动词、形容词、副词.docx

小学英语语法之 动词动词的意义：动词时表示动作或者状态的词。动词的分类：1. 实义动词 (1) 又称行为动词，能够独立作谓语。We love animals very much.The sun sets in the west.(2) 分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词之后可以直接接宾语，而不及物动词后不可接宾语。I like reading books very much.The sun goes up.2. 连系动词：即为系动词，不能够单独作谓语，必须和名词、形容词等一起使用作句子的谓语。（1） 表状态的连系动词: be, look, smell, sound, feel, keepI dont feel well today.The garden looks very beautiful.（2） 表转换或结果的连系动词: become, get, grow, turn, go ,come,The song sounds beautiful.The weather is becoming warmer and warmer.3. 助动词：是帮助实义动词完成某些语法功能的动词。助动词本身没有实义，不能单独作谓语，主要有be, do, have(has,had).I am a worker.Do you have a sister?助动词的特征及用法助动词功能举例Be(am, is , are, was,were)构成进行时 is doing homework构成系表结构 is beautifulHave(has,had)构成完成时态 Have/has doneDo(did,does)构成疑问句、否定句do/does/did 加强语气替代主要动词4. 情态动词：表示说话人对某一动作或者状态的态度。情态动词词义不完全，不能够单独作谓语，只能与动词原形一起构成谓语。小学阶段常见情态动词有can,must, need, will, may, could.Can you swim across the river?I must go to school be 7 oclock or Ill be late.动词的几种基本形式1. 动词原形:无变化2. 第三人称单数现在时（与第三人称单数的形式构成和名词复数构成法相似）情况变法举例一般情况加 slooklooks-s,-x,ch-,sh,-o结尾加 eswatchwatches以“辅音字母+y”结尾把y改为i加esstudystudies3. 过去式规则变化情况变法举例一般情况加 edplayplayed以不发音字母e结尾加 ddancedanced以“辅音字母+y”结尾把y改成i加 edstudystudied重读闭音节动词双写尾字母加edstopstoppedTEST1.Everything _fast in spring.A. Begin B. grows C. grew D. began1. She _at five yesterday morning.A. Gets up b. went up C. got up D. was getting up2. What are you doing?-Im _a storybook.A. Reading B. reads C. seeing D. read3. Everyone _ here . Lets begin our class.A. Are B. is C. was D. be4. Did you _the apple, Lucy?A. Eat B. ate C. eats D. eating5. “_you ready?” the teacher asks.A. Can B. will C. shall D. are6. I_ fifteen next week.A. Am B. was C. were D. will be英语语法之 形容词形容词是用来修饰或描述名词（或代词），表示人或事物性质、状态和特征的词。一、形容词的分类：简单形容词 e.g. big, small, windy, cold, fine, black, old, happy复合形容词 e.g. good-looking, kind-hearted, warm-hearted二、形容词的位置1. 通常放在形容词前面Alice is a good student at school.2. 用在系动词的后面Joyces dress is nice.3. 用在不定代词后面There is something wrong with the watch.三、形容词的排列顺序描绘形容词 大小（长短高低）形容词 形状形容词 年龄（新旧）形容词 颜色形容词 国籍形容词 材料形容词 用途（类别）形容词 名词a tall fat English teacher四、形容词的比较等级1. 形容词的三个比较等级: 原级，比较级，最高级表示二者相比“等于”时用原级；二者比较有优势之分时用比较级；三者或三者以上的比较“最”的最高级。2. 形容词比较级的构成规则变化情况改法例词原级比较级最高级一般单音节词和少数双音节词比较级在词尾加-er,最高级在词尾加-esttalltallertallest以e结尾的单音节词比较级在词尾-r,最高级在词尾加-stlatelargelaterlargerlatestlargest以重读闭音节结尾，且词末只有一个辅音字母的词双写辅音字母，比较级加-er,最高级加-estbigthinhotbiggerthinnerhotterbiggestthinnesthottest以辅音字母+y结尾的词比较级改y为i加-er，最高级改y为i加-esteasyhappyeasierhappiereasiesthappiest多音节和部分双音节的词比较级在词前加more,最高级在词前加mostusefulmore usefulmost useful不规则变化原级比较级最高级Good, wellBetterbestBad, illWorseWorstLittleLessMostFarfurtherLeastMuch, manyMoreFurthestOldElder/olderEldest/oldestTEST写出下列单词的比较及最高级long_ good_ busy_ big_beautiful_ late_3. 形容词比较级的用法原级用于两个人或事物的比较，常用结构：“as+形容词原级+as”意为“和一样”Joyce is as tall as Alice.比较级 用于两个人或事物的比较，其形式为“形容词比较级+than”,意为“比更”English is easier than math.最高级 用于三个或三个以上事物之间的比较，其形式为“the+形容词最高级+比较范围”，意思为“最”Lucy is the eldest in the classroom.TEST 用所给词的适当形式填空1. This is _pear on the tree.(big)2. My aunt is getting _and _.(fat)3. Nancy is _girl in my class.(beautiful)小学英语语法之 副词副词的意义：用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词和全局的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。副词根据他们的意义，可以分为时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词和疑问副词。The house is very small.My answer is quite easy.副词的分类：时间副词：today, tomorrow, yesterday, always, often, now, before地点副词：here, there, down, up, down方式副词：slowly, badly, hard, fast程度副词：very, much, still, almost, too疑问副词：why, what, where, when,how副词的位置1. 副词修饰动词、动名词、名词是，通常放在被修饰词后。Im working carefully.He has never visited the Great Wall.2. 副词修饰形容词、副词时，通常位于被修饰的词前。The book is very interesting, I like it very much.She swims quickly enough.3. 副词修饰数词时，通常位于数词前。The women is over forty, but she looks very young.副词的排列顺序1. 副词表示时间地点时，小单位在前，大单位在后。Next week, Ill reach Kunming, China.Lucy was born on November 12th,1985,in Changchun, Jilin Province.