巧选定语从句关系副词法.doc

巧选定语从句关系副词法 定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两大类。很多同学在关系副词的选择上存在这样的思维定势：一见到先行词是表时间的名词，就用when引导定语从句；看到先行词是表地点的名词就用where；看到先行词是reason就用why引导定语从句。这显然是以偏概全。如果按照这样的方法做题，就会错误百出。例如：1. Anyway, that evening,_Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rechels place.(2004浙江)A. when B. where C. that D. which答案D2. Is this the reason_at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? (2002上海春季)A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained 答案A3Do you still remember the chicken farm_we visited three months ago? (2005北京春)A. whereB. when C. that D. what答案C定语从句中关系词的选择主要应由关系词在定语从句中充当的成分来决定。一般情况下，关系副词when, where和why在定语从句中分别充当时间、地点和原因状语。因此，如果先行词是表时间、地点或原因的名词，只要能判定定语从句中缺少状语，就可以从when, where和why中来选择定语从句的关系副词。在从句不缺少主语的情况下，可以从以下五种情况判定定语从句中缺少状语。一、定语从句的谓语是不及物动词定语从句中谓语是不及物动词时，不能加宾语，从句不缺少宾语而缺少状语。可根据先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词来选择关系副词when、where或 why来引导从句。例如：We will be shown around the city: schools, museums and some other places, where other visitors seldom go. (2002北京) 定语从句中谓语go是不及物动词，从句不缺少宾语而缺少状语，且先行词schools, museums and some other places指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，故用 where引导定语从句。又如：Do you still remember the day when he first arrived here? (arrive是不及物动词)Is this the reason why you got up so late?( get up是不及物动词短语) 常见的不及物动词或短语有：go, come, live, arrive, stay, listen, look, wait, sit, stand, happen, take place, break out, come out, come up等。有些动词既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词，如：study, speak, teach, return, write, leave, sing, see, start等，判断该动词在定语从句中是及物还是不及物动词可把作先行词的名词放在动词之后看是否能搭配，能直接搭配的是及物动词用法，反之为不及物动词用法。例如：Yucai Middle school is the one where Mr Wang taught two years ago. 不能说teach the one (school), 故teach在此句中为不及物动词用法。I dont like the subject which Mr Wang taught. 可以说teach the subject, 故teach在此句中是及物动词用法。二、定语从句的谓语是动宾结构定语从句的谓语部分是动宾结构时，从句不缺少宾语，一般缺少状语。可根据先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词来选择关系副词when、where或 why。例如：I walked in our garden, where Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. （2005辽宁）定语从句的谓语部分 tying a big sign是动宾结构，从句中缺少状语，且先行词是指地点的名词our garden，故用where引导定语从句。又如：Ill never forget the day when I joined the army. Those are the reasons why he refused me yesterday.注：有些动词可加双宾语，如：give, tell, bring, pass, teach, lend, sell, buy, offer, show, send, take等，如先行词作这些动词的宾语，则应用关系代词引导定语从句。例如：I have lost the keys which he brought me yesterday.三、定语从句的谓语部分是系表结构定语从句的谓语部分是系表结构时，从句一般缺少状语。可根据先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词来选择关系副词when、where或 why。例如：Is this the house where Shakespear was born?定语从句的谓语部分was born是系表结构，从句缺少状语，且先行词是表地点的名词house，故用where引导定语从句。又如：He often told me stories about the years when he was very poor. I dont know the reason why he got angry just now.常见的系动词有be, get, become, turn, grow, go, remain, seem, stay, keep, lie, feel, look, sound, appear, taste, smell 等。四、定语从句的谓语部分是被动语态定语从句的谓语部分是被动语态时，从句一般缺少状语。可根据先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词来选择关系副词when、where或 why。 例如：The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that faraway village.(2001全国) 定语从句的谓语部分是被动语态was taken good care of，从句缺少状语，且先行词是表时间的名词hours, 故用when引导定语从句。又如：A fast food restaurant is the place where, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.（2004上海春） We are living in an agewhenmany things are done on computer. (2003北京春)I see no reason why this cannot be done right now.五、定语从句是There be 句型定语从句是There be句型时，从句一般缺少状语。可根据先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词来选择关系副词when、where或 why。例如：He lived in a village where there is a river around