反意疑问句之特殊现象(杨健).doc

反意疑问句之特殊现象 芜湖县二中 杨 健反意疑问句常常用于会话以促使对方同意或要求对方确认自己的陈述，其基本原则是：a.主句肯定，附加否定；主句否定，附加肯定；b.主句中的主语和附加问句中的主语必须是同一人或同一物；c.附加问句与主句之间用一逗号分开。如：They agree with us,dont they?The mail is late,isnt it?但近年来中、高考试题中也出现了一些特殊的运用，现将此种情况归纳如下：1、主句为there be 句型，附加句的主语仍为there。e.g. There are many farmers in the fields,arent there? There seems to be much difficulty in explaining this to them,doesnt there?2、陈述部分谓语是used to +v. 疑问部分用didnt +S或usednt/usent+S.还可用used +S.+note.g. He used to stay up late,usednt/didnt/usent he?3、祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用will you表示请求，用wont you 表示提醒对方注意，用can you 表示告诉某人做某事。e.g. Open the window,will /wont/can you?但否定的析使句后不可以用wont you ,除用will you 外，还可用can you.e.g. Dont be late again,will/can you?4、Lets 开头表建议的祈使句，疑问部分常用shall we.表示征询意见，但Let us(me,him)后应加will you 或wont you.e.g. Lets have a rest,shall we? Let us go now,will /wont you? Let her in first,will/wont you?5、陈述部分是 I am，附加部分应用arent I(口语中aint I)/am I note.g. Im twenty years old,arent I?6、省略主语及Be的感叹句的附加疑问部分顺用一般 现在时的to be 的否定形式。e.g. What fine weather,isnt it? How clever the girl is ,isnt she?7、带dare的反意疑问句(1)dare 为情态动词，疑问部分用dare+Se.g. she dare go alone,darent she?(2)dare为实义动词，疑问部分用助动词do+Se.g. He doesnt dare to swim by himself,does he?8、带need的反意疑问句。(1)need 为情态动词，疑问部分用need+s.e.g. You neednt worry so much,need you?(2)need为实义动词，疑问部分用助动词do+s.e.g. My TV set needed repairing,didnt it?9、陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时，附加部分的主语用it,当主语是these或those时，附加部分的主语用they.e.g. Thats your ball-pen,isnt it? Those are NO.1 middle school students,arent they?10、陈述部分主语是something,everything,anything或nothing时，疑问部分主语用it.e.g. Something is wrong with my washing machine,isnt it? Nothing has happened,has it?11、陈述部分的主语是everyboby,anyone,somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nobody,no one,neither时，疑问部分的主语用they.e.g. Everybody is here,arent they? No one knows it,do they? Neither side could win,could they?12、陈述部分的谓语是wish,表示征求意见、询问等，疑问部分用may+s.e.g. I wish to go swimming this afternoon,may I? 13、带有宾语从句、定语从句、主语从句、状语从句、同位从句的主从复合句，根据主句的谓语动词来决定。e.g. He said she was used to going to bed late,didnt he? She uenderstood the meaning what he said,didnt she? What she said is true,isnt it? If you dont work hard,youll fail,wont you? The news that she has gone to Beijing is true,isnt it?14、陈述部分主语的谓语动词是think、believe、suppose、imagine expect等引导的宾语从句，疑问部分须与宾语从句构成反意疑问句。e.g. We believe she can do it better,cant she? I dont think you will fail in the friendly match,will you? 但如复合句中主句的主语为第二、三人称时，附加问句与主句中的主、谓保持一致。e.g. She didnt think I could find it out,did she?15、并列复合句的疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近的（也是最后一个）分句的谓语动词而定。e.g. He is a professor,but his lady is a doctor,isnt she?16、陈述部分的主语是主语从句，疑问部分的主语用it。e.g. What you need is more patience,isnt it?17、陈述部分的主语是不定式（短语）或动名词（短语），疑问部分的主语用it。e.g. To learn foreign language well isnt easy,is it? Swimming is great fun,isnt it?18、当陈述部分含有以下这些否定词（包括含有否定意义的词）时：如no,none,not,on one,nobody,nothing,never,neither,nor，few,little,seldom,hardly,scarcely等，其疑问部分必须用肯定结构。e.g. The little girl seldom goes out at night,does she? Few people know her,do they? Nobody made friends with him,did they?19、陈述部分含有ought to,其疑问部分多用shoudnt/oughtnt。e.g. They ought to ask their teacher for help,oughtt/shouldnt they?20、主句含有had better时，其附加部分一般用hadnt,也可用shouldnt。e.g Youd better be more careful,hadnt/shouldnt you?21、陈述部分含有Would rather+V.或Would like to+V.时,疑问部分常用Wouldnt+S。e.g. Shed rather die than give in,wouldnt she? youd like to have some oranges,wouldnt you?22、动词have作“有”解时，其反意问句用havent或dont+S.如表示“有”以外的意义时（如经历、遭受、得到、吃、喝、使、要等）其反意部分通常用dont的形式。e.g. Tom has three brothers,doesnt/hasnt he? You all had a wonderful time,didnt you?23、陈述部分含有have to +v.疑问部分用dont 较常见。e.g. You had to wait a long time for the bus,didnt you?24、（1）陈述部分含有must作“必须”讲，其否定式must not表示“不准”、“禁止”、“不许可”，而根据英语习惯，其附加部分大多用neednt.e.g. We must set off earily,neednt We?（2）陈述部分含有表示推测的情态动词must时，若must+be用来对现在情况进行推测，可当作一般现在时或现在进行时的反意疑问句处理。e.g. He must be working at the office ,isnt he? you must be very hungry,arent you?（3）若主语是must+完成式用来表示推测过去的动作持续到现在，就按现在完成式的反意疑问句来对待。e.g. You must have studied English for years,havent you?（4）must+完成式表示对过去情况的推测，可当一般过去时的反意疑问句处理。e.g. You must have come last week,didnt you?25、no one,none,nobody,nothing 在陈述部分作动词宾语时，疑问部分习惯用肯定结构，间或用否定结构。e.g. He has nothing to say.does he?/doesnt he? You got nothing from her,did you?/didnt you?26、None of + 不可数名词，疑问部分用肯定式，主语用it.None of + 可数名词，根据情况分别选用they you 或we.e.g. None of the coal was wasted,was it? None of the guests arrived on time,did they?27、陈述部分所含的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的，其后的附加部分依然要用否定结构。e.g. Its unfair,isnt it? You are hopeless,arent you?28、在口语中，当对某人的话表示怀疑或讥讽时，往往简略重复对方话语之后，再加反意疑问句，且陈述部分和疑问部分的动词要取得一致要么都用肯定形式，要么都用否定形式，但回答者先用Yes或No时，则不一定强求一致。e.g.(1)Tom told me he saw a ghost last night. He did,did he? (2)You mustnt listen to her .for she is a cheater. Oh. I mustnt ,mustnt I?29、强调句的反意疑问句，主语仍为it,谓语仍为be.e.g. It was yesterday that you bought that book,wasnt it?30.So , or. Oh.前后两部分一致 E,g,So you dont like my cooking, dont you? Oh, you have won the first prize, have you? He is Tom, or is he?31.不定代词one作主语, 附加疑问句主语用one /he E,g, One cant be always young, can one/he?32.each of .作主语, 附加疑问句主语用he /they E,g,Each of the boys had an apple, didn t he/they?33.some of .作主语, 附加疑问句主语用it/they E,g,Some of the food was delicious, wasnt it? Some of the workers have come back, havent they?34.由neithernor., not only.but also,bothand,eitheror,notbut Or, and连接的并列主语, 附加疑问句主语用复数代词 E,g,Neither you nor I am wrong, are we? Both Tom and Jack came, didnt they?35.the +adj.表示一类人作主语, 附加疑问句主语用复数代词they E,g,Th