（全国通用）中考英语 创新高效复习（上册）第一部分 题型专项指导 Part Ⅴ阅读理解 冀教版.doc

阅读理解命题原则阅读理解能力的培养是中学英语学习的一项重要任务，也是中考的一项重要内容。中考阅读理解题主要考查考生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据具体要求完成各项任务。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同，要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。英语课程标准中的阅读能力五级培养目标是中考阅读理解题的主要命题依据和原则。具体可遵循如下几点：1.在选材上，阅读材料充分体现体裁（记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文和读图题、读表题）和题材（人物、学习、生活、环保、科学、文化等）内容的多样性和丰富性。同时注重材料时代性、教育性、实用性、真实性、趣味性。文章内尽量容贴近学生、贴近生活、贴近时代。2.在内容上，重点考查考生通过阅读获取信息和处理信息的能力，题目以细节理解题为主，推理判断题为辅，兼顾猜测词义题、句意领悟题、目的意图题和主旨大意题等，词数在150250左右。3.问题必须依赖于文段，不在题干或问题中考查考生的理解能力，避免无实质含义的“空题干”，也不出现不需看短文仅凭常识就可以解答的题目。4.问题尽量均匀分布在文段的各个部分，并将理解题目按阅读顺序排列。5.猜测词义题应该有上、下文线索，选项多用英语呈现。6.各类练习题目措辞简明，不照搬原文，通过转述设问，考查对文段理解而不是对题干和选项的理解。7.考查的信息要出自于短文，不能无中生有，所体现的考查意图或者所做的论述不违文章的主旨。题型走向最新英语课程标准实施以来，阅读理解的考查在中考中的比例越来越大，阅读短文的篇数一般增加到三至五篇。阅读理解题的命题形式也越来越多，现趋向于正误判断、单项选择、回答问题、复述填空、选择匹配、句子还原、信息摘录和综合任务等题型。正误判断型【题型特点】阅读理解正误判断题。该题型的特点是在短文后给出若干个句子，要求考生根据短文的内容，判断所给的句子的意思是否正确。这类试题总是联系短文内容进行发挥，或是给出意思相近或相反的几个句子要求鉴别、判断，或是变换词语、变换句子结构来测试同种意思的不同表达，但没有拼写或语法等错误。【考题链接】根据短文的内容，判断下列句子的正（t）、误（f）。december 25th is christmas day. in most countries it is the most important day in the year. all the people come back to their homes to have the day with their parents or their children. on christmas day bells ring everywhere. the ringing bells tell people christmas is coming. people sing and dance day and night. they have a good time. most families buy a christmas tree for their children. and there are some presents hanging from the tree here and there. people also put presents in childrens stockings. in many places, father christmas himself brings presents to them. he is a kind man and in red clothes. there is a big bag on his back. in it there are a lot of presents. christmas is also a day when people enjoy all kinds of food. but some poor people have no homes and have on food to eat. they die of cold and hungeron christmas day. 1. christmas is a very important day in some countries in a year. 2. many people have a good time on christmas day. 3. father christmas wears red clothes. 4. there are a lot of christmas trees in father christmas bag. 5. some poor people die on christmas day because they have no homes and no food to eat. 单项选择型【题型特点】阅读理解选择题。该题型的特点是在短文或图表后给出若干个不完整的句子或若干个根据短文内容提出的问题，对每一题都提供三个或四个备选的答案，要求考生在正确理解短文或图表内容的基础上，从所给选择项中选出一个正确的答案。这类试题的问题一般是紧扣短文或图表内容编排的，既会涉及到一些细节的内容，如文（图标）中出现的人物、数字、符号、时间、地点、事件的前因后果等，也会涉及某个词或某个句的含义，以及涉及文章或图表的主旨、大意和标题等。 【考题链接】根据短文内容，从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出能正确回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。avatar has become the most successful movie in 2009. it is about a soldier whose mind is set into the body of a giant blue alien. he was sent to a dangerous planet called pandora. his mission is to find a rare mineral. the mineral is the key to solve the earths energy crisis(危机).according to the latest figures, avatar has become the fastest film ever to make more than 1 billion dollars in ticket sales around the world. when it had been shown in cinemas for several days, it became the most popular film ever made.avatar knocked the movie titanic off the international release top spot. but titanics director james cameron probably wont be too upset, because avatar is directed by him as well! before avatar was filmed, the best selling film ever was titanic. james cameron decided to make avatar in 1999. however, the means to realize his vision did not exist yet. in 2002,the lord of the rings: the two towers made him believe that cgi (电脑影像合成) effects had progressed enough to make this film. after several years of production, the 3d spectacular avatar successfully showed us a fully immersiveexperience. 1. the movie avatar is about _. a. a soldier b. an officer c. a woman d. a rare mineral2. which of the following is not true? a. avatar was the most successful movie in 2009. b. avatar and titanic are directed by the same person. c. avatar is a 3d movie. d. the lord of the rings: the two towers didnt bring james cameron any ideas about how to make avatar.3. avatar became the most popular film ever made when it had been shown in cinemas for _. a. four weeks b. several days c. two months d. half a year4. the decision about making avatar was in _. a. 1999 b. 2002 c. 2009 d. 20105. the meaning of the underlined word immersive is _in chinese. a. 索然无味的 b. 身临其境的 c. 血腥的 d. 平静的回答问题型【题型特点】阅读理解问答题。该题型的特点是测试考生对英语短文的理解力和用英语进行表达的能力。它对考生的阅读理解能力要求较高，不仅要求能理解文章的表层信息，还要对文章的内涵及逻辑关系能够准确把握，并在理解的基础上用简短、精炼、恰当的英语回答问题，从而明确地放映考生的拼写、语法和修辞等方面的能力水平。这类题型一般设五道小题，其中的问句多以特殊疑问句为主，偶尔会出现一道其它的疑问句。【考题链接】根据短文的内容，回答下列问题。in general，laws for children are a good thing. one hundred years ago in industrial countries, children worked 18 hours a day in a factory at age seven. the factory owner could beat a child who fell asleep or was not fast enough. both parents and teachers could do the same. today, there are many laws about children all over the world. some people think children must obey rules or they should be punished，others do not agree. the inuits or eskimos in alaska almost never punish their children. the parents dont hit them. if the children go too far，the parents punish them by making fun of them. children in other parts of the world are not as lucky as eskimo children. american parents can spank(打臀部) their children at home，but a teacher cannot hit a child in a public school. this is also true in germany. in contrast(对比), it is against the law for anyone to hit a child in sweden. swedish parents cannot spank their children. the children also have a special government official who works for their rights. there is even a plan for children to divorce from their parents though this is not a law yet！1. how were children treated in industrial countries 100years ago? 2. what does the author mean by “go too far?”3. can a teacher in germany hit his students in public school? 4. what kind of people can beat children in sweden? 5. what does it mean by “a plan for children to divorce from their parents?”复述填空型【题型特点】阅读理解填空题。该题型的特点是在短文后给出一篇经改写或缩写后与原短文意思相同的复述性短文或几个句子，在句子或短文中均留有若干空格，要求考生在每个空格上填上一个常见的单词，使句子或短文所表达的意思与原短文的内容一致。这类试题在阅读理解基础上加进了词汇和语法的考查成份，考生在填词时既要选对词意，又不能用错词形，对大多数考生来说该题型难度较大，也是失分颇多的题型之一。 【考题链接】根据短文内容，在下列短文的空白处填入适当的单词，使短文意思完整、通顺。每空一词。jonathan and julia were both very patient people. they always wanted to be sure that they were doing the right thing before they made important decision. when they went out to dinner, it always took a long time before they chose what to eat. they were never in a hurry. they had a baby boy. they called him jordon. jordon smiled a lot but he didnt make any noise. all their friends said, “hes such a nice quietbaby.”jordon learned everything that other babies learn. he learned to walk. he learned to sit on a chair and eat at the table. however, he didnt learn how to talk. but jonathan and julia were not concerned (担心) about it too much. they decided to wait. they were confident jordan would learn to talk one day. one day, while eating dinner, jordon suddenly said, “mum, i think the soup needs a little more salt.”jonathan and julia were surprised. “you can talk!”said julia. “of course i can talk,”said jordon. “after all iam three yearsold.”“why didnt you talk before?” asked jonathan. “i didnt need to,” said jordon. “the food was always good before.”jonathan and julia always took a long time to 1_whatto do. they were never in a hurry. their son, jordan, was a nice baby and often kept 2_. he learned to doeverything just as other babies do. however, he 3_spoke. but jonathan and ju1ia didnt worry about it. one day during the mealjordan suddenly spoke because of the 4_.his parents were very 5_and asked why he didnt speak before. jordan said that he didnt need to because the food was always good before. 选择匹配型【题型特点】阅读理解匹配题。该题型属于信息转换题型，是目前语言水平考试较为流行的测试方式之一，其特点是要求在阅读文段或图片的基础上完成图文匹配（如2011年杭州市中考题阅读理解c）、文文匹配（如2010年大庆市中考题阅读理解b）和文章与标题的匹配。以考查考生们对语段结构、意义和图片的宏观理解。【考题链接】根据短文内容，从方框中所给的af六个选项中选择适当的话题。其中有一项是多余的。1. people all over the world eat rice. millions of people in asia and south america eat it every day of their lives. some people eat almost nothing but rice.2. rice is a kind if grass. there are more than 7,000 kinds of rice. farmers grow rice in many countries, even in the southern part of the united states and in eastern australia.3. no one really knows where rice came from. some scientists think that it started to grow in two places. they think that one kind of rice grew in southern asia thousands of years ago. someone in china wrote about it almost 5,000 years ago. another kind probably grew in west africa. other scientists think that rice came from india, and indian travelers took it to other parts of the world.4. there are two main ways to grow rice. most rice grows in wet soil. people in many countries do all of the work of growing rice by hand. this is the same way farmers worked hundreds of years ago. in some countries, peoplenow use machines on their rice farms.5. people use every part of the rice plant. they make animal feed and rice oil from it. they also make basket, brooms and roofs for their houses. they burn dry rice plants in fires for cooking.a. how to grow rice. d. they dont like to eat rice.b. there are many kinds of rice. e. where the rice came from.c. people around the world eat rice. f. the use of the rice plant.句子还原型【题型特点】阅读理解还原题。该题型是将短文中某些句子挖掉，然后要求从所给的句子选项中选择正确的句子完成短文（有时还设多余的干扰句子），所给的备选句子往往是短文的主题句、总结句，或承上启下的过渡句。这类题和常规的“完形填空”同属于残缺阅读范畴，它们不仅是考查考生的语言基础知识、交际能力，更是对考生心理素质的检验。但其与“完形填空”所不同的是，“补全阅读”已经上升到句子和文章的更高层面，着重考查分析理解和布局谋篇的能力。它着眼全文，从句子和文章的大视野中来考查考生的阅读实力，只有读懂全文，洞悉脉络，理清思路，方能使句子对号入座。【考题链接】通读下列短文，从下列方框内的ag七个选项中选出能够填入空缺处的最佳选项，使短文内容完整、通顺。the world is an interesting place. different people like different things. some people like loud music. other people dont.1. _ many people like sports, but they do not all like the same sports. in some countries, cricket（板球运动）is a very popular sport, in others it is not popular at all. no one plays it or watches it on tv. however, most people like soccer. the world cup is very popular.2. _ different people like different foods. some people do not like meat.3. _ some people do not like potatoes or bread. they prefer rice.4._ most people have their favorite colors. some people like bright colors. others prefer pale colors.many people like traveling. different people like different places. some people like to go to the country. they like the fresh air. some people like to go to the cities. because they like shopping. 5._what do you like? have you got an idea? a. they like soft music. b. not everyone likes the same color.c. millions of people watch the games on tv. d. different people like different kinds of pets. e. they eat fruit and vegetables most of the time. f. so they dont raise pigs in their countries g. some other people enjoy beautiful places like the mountains or beaches.信息摘录型【题型特点】阅读理解摘录题。该题型是在阅读的文段后附上一个表格，要求考生通过对文段内容的理解后，完成下边的信息表格。这类题主要是考查考生对语言信息的捕捉、概括、整理以及表达能力。【考题链接】根据短文内容，在下列表格内填入适当的单词，完成表格信息。it seems that everybody tells lies-well,not big lies, but “white lies”. telling white lies isnt really that bad. most of the time, people do it because they want to protect friendship or they dont want to hurt someone. here are some ways they do it. giving false excuses.sometimes people like because they dont want to do something. for example, someone invites you to a party. you think it will be boring, so you say youre busy.lying to make someone feel good.often we dont tell the truth to make someone feel good. for example, your friend cooks dinner for you, but it tastes terrible. do you say so? no! you probably say “mmm,this is delicious!”lying to hide bad news.sometimes, we dont want to tell someone bad news. for example, you have just had a terrible day at work, but you dont want your family to worry about you. so if your parents ask you about your day, you just say everything was fine.some ways: people tell white lieswaysexamplesgiving false/wrong excuseswhen you want to refuse a boring party, you may say youre1.lying to make someone feel goodwhen your friend cooks dinner for you, you probably say thats delicious though2.lying to hide bad 3you have a terrible day but you dont want your family to 4_ you. you may say 5_ if your parents ask you about your day. 综合任务型【题型特点】阅读理解综合题。该类题型打破了传统阅读题目所固有的局限性，在短文所创设的真实语言环境中，考查考生词汇、语法、句法等语言知识，同时也检验词句搜寻、顺序捕捉、情节推理、人物评价、观点分析、中心归纳、信息吸收和分析加工等语言表达能力。其命题方式大多把文字、图画和表格等材料结合起来，要求考生在阅读之后完成问答、填表、判断、选择、释义、猜词、组句、翻译、句型转换和完成句子等综合任务。答题方式活泼多样，具有一定的开放性。【考题链接】阅读下列短文，然后根据要求完成各项任务。just as in face-to-face communication, there are some basic rules of behavior(行为) that should be followed on the internet. the basic rule is simple: treat others in the same way you would want to be treated. imagine how youd feel if you were in the other persons shoes.for anything youre about to send: ask yourself, “would i say that to the persons face?” if the answer is no, rewrite and reread. if someone in the chat room is rude to you, you neednt to fire back. you should either ignore(不理睬) the person, or use your chat software to block their messages. remember to respect the beliefs and opinions of others in the chat room.offer advice when asked by newcomers, as they may not be sure what to do or how to communicate. when someone makes a mistake, be kind about it. if you do decide to tell someone about the mistake, point it out politely. at the same time, if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those that you have offended(冒犯).询问别人诸如年龄、性别和家庭情况等隐私问题是不礼貌的。unless you know the person very well, and you are both comfortable with sharing personal information, or dont ask such questions.1.根据短文内容，完成下列句子。in the chat room we must respect others _ and _.2. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。when you find you make a mistake in the chat room, what should you do?_3.将划线部分翻译成汉语。_4.选择一个适当的句子放在处_。a. first impressions last longest. b. everyone was new to the network once.c. the internet has opened up a whole new world for us.d. even if you feel strongly about it, think twice before saying anything.5.将划线部分翻译成英语。_即时检测i.根据短文的内容，判断下列句子的正（t）、误（f）。once upon a time there was a boy who liked drawing, but he was too poor to buy a brush. one night he said to himself, “if only i had a brush, i could draw pictures for the poor people in my village.”suddenly an old man with a long white beard(胡须)appeared. he said, “here is a brush for you. but you must only draw pictures for poor people with it.”ma liang began to draw a hen, and as he did so, it changed into a real hen.“wow！”he said, “this brush must be magic！”then he drew an axe(斧头)for a poor woman and it changed into a real one.soon the king heard about ma liangs magic brush. he asked ma liang to draw him a tree with gold coins hanging on it, but ma liang refused. the king was so angry that he threw ma liang in prison(监牢).“if i had a key, i could unlock the door, ”ma liang said. so he drew a key and it changed into a real key. he opened the door quietly and escaped(逃跑). when the king got on his horse and chased him with his guards, ma liang drew a horse and it changed into a real horse. he rode the horse and ran away.1. ma liang didnt have a brush because he didnt like drawing at all.2. ma liang did as the old man told him.3. the king was friendly to ma liang all the time.4. the underlined word“chased”in the passage means“ran after”.5. the story tells us ma liang was a kind, clever and brave boy.根据图表内容，从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出能正确回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。1. the material above is a _ for expo milano 2015.a. posterb. guidebookc. webpaged. noticeboard2. expo milano 2015 lasts _ and is open for _ every day.a. half a year; 13 hoursb. 5 months; 13 hoursc. six months; 10 hoursd. 5 months; 23 hours3. _ kinds of tickets are introduced here for expo milano.a. threeb. fourc. fived. six4. special discount isnt suitable for _.a. the disabledb. children aged 13 or lessc. students over 26 yearsd. old people aged over 655. which of the following is nottrue？a. visitors are able to save money if they buy seasonpass.b. parents with children may probably choose family package.c. visitors with evening ticket can enjoy delicious food.d. visitors with family package can enter through a special gate.根据短文内容，回答下列问题。mr. and mrs. green were going on their vacation with their children, and they had to arrive at the airport before 11:40 the next morning. “it takes us thirty minutes to get there in a car, ”mr. green said, “so we must get ready before eleven oclock. dont be late.”at ten fifty, all of them were busy doing something, but mrs. green wasnt. she sat quietly in a chair in the garden and enjoyed the good weather.mr. green and the children were surprised, but mrs. green said, “dont worry！ before i went to bed last night. i made all our clocks and watches twenty minutes ahead(提前). now we can get to the airport early.”1. why did the greens have to be ready before eleven oclock?2. how long does it take from mr. greens house to the airport by car?3. how did mr. green and the children feel when they saw mrs. green sitting in the garden?4. why did mrs. green sit quietly?5. what time was it when mr. green and the children were busy doing things？.根据短文内容，在下列短文的空白处填入适当的单词，使短文意思完整、通顺。每空一词。many pa