考研完形填空突击.doc

考研英语答题顺序和时间安排 180分钟section 1 use of english ， D选项的正确率最高，13分钟section 2 reading comprehension part A old reading ，18*4=72分钟（我的限制是10-15分钟），做完后，大脑基本处于短路状态 part B new reading ，30分钟，高难度题 part C translation ，5*5=25分钟，放松题section 3 writing part A small writing ，10分钟，一百字、七八个句子，放松题 part B big writing ，30分钟，160-200字考研完型的答题步骤要掌握一遍解决的本领答题的顺序应该是：一、找线索；二、写汉意（不需要对其精确释义，主要判断词性，如空格具有否定意；三、看选项（注意看选项是放在最后，而我平时做题时往往是看选项在最前）看选项放在最后的原因：命题专家出的题，是会把4个选项初看都似乎是答案，不会一看就删去哪一选项，所以如果将“看选项”放在最前的话，就相当于一道题用了4倍的时间。原则一：虚拟原则一、条件状语从句中的虚拟语气（如果.就）1. 与现在事实相反： if did ( were ), might/would/should/could doif i were you, i would not study english2. 与过去事实相反： if had done, might/would/should/could have doneif you had come yesterday, you would have seen him.3. 与将来事实相反： if did/were to do/should do, would/could do考点：1. 错综条件句 if you had come yesterday, you would see him tomorrow （真实情况：昨天没来，明天也看不到）2. 倒装句 had, were, should 移到句首3. 转换语气（虚拟与真实来回变换） but, or（否则）, otherwise（否则）i was（2.锁定结构，与过去事实相反） ill yesterday, otherwise（1.虚拟）, i would have come（过去完成时的主句结构） to see you.分三步确定： 1.虚拟 2.三个结构，锁定结构 3.从句结构还是主句结构（皆主句）二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1. wish that did(were) 现在/将来 i wish i had a lot of money had done 过去 i wish i had not said that words2. suggest that (should) do （表“建议”）考点： he not do be donei suggest that he study hard he not study english/ he (should) not study english the work be done at once类似于suggest 的动词还有（历年真题出现的单词，重复率有70%-80%）表“建议”：move, advise, propose, recommend“命令、要求”：order, demand, request, require, insist(若为“坚持”，是真实语气）3. would rather that did （可意“希望”） i would rather you stayed at home.三、主语从句中的虚拟语气1. it is suggested that (should) do （前一个形式主语，后一个真实主语，组合成主语从句）2. it is important that (should) do necessary, essential, vital, imperative3. it is time that did 四、表语从句中的虚拟语气my suggestion is that (should) do advice, proposal, recommendation, motion, order, request, requirement五、其他虚拟语气1. as if / though + did / had done似乎、好像 he looks at me, as though he knew me.2. lest (should) do “以免” he put on more clothes lest he catch a cold.3. if only“要是.就好了” did / had done 只能连句子，无法用于从句4. May + do(放于句首，表示“祝愿”) .May you succeed / be beautiful5. whether + do “不管”. whether he be rich or poor, she will marry him 高级用法：she will marry him be he rich or poor.（倒装）（这是一个完整而没有逗号的句子）虚拟考点网络图 （“对/ 错”表示在考试中选项正确的相对概率）if () as if () if only ()用于出题，太简单，但出频率相当高 only if() 后接真实语气even if () 即使（表转折关系，是完形中最重要的逻辑关系之一） if so () 如果是这样原则二：从句原则（基石）我个人对三大从句的区分名词性从句：除同位语从句外，充当主句成分形容词性从句（定语从句）：有先行词，在从句中充当成分。（同位语从句与定语从句有一点像，但同位语不充当成分，我个人认为“同位语从句”的情况要死记）副词性从句（状语从句）：没有先行词，主句结构完整，不缺主谓宾。从句分类 名词性从句 形容词性从句 副词性从句 主语从句 关系代词 先行词是人 即状语从句 宾语从句 who, whom, whose, that 表语从句 先行词是物 which, that 同位语从句 关系副词 when, where,why名词性从句三大考点（难点）：what, that, 其他（主、宾、表考点都一样，下以主语作例）what 的用法1. 在从句中充当主语或宾语 what hurts me is his words. what he said is right2. “的”字结构 主 伤我心“的” 宾 他说“的”话that 的用法 that he is a good student is known to all 主语从句，that 在这里作连词1. 不充当任何成分；2. 没有任何意义总之在什么都不缺的情况下，选that其他：wh-when, where, why, which, who, whom, whose, whether, how （用法基本一样）when we will have a meeting is not clear. 时间状语从句，表示时间whose teachers / which class 换去 when we就是whosewhich的用法1.充当成分 2.自身的意义who, whom, whose, which既能引导主语从句，又能引导状语从句 区别： 作本意 替代先行词同位语从句 必须选that 分三步判断（易与定语从句混淆）the news that he passed that exam made me happy （与主语从句的联系：去掉the news 就是主语从句）从句所修饰的名词一般是：news, idea, fact, evidence, sign从句一般用来说明前面名词的内容从句中不缺少任何成分形容词性从句即定语从句关系代词先行词是人this is the man who teaches us english. 1.作主、宾； 2.代替先行词 (whom) i hate （作宾语的关系代词可以省略） whose brother is a teacher 1.作宾语 2.代替先行词（而不是本意）关系代词先行词是物this is the book ( which ) i bought yesterday. 1.作宾语 2.代替先行词 whose cover is broken. 1.作定语 2.代替先行词关系代词 考点1.1 只用that,不能用which引导的定语从句当先行词是 something, anything, everything, nothing, all 时当先行词被 some, any, every, no, all 修饰时 当先行词被 the only, the very 修饰时当先行词被形容词最高级和序数词修饰时当先行词既有人又有物时在以what 或 who 开头的特殊疑问句中的定语从句1.2 只用which 不用 that 在非限制性定语从句中在介词后面2. 介词+关系代词there are thirty students in our class, of whom （宾格）most are from the north。考生易错点：以为先行词是class。考试技巧：考试时若最后是“物”，就用“人” who, whom/ 若最后是“人”，就用“物” which3. as 引导的定语从句当先行词被the same 或 such 修饰时i bought such a book as you bought （考试时，such 与 as 之间往往有很长的一段话）当先行词是整个句子时 he is a good student, as / which is known to all.当定语从句放在句首时 As is known to all, he is a good student 表示“正如”4. than 引导的定语从句当先行词被比较级修饰时 i have more money than you give me (than作give的宾语）关系副词this is the day when i met her. ( on the day) 1.作时间状语 2.代先行 school where i study. (in the school) 1.作地点状语 2.代先行 reason why i am late. ( for the reason) 1.原因状语 2.代先行考点1.先行词是时间，却不能用when引导the day which he spent with her will stay in his mind forever.（原因：缺的是spent的宾语，而非状语）2.先行词是地点，却不能用where引导this is the school which he visited. （缺的是visited的宾语，而非状语）副词性从句，即状语从句1.时间状语从句 when, while, after2.原因状语从句 because, since, for3.地点状语从句 where4.条件状语从句 if, once, unless（如果不）5.目的状语从句 so that, in order that6.让步状语从句 although, though从句考点网络what that whichin that 因为now that 既然seeing that 因为，鉴于in case that 如果，万一provided (that) / providing that假如except that 除了（基本上不会是正确答案）so that 以便（后面往往跟着情态动词） such that 一直没有考过，my dream is such that it is popular with everyone. 代词，表示“我的梦想是如此的一个梦想，受到别人的喜欢”在考试中如果有so that选项，就一定会跟着such that，虽然它是错误答案原则三：倒装原则否定倒装如果将neither, nor, not放在句首时，要将助动词放在主语前面i can not speak english, neither can he.neither of them can speak english.（neither在这里是作代词）not until i get home, will he go to bed. = he will not go to bed until i get home原则四：代词原则单数：it, this, that, one正确率最大的选项应该是it, 它既可指前又可指后i met an excellent teacher in middle school, it（指前）was a great push in my lifei think it（指后） important to study english （完型常考 指后）that一般用来指代不可数名词 the population in beijing is five times that of xiamen.指代前面的the populationone一般用来指代可数名词i do not like blue shirt, would you like to take the red one复数：these, those, theythose 后可接定语从句