当用来修饰不及物动词时，情状副词位于其后；当用来修饰及物动词时，情状动词位于及物动词的前面或后面。How did you do your work? I did my work happily.你怎样做你的工作？ 我很快乐地做了我的工作。 How did Mrs. Lin look at Mr. Lin? She looked at Mr. Lin coldly.林太太怎样注视林先生？ 她冷漠地注视林先生。How does Mr. Wang drive his taxi? He drives his taxi carefully. 王先生怎样驾驶他的计程车？ 他小心地驾驶他的计程车。You are .，arent you?结构肯定句，否定式助动词主词？说明这是一种反意疑问句，其结构特点是：第一部分是肯定式，第二部分就用否定式。直述句的主词是名词时，附加问句的主词要用代名词代替：it 代替 this，that，不定词（当主词）或动名词（当主词）等；they 代替 these，those， people 等。下列助动词的否定缩写式较易弄错：will notwont；would not wouldnt；should notshouldnt；can notcant；could notcouldnt； might notmightnt；ought notoughtnt。直述句有一般动词现在式，则附加问句用 do 或 does 代替；有一般动词过去式，则附加问句用 did 代替。Theyre ready, arent they?（读降调）他们准备好了吧？（读升调）他们准备好了，不是吗？ Mike has a car, doesnt he?（读降调）麦克有辆车，是吧？（读升调）麦克有辆车，不是吗？ The secretary typed the letter, didnt she? 是秘书打了这封信，不是吗？ They will go to Europe, wont they? 他们将去欧洲，不是吗？ You are the teacher, arent you?你就是老师，不是吗？ I suppose you have been in our woods, havent you?我推想你在我们的森林里呆过，不是吗？ I know he had a good time last night, didnt he? 我知道他昨天晚上玩得很愉快，不是吗？ The wall plug is broken, isnt it? 墙上的插座坏了，不是吗？ Clean parks are beautiful, arent they? 干净的公园是美丽的，不是吗？You can do it, cant you? 你会做它，不是吗？ We should rise early, shouldnt we? 我们应该早起，不是吗？He isnt ., is he?结构否定句，肯定式助动词主词？说明这是另一种反意疑问句。否定结构在第一部分，第二部分就要用肯定结构。对反意疑问句的回答和对否定式一般疑问句一样，要看答句。He isnt a manager, is he? - Yes, he is. （No, he isnt.）他不是经理，是吧？不，他是经理。（是的，他不是经理。）Mike doesnt have a car, does he? 麦克没有车，是吗？The secretary didnt type the letter, did she?秘书没有打过这封信，是吗？They wont go to Europe, will they?他们不会去欧洲，是吗？You arent the teacher, are you?你不是老师，是吗？I dont think he can answer the question, can he? 我想他无法回答这个问题，是吗？What in the world .?结构疑问词in the worldon earthever其他说明此句型意为“究竟？到底？”。这是特殊疑问句的强调说法。in the world，on earth 和 ever是强调疑问词的片语。How in the world will he do it?他到底将如何做这件事？What in the world do you mean?你的意思究竟是什么？How on earth did you know it?你到底是怎么知道的？Who on earth told you that?那件事究竟是谁告诉你的？Where ever did you lose it?你到底在哪儿丢的呀？What in the world are they hoping for? 他们到底想要什么？ Are you . or .?结构一般疑问句（读升调）or一般疑问句（读降调）说明此句型意为“是还是？。这是选择疑问句，前面都是一般疑问句，后面的问句如与前面有相同的部分，都可以省略。Shall we come to see you or will you come to see us?是我们来找你们，还是你们来找我们？ Are you from the America or from the England? 您是美国人还是英国人？ Will he go on Monday or on Tuesday? 他是星期一走还是星期二走？ Would you like coffee or tea? 你是要咖啡还是茶？What ., A or B?结构特殊疑问句（读降调），A（读升调）or B（读降调）说明这种选择疑问句使用得相当广泛，其特点是：前面的特殊疑问句已经明确地指出了要问的内容，再补充几项具体事物让对方做出肯定的答复。其语调是“降升降”调。 What would you like coffee or tea? 你要什么？咖啡还是茶？Which would you rather to buy silk or cotton? 您想买什么？丝还是棉？ Where did you go: to Tianjin or to Beijing? 您去了哪里？天津还是北京？When will you go to the Fair, tomorrow or some other day? 你何时去交易会？明天还是另找哪一天？. what/which .结构主要子句疑问词（whathowwhichwhy 等）子句说明这是间接疑问句。疑问词后面的语句采用正常词序，不采用特殊疑问句所用的倒装词序。全句末尾大多用句点，但也有用问号的。直接问句改为间接问句或间接句时，原先的疑问句要改为肯定句或否定句的顺序；助动词如 will，should，would， must，may，can 等，须照抄，不可去掉；助动词如 do，does，did，必须去掉，再将它后面的原形动词改为适当的形式。 Id like to know how old the manager is. 我想知道经理有多大年纪。 He inquired how it was done. 他问这事做得怎么样了。Please advise me which item I should buy. 请问我该先买哪个品种。 Tell me why it is so important? 告诉我为什么此事这么重要？ They do not know what the words mean. 他们不知道这些字的意思是什么。 Tell me what happened yesterday. 告诉我昨天所发生的事。 What they talked about is what we want to know. 他们谈论什么是我们所想要知道的事。 She washed her hair every night and measured how much it grew in a week. 她每晚洗头发，而且量量看一星期长多少。 You will never know how much your encouragement meant to me. 你决不会知道你的鼓励对我多么有意义。. whether/if .结构主要子句whetherif子句说明此句型意为“是否”。口语中使用 if 较为普遍。如果子句中带有 or not 等词，则只能用 whether；另外，whether 不能引导否定的间接疑问句，而 if 则可以。 He asked me the question whether the price was too high. 他问我价格是否太高。 They asked him whether the quality is fine or not. 他们问他质量是否好。 Tell me whether you like this color. 告诉我你喜不喜欢这种颜色。 Tell me if it doesnt rain. 告诉我是否下不了雨。 Ask him if it is true. 问他那是不是真的。 I wonder if he is in the school. 我想知道他是否在学校。Do you know if/where .结构一般疑问句疑问词（whatwherewhen 等）子句说明此句为双重疑问句。疑问词后面采用正常词序，不用倒装词序。 Can you tell me where the teacher has gone? 你能告诉我老师到哪里去了吗？ Have you any idea where he comes from? 他是哪里人，您知道不知道？ Do you know if they like this new item? 你知道他们是否喜欢这个新品种？ Do you know who wants to go with me? 你知道谁想跟我一起去吗？ Do you know when the train will leave? 你知道火车何时开吗？ Can you tell me how much you earn a month? 你能告诉我你一个月赚多少吗？He is ., is he?结构肯定式陈述句肯定式反问句说明这种疑问句型的前后一致，都是肯定式结构。后一部分进一步强调前一部分的内容，是不需要回答的一种修辞方式。 We are old friends, not strangers, right? 我们是老朋友了，不是陌生人，是吗？ Hes a capable businessman, is he? 他是一位很有能力的业务员，可不是吗？ So you come importing Chinese textiles, do you? 原来你是来进口中国纺织品的，是么？ So youve been to Shanghai, have you? 原来你去过上海，是吧？. what .?结构疑问词（在句中任何位置上）说明疑问词不是位于句子开头，而是在句子中任何位置上，这种方法十分简单，因此在口语中经常出现。 Two times what number makes ten? 什么数的两倍是十？ You will go where? 你要到哪里去？ You are twenty-what this year? 你今年二十几岁？ Hes your who? 他是你什么人？What/How about N/V-ing?结构WhatHow abo