第5.6讲 名词性从句.doc

第一讲 名词性从句试一试：完成以下题目，并分别指出它们是什么从句1._ the baby could speak made his parents very happy. （主语从句）A. That B. What C. Why D. If2. I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home. （宾语从句）A. that B. if C. whether D. what3. This is _ he was often late for school. （表语从句）A. what B. that C. why D. whether4. We all know the truth _ the earth _ around the sun. （同位语从句）A. if; moved B. that; moves C. why; move D. whether; move一名词性从句的概念： 一个句子在连接词的引导下，在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。二名词性从句的功能： 相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。His job is important. (主语)What he does is important. (主语) This is his job. (表语)This is what he does every day. (表语)I dont like his job. (宾语) I dont like what he does every day. (宾语) I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher. (同位语)I dont know about the man, Mr. White. (同位语)得出结论：因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分为四类，即：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。三引导名词性从句的连接词：1、连接代词：who, whoever, whose, whom, whomever, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。操练1：(1)_Who_ breaks the law should be punished.2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。操练2：(1)Parents are thought to understand _how_ important education is to their childrens future.(2)The reason _why_ he was absent was that he was ill.3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if, as though。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。操练3：(1)I dont care about _whether_ you have money or not.(2)The problem is _that_ Tom is able to arrive on time.(3)It looks _as if_ it is going to rain.(4)The truth is _that_he didnt come for the concert.(5)_That_ the earth is round is true.四名词性从句的类型：1. 主语从句：在复合句中作主句的主语。连接词有that, whether; who, what ,which; when ,where, how, why 等。 如:操练4：(1)_That_ he is a famous singer is known to us.(2)_When_ he will go to America is not yet fixed.(3)_Whether_ shes coming or not doesnt matter too much. (4)_Who_ broke the glass yesterday is not clear.注意：1. 为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻, 经常用it作形式主语, 主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。记住以下it作形式主语的句型：Its likely / possible / important / necessary / clear that很可能 / 重要的是 / 必要的是 / 很清楚Its said / reported that据说/据报道It seems / appears / happens that显然、明显、碰巧Its been announced / declared that已经通知/宣布Its no wonder that并不奇怪/无疑Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知）/ a common saying（俗话说）that操练5：(1)It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for(2)It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.A. how B. that C. when D. what(3)It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm.A. which B. where C. what D. that2. 单个的主语从句作主语时， 谓语动词用句单数形式；如果是两个或两个以上的主语作主语，谓语动词则视情况而定。When and where he was born hasnt been found.When he was born and where he was born havent been found.When and why the person was murdered is still unknown.When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.操练6(1)._ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever(2)Its not clear _ was responsible for the accident.A. Who B. What C. How D. That2. 表语从句：在复合句中作主句的表语。引导词有连词that , whether, as if, as though; who, what, which, whose; when, where, how, why, because 等。如:操练7(1)The problem is _that_ we didnt get in touch with him.(2)This is _why_ Henry solved the problem. (3)His suggestion is _that_ we (should) finish the work at once.(3)It looked _as if _ it was going to rain.(4)The reason _why_ we didnt trust him is _that_ he has often lied注意：1. 如果句子的主语是suggestion, advice, order, demand, proposal等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作. His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.2. The reason is that 的理由是， 的原因是操练8：(1)The reason _why_ he was late again was _that_ he was caught in the traffic jam.(2)The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed.A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because 3. It is because 这是因为操练9：(1)This is _ she was born.A. where B. which C. that D. what(2)The question is _ we cant go there today.A. that B. what C. which D. when(3)The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time.A. because B. why C. that D. what(4)My advice is that he _ school by bike.A. go to B. would go to C. goes to D. went to(5)_ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that 当堂检测(一)指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种?1. What he wants is a book. 主语从句2. It is so nice that we can learn this grammar point together. 主语从句3. The problem is whether you can sing it well. 表语从句4. That he wants a book is certain. 主语从句5. Whether you like him or not doesnt matter too much. 主语从句6. Im so glad that I can make friends with you. 表语从句7. This is why he did it. 表语从句（二） 翻译填空1. 我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_When_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.2 我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I dont know _who_ broke the glass yesterday.3我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _what_ he looks like.4这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _where_ I left my glasses.（三）单项选择1._ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever4. The reason why I didnt go to Shanghai was _ a new job.A. because I got B. because of getting C. I got D. that I got2._ surprised me most was _ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A. That.what B. What.that C. That.which D. What.which3. The city is no longer _. A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it used to be4._ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.do C. If.does D. That.does5._ the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which6._leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who82. Can you point out _ two radios are the best A. which B. what C. that D. whether 7._makes mistakes must correct them.A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Anybody8._you come or not is up to you.A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether第一讲答案试一试：1 B（主语从句） 2 C （宾语从句） 3 C （表语从句） 4 B （同位语从句）操练1：(1) Who操练2：(1) how (2) why操练3：(1) whether (2) that (3) as if (4) that (5)That操练4：(1) That (2) When (3) Whether (4) Who操练5：B A D 操练6(1).A (2)A操练7(1) that (2) why (3) that (3) as if (4)why that操练8：(1) why that (2) C 操练9：A A C A D 当堂检测(一)指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种?1.主语从句2. 主语从句3. 表语从句4. 主语从句5. 主语从句6. 表语从句7. 表语从句（三） 翻译填空1. When 2.who 3what 4where（三）单项选择 C D B D D A C A C D 第二讲 名词性从句（三）宾语从句：在复合句中作主句的宾语。 引导词有连词that , whether, if; who, whom, whose, what ,which; when ,where, how, why 等。如:一. 宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I dont know why the train is late.3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.二. 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：I hear (that) physics isnt easy.I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?Please tell me when well have the meeting.三. 宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如：I dont think (that) you are right.Please tell us where he is.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.操练10：（1）. Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday? A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did（2）. I want to know_. A. what is his name B. whats his name C. that his name is D. what his name is（3）. Do you know _ I could pass the exam? A. that B. whether C. what D. which（4）. Jim doesnt understand _. A. which is the way to the museum B. why his wife always goes shopping C. what is the way to the museum D. why does she always go shopping（5）. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for? A. that B. whose C. who D. which6. Mr. King didnt know _ yesterday evening. A. when does his son come home B. when his son comes home C. when did his son come home D. when his son came home7. Could you tell me _ the bike this morning? A. how does he mend B. how he mends C. how he mended D. how did he mend8. -Im waiting for the mail. Do you know _ it will arrive? -Usually it comes by 4: 00. A. how B. where C. when D. what9. -Excuse me, would you please tell me _? -Certainly. Go straight along here. Its next to a hospital. A. how we can get to the post office B. how can we get to the post office C. how get to the post office D. how could we get to the post office10. -Can I help you? -Yes. Id like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me _ take to get there? A. how soon will it B. how soon it will C. how long it will D. how long will it11. He wanted to know _. A. whether he speaks at the meeting B. when the meeting would start C. what hes going to do at the meeting D. where would the meeting be held 12. -Could you tell me _ the Bamboo Garden? -The day after tomorrow, I think. A. when will you visit B. when you will visit C. when would you visit D. when you would visit操练11. 根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子1. 李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。 Li Ming says _he_ _is_ interested in playing computer games.2. 我认为玛丽不回来了。 I dont think Mary _will_ _come_.3. 山姆给我说他准备去上海。 Sam told me that he _was_ _leaving_ for Shanghai.4. 请你告诉我去钟楼怎麽走吗？ Could you tell me _how_ I can get to the Bell Tower?5. 父亲说他买了一台新电脑。 Father said that he _had_ _bought_ a new computer.6. 我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。 I want to know _if(whether)_ there is a train to Beijing.7. 你知道一个双人间多少钱吗？ Do you know _how_ _much_ a double room ?8. 请你告诉我我们外出多长时间好吗？ Could you tell me _how_ _long_ were going to be away?9. 叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。 Uncle said that he _was_ _writing_ a new novel.10. 杰克说他有重要事情要做。 Jack said he _had_ something important to do.4. 同位语从句：同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。 一般放在名词 idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ；problem ；news, information; hope; thought; promise等之后, 用以说明或解释前面的名词。常用 that, whether, who, whom, when, where, why, how, which等引导(whose和which 不引导同位语从句)。1. 同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如： 1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 注意：1. 名词suggestion, advice, order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形, should可省略。a. The suggestion that he _ at the meeting was agreed to by most people.A. was put forward B. put forwardC. should look forward D. looked forwardb. The suggestion that we _ to picnic on Sunday was agreed to by most people.A went B. would go C. go D. were allowed to go2. 同位语从句有时没有紧跟在名词后面，而是被别的词分开，称为隔裂式同位语从句。He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.Word came that Tom would go abroad.操练12：（1）The question came up at the meeting _we had enough money for our research.A. that B. what C. which D. whether（2）Theres a feeling in me _well never know what a UFO is-not ever.A. that B. which C. of which D. what（3）It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.A. how B. that C. when D. what（4）Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon. A. who B. that C. as D. which当堂检测(一)指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种?1. Do you agree to the suggestion that we (should) have a trip in Tibet? 同位语从句 2. I suggested just now we (should) take part in this competition. 宾语从句3. He doesnt know whether you can sing it well. 宾语从句4. The problem whether it is right or wrong has not been decided. 同位语从句5. Please tell me who your monitor is. 宾语从句6. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all. 同位语从句7. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 同位语从句 8. I wonder why she refused my invitation. 宾语从句（二）单项选择1.Do you know _ His father is a doctor.A. what is his father B. who is his father C. what his father is D. who his father is 2. Is this _ we met each other two years ago A. place B. place in which C. where D. place which3. It _ Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that4.We all know the truth _ there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.A. where B. wherever C. that D. that wherever 5. They discussed _ they could settle the problem without others help.A. if B. that C. what D. whether6. She asked _.A. what I was doing when she rang me up B. what was I doing when she rang me upC. when she rang me up what I was doing D. when did she ring me up what I was doing7. - May I borrow the ring - You can take _ you like.A. no matter what B. which C. whichever D. that 8. He said that he was fond of _.A. what beautiful is B. what is beautiful C. beautiful is what D. what it is beautiful9. He insisted that he _ in good health and _ to work there.A. was, be sent B. is, is sent C. be, was sent D. be, send10. Do you know _ he expects will give us a talk A. who B. whom C. that D. whose11. Its uncertain _ the experiment is w