简单句的五种基本句型.doc

简单句的五种基本句型一、句子分为简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成，其它各种句子形式都是由此句型发展而来。并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子。并列连词有：and, but, or, so等。复合句是由主句从句构成。由从属连词连接，如because, if, when, while, until, after, before, as soon as等。分为名词性从句，形容词性从句（即定语从句），副词性从句（即状语从句）三大类。其中最著名的是宾语从句，定语从句和状语从句。二、简单句的五个基本句式：主谓 主谓宾 主谓双宾 主谓宾补 主系表主语: 句子说明的人或事物。谓语:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。表语:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。宾语：1. 动作的承受者动宾。2. 介词后的名词、代词和动名词介宾。补语：宾补，对宾语的补充。主补，对主语的补充。判断下列句子是那种结构：1. He is swimming. 2. It made him angry. 3. The little boy is asking the teacher questions. 4. She is young. 5. My mom bought me a beautiful gift. 6. He kept his eyes closed. 7. He told us an exciting story. 8. We must keep our classroom tidy and clean. 9. I heard the baby crying in the sitting room. 10.Can you push the window open？11. He seemed tired.1.主谓 2.主谓宾补 3.主谓双宾 4.主系表 5.主谓双宾 6.主谓宾补 7.主谓双宾 8.主谓宾补 9.主谓宾补 10.主谓宾补 11.主系表再加上定语和状语，则构成了更加复杂的简单句。定语：修饰或限制名词或代词。状语：表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。1. He is a young man. 主系表，表语是一个名词，定语young修饰名词man。2. He went to Beijing last month. 主谓宾状，last month做时间状语。3. I found him doing homework at home at this time yesterday. 主谓宾补状，at home做地点状语，at this time yesterday做时间状语。 练习：1、标出下列句子的主谓宾定状补：1)Do you know her younger sister? 2)I got home after dark yesterday. 3)Bill always does very well at school. 4)What pet do you keep? 5)There were some students reading in the classroom then. 6)Amy always helps her mother after school. 7)Tom often makes his teacher angry. 8)Did you see anyone go into that house? 9)Helen looks very happy today. 10)I was born in a little town in the south of Taiwan.2、阅读下列短文，然后判断句子属于哪一基本句型。 One summer evening Newton（牛顿）sat quietly on a bench in the garden. An apple fell to the ground from a tree. He saw it and thought： “Why did an apple fall?” He studied very hard. Later he found out the reason. One day Newton sat at his desk. He was studying very hard. His servant came into the room. He left an egg on his desk. There was a watch on the desk. Into the boiling water in the kettle Newton put the watch instead.3、翻译、补全句子，并画出主谓宾定状补：1). 学生们学习很努力。_2). 事故是昨天晚上发生的。 _3) 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_.4). They have a happy life._。5). Yesterday her father _ _ _ _ as a birthdaypresent.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。6). I worked hard at English last month._。7). Please show me your picture. =Please _ _ _ _ _. 请把你的画给我看一下。8) We should _ _ in the library. 我们在图书馆应该保持安静。9) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. 春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。10) Dont have the food. _.不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。11) 我昨天看了一部电影。_.12) The old man is telling the children stories now.13）They _ _ _ of the children这些孩子他们照看得很好。14）Ill offer you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart. =I