四级翻译题库.doc

1 Yangko秧歌舞是中国汉族的一种民间传统舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同事他们也乐在其中。 Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in China.It is usually performed in northern provinces. The dancers usually wear colorful and light costumes, and the performance is powerful and rapid. During some festivals such as Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, if people hear the sound of drum and gong, no matter how cold the weather is , they will come to street and appreciate the Yangko. Recent years, the old people in city of east-northern of China organized the team of Yangko by themselves, the teamers keep their health by dancing Yangko the whole year.2 The Great Wall 长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就想到了巴黎没有去看看菲尔铁塔，或者就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔一样。人们常说：“不到长城非好汉。”实际上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙，直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连城长城。然而，今天我们看到的长城东起山海关，西至嘉峪关大部分都是在明代修建的。The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings! If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, its just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids! Men often say, He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the Great Wall until the Qin Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty. 3 Dumplings 饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统食品。 相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。饺子的制作是包括： 1） 擀皮、2） 备馅、3） 包馅水煮三个步骤。其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。中国人接亲待客、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。 Dumplings are one of the Chinese peoples favorite traditional dishes. According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint-Zhang Zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them. With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. Theres an old saying that claims, “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings”. During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year. 4 Chinese Chopsticks 中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜。有史记载用筷的历史已有三千多年。筷子古时称为箸，它看似简单，但却同时具有夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多种功能。中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等。与使用刀叉以及手抓的 方式不同，成双结对的筷子含有“和为贵“的意蕴。西方人赞誉筷子是古老的东方文明。 The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world. The recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago. Chopsticks were named zhu in ancient Chinese. They look deceptively simple to use, but possess multi-various functions, such as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, poking, tearing, and so on. Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China. For example, the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have a baby soon. Unlike using a knife and fork or ones own hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of “Harmony is what matters”. Chopsticks are highly praised by Westerners as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization. 5 Chinese Idioms 中国成语是汉语中意义完整的表示一般概念的固定词组或短语。“成语”中的“成”既是约定俗成。成语是比词大而语法功能又相当于词的语言单位。绝大多数的中国成语由四个汉字组成，例如：自强不息、青出于蓝、厚积薄发。成语主要从民间谚语、古代文学作品、诗歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提炼而成，是汉语语言中精炼而又富有生命力的一部分。Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases and expressions. Idioms are established and accepted by constant usage and common practice. An idiom is a language unit that is larger than a word, but has the same grammatical function as a word. Most Chinese idioms consist of four characters. For example, ziqiangbuxi ( make unremitting efforts to improve oneself), qingchuyulan(bluer than indigo), and houjibofa (success comes with time and effort). Idioms are extrated from folk proverbs, ancient works of literature, poems, fables, allusions, and well-known sayings. Idioms are a part of the Chinese language that are concise and have great vitality. 6 Chinese silk 中国是丝绸的故乡。栽桑、养蚕、缫丝、织绸是中国古代人民的伟大发明。商周时期丝绸的生产技术就已发展到相当高的水平。西汉时张骞通西域，把中原与波斯湾、地中海紧密联系起来，开辟了中外交流贸易的新纪元。从此中国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世，成为中国文化的象征。东方文明的使者。China is the home of silk. Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk reeling and thickening are all great inventions of the ancient Chinese. As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties (1600BC-256BC), the Chinese peoples silk-weaving techniques had reached an extremely high level. During the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-25AD), Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat, travelled around central Asia and connected China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, opening up a new era of Sino-foreign trade, exchange and communication. From then on, Chinas silk became well known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design and color, and abundant culture connotations. Hitherto, Chinese silk has been accepted as a symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of oriental civilization. 7孔子(Confucius)是春秋时期(the Spring and Autumn Period)的大思想家、大教育家和儒家学派(Confucianism)的创始人，是古代中国人心目中的圣人。孔子的言论和生平活动记录在由他的弟子或再传弟子编成的论语（The Analects） 书中。论语是中国古代文化的经典著作。在孔子之后几千年的中国历史上，没有哪一位思想家、文学家和政治家不受论语的影响。不研究论语，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。As a great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism during the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius is a sage/saint to the ancient Chinese people. His words and life story were recorded by his disciples and their students in The Analects. As an enduring classic of Chinese culture, The Analects has influenced all thinkers, writers and politicians in the thousand years Chinese history after Confucius. No scholar could truly understand this long-standing culture or the inner world of the ancient Chinese without this book.8 中国的青铜器时代(Bronze Age)从夏开始，经历商、西周到春秋时期(the Spring and AutumnPeriod)，前后持续了一千五百多年的时间。大量出土的青铜器物表明，中国创造了灿烂的 青铜文明。这些青铜器物不仅有丰富的政治和宗教内涵，而且还具有很高的艺术价值。今藏 于中国历史博物馆的大盂鼎(the Great Ding for Yu)是中国青铜器时代的代表性作品之一。 它是西周康王(King Kang)时期的作品，距今大约有三千多年。The Bronze Age in China lasted more than 1,500 years, from the Xia through the Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties, to the Spring and Autumn Period. Large numbers of unearthed artifacts indicate a high level of ancient bronze civilization in the country. They feature rich political and religious themes, and are of high artistic value. A representative example is the Great Ding for Yu, which is now preserved in the Museum of Chinese History. It was cast about 3,000 years ago during the reign of King Kang of Western Zhou Dynasty.9唐代文化是中国文化的一个高峰。尤其是古典诗歌到唐代发展到全盛时期。在唐代300余年 的历史中，产生的流传于后世的诗歌就有48,900多首。如此丰富的作品也使2,300多位诗人 在历史上留下了他们的名字。唐诗在创作方法上，现实主义与浪漫主义并举。唐代最著名的 诗人是李白和杜甫，他们都是具有世界声誉的诗人，后人将他们合称为“李杜”。The Tang Dynasty witnessed a peak in Chinese culture. Especially, ancient poetry flourished in the Tang Dynasty. In more than 300 years of the Tang Dynasty, some 48,900 poems were handed down and remain widely known today. So many works also made more than 2,300 poets famous in history. As far as the writing technique is concerned, the Tang poetry combined realism and romanticism. The best-known poets of the Tang Dynasty were Li Bai and Du Fu, who are very prestigious in the whole world and people of later generations called both of them as “Li Du” collaboratively.10根据中国的阴阳五行学说，世界上所有的事物都是由金、木、水、火、土五种元素构成，这 五种元素相生相克，白色代表金，绿色代表木，黑色代表水，红色代表火，黄色则代表土。 中国社会发展到汉代以后，黄色开始被人所接受，并认为是最尊贵的颜色。唐代以后，服饰 制度规定只准皇室穿黄色的服饰，其他人一概不允许。According to the Chinese thought of yin, yang and the five elements (metal, wood, water, fire and earth), all things in the universe consist of the five elements; there is a phenomenon of mutual promotion and restraint among the five elements. The white stands for metal, the blue for wood, the black for water, the red for fire and the yellow for earth. Since the Han Dynasty in Chinese history, the yellow had been accepted by all people and regarded as the most distinguished colour. By the Tang Dynasty, the clothing system stipulated that all the people were prohibited from wearing yellow clothes except the royal family.11在英文中，“中国”与“瓷器”是一个词，这说明，很早的时期欧洲人就把中国与瓷器联系 在一起的了。瓷器15世纪时就传入欧洲，在中外交流中占有重要位置。德国卡塞尔郎德 (Keisel Randy)博物馆至今还藏有一件中国明代直瓷（blue-and-white)碗。历史上，中国 和亚洲的其他国家以及欧洲国家的瓷器交易极为频繁，而且数量巨大。据今人研究，在 1602-1682年间，仅荷兰东印度公司（the Dutch East India Company)从中国贩运到欧洲的瓷 器就有一千六百多万件。瓷器以其优雅精致的品质，为中国赢得了好名声。In English, china has the same meaning as porcelain. This proves that Europeans have long known of Chinas relation to porcelain. Porcelain found its way to Europe in the 15th century, occupyingan important position in the exchanges between China and other countries. The Keisel Randy Museum in Germany houses a blue-and-white bowl dating back to the Ming Dynasty. Throughout history, China, along with other Asian countries, and Europe maintained a busy and vast trade in porcelain. From 1602 to 1682, the Dutch East India Company alone transported more than 16 million articles of porcelain from China to Europe. Porcelain earned a good reputation for China for its sophistication and elegance.12中国人为什么要修长城？在秦始皇时代，每二十个人中，就有一个人参与修建过长城。中国 人经历了无数次毁灭性的战争，他们深知，保护生灵的城墙总比掩埋尸体的壕沟(trench) 好。修建长城有说不尽的艰辛，甚至不少人还因此付出了生命。但与惨烈的战争相比，人们 更愿意选择前者。长城在中国历史上发挥的作用是巨大的。在冷兵器时代，长城在军事防御 上起到了不容置疑的作用，尤其在防御北方民族所谓的“马背上的进攻”方面，效果是明显 的。Why did the Chinese build the Great Wall? During the reign of the First Emperor of Qin, one out of every 20 people took part in the project. Suffering from the devastating damage of wars, people realized that building a wall to protect lives was better than burying the dead in trenches. Building walls was extremely hard labor, sometimes even at the cost of life itself. Compared with bloody wars, however, people would rather choose the former. The Great Wall played a significant role in history. It certainly served the purpose of military defense in the age of cold steel, especially in preventing attacks from northern peoples on horseback.13武则天是中国历史上空前绝后的唯一一位女皇帝，她创造了中国历史的奇迹。她是中国历史 上杰出的政治家、军事家，同时也是一位诗人。武则天出生于唐朝的大户人家，她拥有盖世 的美丽和绝顶的聪明，并喜欢读书。童年时曾随父母游历了名山大川，这培养了她的眼界和 才干。她14岁入宫，在经历了很多坎坷和磨难之后，终于当上了皇后。690年，武则天改 国号(the title of the dynasty)唐为周，正式做了皇帝。她执政期间，经济、文化繁荣发展， 边疆稳固，人民生活幸福。Wu Zetian, the only female emperor in Chinese history, created the miracle of Chinese history. She was an outstanding politician, strategist as well as a poet in Chinese history. Born in a wealthy family in Tang Dynasty, she was the most beautiful and intelligent of he