2014-2015四级培训(阅读技巧篇)长篇阅读找对应段落.ppt

2013大学英语四级阅读技巧之长篇阅读 信息匹配 Lengthyreading informationmatching 长篇阅读 信息匹配题 包括大约10 18个段落的篇章 题后给出10句陈述 每句一题 每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落 要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的那一段落 每段开头有一个字母标识指代该段落 一般一个段落对应一题 有的段落可能对应两题或更多 有多次被选的可能 有的段落可能不对应任何一题 解题思路 Step1快速通读文章 skimming 标题 副标题 首段 段落首 尾主题句 段落重要观点句 注意文章结构和细节串联 熟悉文章的题材 抓住文章大意 Step2仔细阅读给出的10句话 statements 明确标出句中易于查找的细节词 如数字 大写 核心名词 态度词汇等 掌握问题类型 Step3快速查读 scanning 根据10句话中的细节词迅速找出相应段落 确定段落内容与题干信息是否对应 Caseanalysisp7 9 答题原则 1 关键词定位原则 2 关键词非首次出现原则 3 出题非顺序原则 4 匹配原则 句子与原文定位处需有明确的匹配关系 同义改写 正话反说 反话正说 归纳概括等语言层面的改写和替换 5 非一一对应原则 有的段落可能对应两题 有的段落可能不对应任何一题 6 题目非照抄原文原则 Modeltest1p7 9 Skimthepassageandgraspthemainidea accordingtothesubtitles Scrutinizeeachof10statementsattachedtothepassage markingthekeywordsanddetailsaswellasscanningouttherelatedsentencesthatinvolvethekeywordsanddetails Makesurethechosenparagraphmatchesthestatement Thesubtitles Howmuchtrashisgenerated Howistrashdisposedof Whatisalandfill ProposingthelandfillBuildingthelandfillWhathappenstotrashinalandfill Howisalandfilloperated Markthekeywordsanddetailsinthe10statements 46Firststepinconstructingalandfillistobuildroadswhichleadtothelandfill I 关键词 同义改写47 Mostcustomersofalandfillaremunicipalitiesandconstructioncompanies k 同上48 Alandfillcan tbebuiltwithoutcertainenvironmentalimpactstudybeingcarriedout H 关键词 正话反说49 Inlandfilldisposal theUnitedKingdomranksfirstwhiletheUnitedStatesranksmiddleofthemajorcountries D 关键词 改写50 Ratherthanbreakdowntrash alandfillismainlytoburyit J 关键词 改写 Markthekeywordsanddetailsinthe10statements 51 It spredictedthatbioreactorwillbeusedtospeedupoftrashbreakdowninlandfills Q 关键词 改写52 Ofallthebigcountries Americansgenerateslargestamountoftrashperpersoneveryyear andmajorityofthetrashisburiedinlandfills B 关键词 综合53 Customersoflandfillsarechargedbytheweightofthetrashtheyaregoingtobury M 某些关键词多次出现54 Poisonouschemicalsarebarredfromalandfill O 同义改写55 Usuallytoreducetheamountofmaterialinalandfill thereisarecyclingcenterneartheentranceofthelandfill L 关键词 细节词 Skimmingandscanningactivity accordingtoeachof10statements 46Firststepinconstructingalandfillistobuildroadswhichleadtothelandfill I 关键词 同义改写BuildingtheLandfillI Oncetheenvironmentalimpactstudyiscomplete thepermitsaregrantedandthefundshavebeenraised thenconstructionbegins First accessroadstothelandfillsitemustbebuiltiftheydonotalreadyexist Theseroadswillbeusedbyconstructionequipment sanitation 环卫 servicesandthegeneralpublic Afterroadshavebeenbuilt diggingcanbegin IntheNorthWakeCountyLandfill thelandfillbegan10feetbelowtheroadsurface Skimmingandscanningactivity accordingtoeachof10statements 47 Mostcustomersofalandfillaremunicipalitiesandconstructioncompanies k 关键词 同义改写HowIsaLandfillOperated K Alandfill suchastheNorthWakeCountyLandfill mustbeopenandavailableeveryday Customersaretypicallymunicipalitiesandconstructioncompanies althoughresidentsmayalsousethelandfill Skimmingandscanningactivity accordingtoeachof10statements 48 Alandfillcan tbebuiltwithoutcertainenvironmentalimpactstudybeingcarriedout H 关键词 正话反说H IntheUnitedStates takingcareoftrashandbuildinglandfillsarelocalgovernmentresponsibilities Beforeacityorotherauthoritycanbuildalandfill anenvironmentalimpactstudymustbedoneontheproposedsitetodetermine Skimmingandscanningactivity accordingtoeachof10statements 49 Inlandfilldisposal theUnitedKingdomranksfirstwhiletheUnitedStatesranksmiddleofthemajorcountries D 关键词 改写HowIsTrashDisposedof D ThetrashproductionintheUnitedStateshasalmosttripledsince1960 Thistrashishandledinvariousways About27percentofthetrashisrecycledorcomposted 16percentisburnedand57percentisburiedinlandfills Theamountoftrashburiedinlandfillshasdoubledsince1960 TheUnitedStatesrankssomewhereinthemiddleofthemajorcountries UnitedKingdom Canada Germany FranceandJapan inlandfilldisposal TheUnitedKingdomrankshighest buryingabout90percentofitssolidwasteinlandfills Skimmingandscanningactivity accordingtoeachof10statements 50 Ratherthanbreakdowntrash alandfillismainlytoburyit J 关键词 改写WhatHappenstoTrashinaLandfill J Trashputinalandfillwillstaythereforaverylongtime Insidealandfill thereislittleoxygenandlittlemoisture Undertheseconditions trashdoesnotbreakdownveryrapidly Infact whenoldlandfillshavebeenduguporsampled 40 year oldnewspapershavebeenfoundwitheasilyreadableprint Landfillsarenotdesignedtobreakdowntrash merelytoburyit Whenalandfillcloses thesite especiallythegroundwater mustbemonitoredandmaintainedforupto30years Skimmingandscanningactivity accordingtoeachof10statements 51 It spredictedthatbioreactorwillbeusedtospeedupoftrashbreakdowninlandfills Q 关键词 改写Q Landfillsarecomplicatedstructuresthat whenproperlydesignedandmanaged serveandimportantpurpose Inthefuture newtechnologiescalledbioreactorswillbeusedtospeedthebreakdownoftrashinlandfillsandproducemoremethane Skimmingandscanningactivity accordingtoeachof10statements 52 Ofallthebigcountries Americansgenerateslargestamountoftrashperpersoneveryyear andmajorityofthetrashisburiedinlandfills B 关键词 综合B Americansgeneratetrashatanastonishingrateoffourpoundsperdayperperson whichtranslatesto600 000tonsperdayor210milliontonsperyear Thisisalmosttwiceasmuchtrashperpersonasmostothermajorcountries Whathappenstothistrash Somegetsrecycled 回收利用 orrecoveredandsomeisburned butthemajorityisburiedinlandfills Skimmingandscanningactivity accordingtoeachof10statements 53 Customersoflandfillsarechargedbytheweightofthetrashtheyaregoingtobury M 某些关键词多次出现M Ascustomersenterthesite theirtrucksareweighedatthescalehouse Customersarechargedtippingfeesforusingthesite Thetippingfeesvaryfrom 10to 40perton Thesefeesareusedtopayforoperationcosts TheNorthWakeCountyLandfillhasanoperatingbudgetofapproximately 4 5million andpartofthatcomesfromtippingfees Skimmingandscanningactivity accordingtoeachof10statements 54 Poisonouschemicalsarebarredfromalandfill O 同义改写O Inaddition thereisahouseholdhazardouswastedrop of