形容词和副词的原级.doc

新版新目标-形容词和副词的比较等级 四河初中 Warren形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法总结 (1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是： 主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 + (very/too/so/quite/rather) + 形容词/副词原级 +. 如：He is very old now.(他现在很老了) They ran quite fast.(它们跑得相当快) The weather looks rather bad.(天气看上去相当糟) I am so happy!(我是如此的快乐)表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型： 主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物 +. 如：He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一样兴奋) Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.(莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢) They picked as many apples as the farmers (did).(他们摘的苹果和农民一样多)表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型： 主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词(否定式) + as / so + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物+. 如：He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他没他妹妹那么兴奋) Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢) They didnt pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did). (他们摘的苹果不如农民多)(2) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型： 主语(A)+谓语动词+(much/a little/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+第二个人物(B)+. 如：A modern train is much faster than a car.(现代的火车比轿车快多了) This book didnt cost me more than that one.(这本书花费我的钱不比那本多) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是： 主语(A) + 谓语动词 + less+ (多音节形/副)比较级 + than + 第二个人物(B) +. 如：I think English is less difficult than maths.(我认为英语不比数学难) Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language?(你认为学外语不那么重要吗？)(3)讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。句型是： 主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 +(the) +形容词/副词最高级 +in / of . 如：The Changjiang River is the longest in China.(长江是中国最长的河流) He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys).(三个男生中他跳得最高)回顾：原级的构成和用法l)构成：形容词，副词的原级形式是形容词2)用法：表示双方在程度，性质，特征等某方面相等时，用 as 十原级形容词或副词十 as的结构；表示双方不相等时，用 not so (as)十原级形容词或副词十 as的结构；3）表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用倍数十 as十原级形容词或副词十 as的结构e.g. MsSun speaks English as fluently as youThis building looks not so (as) high as that oneThis room is three times as large as that one.提到倍数用法，补充：表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：1) A is three(four，etc) times as big(high，long，wide，etc) as B如：Asia is four times as larger as Europe，亚洲是欧洲的四倍大(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)2) A is three(four，ete) times the size(height，length，width，ete) of B如；The new building is four times the size( the height) of the old one这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。(这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍高三倍)3) A is three(four，etc) times bigger ( higher，longer，wider，etc) than B如：Your school is three times bigger than ours，你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍(你们的学校是我们学校的四倍大)用 times表示倍数，一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数表示两倍可以用 twice或 doublelittle/few和many/much的比较级和最高级以及用法1）little less least修饰不可数名词2）few fewer fewest修饰可数复数名词3）much more most修饰不可数名词4）many more most修饰可数复数名词If you want to be thinner and healthier, youd better eat less food and take more exercise.(4)a bit, a little, not a bit, not a little的用法1）the +比较级+主谓，the+比较级+主谓：越。越。The harder he works, the happier he feels.2)比较级+and+比较级：越来越。The weather is getting colder and colder.(5) elder的用法1）不能单独用作表语，因为elder不是真正意义上的比较级My sister is older( than me). My sister is elder(than me)2) 描述家庭人员出生的先后She is the older of the two.他是姐妹中较大的一个。(6) 注意以下表达式的含义：the sameas(和一样)，no less than(不少于)，not less than(只有)，had better(最好)，less than(不到)，more or less(或多或少)，other than(除了)，rather than(而不是)，the morethe more/less(越就越) 6.比较级和最高级的构成1） 加-er,-est构成比较级和最高级。单音节形容词和副词 以不发音的-e结尾的high higher highest safe safer safesthard harder hardest late later latestsmall-smaller-smallest large-larger-largestnew-newer-newest nice-nicer-nicest辅音字母要双写的情况 以辅音加-y结尾的情况big bigger biggest dry drier driesthot hotter hottest merry merrier merriestthin thinner thinnest easy easier easiest2) 加more, most构成比较级和最高级多音节的形容词 expensive more expensive most expensive由形容词加-ly构成的副词slowly more slowly most slowly carefully more carefully most carefully highly more highly most highly以-ful, -less, -able ,-ous, -ive, -ing等结尾的双元音形容词useless more useless most uselessserious more serious most serious分词形容词tired, pleased及glad, often, real, right, wrong等单音节形容词。tired more tired most tiredglad more glad most glad 形容词和副词最高级的用法，most/mostly/almost/at most 的含义7.形容词和副词最高级的用法三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。表示最高程度时，用“the+最高级”的结构表示。最高级中表示比较范围的常用among, in, of 引导的介词短语或从句表示。Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.She is one of the most beautiful girls in our school.He works (the) hardest in his class.8. 用于修饰最高级的词最高级可以被序数词以及much, by far, nearly,，not quite，not really，nothing like等词语所修饰. 例如： This hat is by farmuchnearlyalmostnot nearlyby no means/not quitenothing like the biggest How much did the second most expensive hat coat?The Yellow River is the second longest in China.9. 由ing分词和ed分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如know known)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级more(most) interesting, more excited等。10表示最高程度的形容词，如 excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级1）. most, mostly, almost, at most的用法。most作副词，构成形容词和副词的最高级Most作副词，构成大多数双音节或多音节形容词和副词的最高级形式，前面常有定冠词。Which do you think is the most comfortable hotel in this town?2)most作副词，修饰形容词和副词，用来加强语气，表示：极，十分。前面不用定冠词。Its most dangerous to play with fire.3）most作形容词，修饰名词。 Most作形容词，意为“大多数的，大部分的，几乎全部的”，修饰名词，前面不用冠词。与most of同义，但most of后的名词前必须加冠词。Most of the students had