虚拟语气讲解稿.doc

The Mood-the Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气讲稿 (Grey-H)I. 条件句中的虚拟语气n 真实性条件句-主将从现) If you dont hurry, you will miss the bus.If I have time this evening, Ill go to the cinema with you.n 非真实性条件句-虚拟语气)1 与现在相反的非真实性条件句I were you, I would accept his offer. The platform would collapse if all of you stood on it. If Luxun were alive, how happy he would be to see the great achievements of new China! If people drove more slowly, there wouldnt be so many accidents. If peter had enough money, he would go on the trip to Los Angeles. 2 与过去相反的非真实性条件句 If the doctor had been available, the child would have been saved. If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam. If you had worked carefully, you would not have made so many mistakes. The boat wouldnt have drifted away, if we had tied it up. If the tablets had dissolved, John would have probably have died. If he had made more friends here, he might have stayed. If Alice had been more hardworking, she would not have failed. If the Watergate Incident had not occurred , Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency. Alan would have missed the party if hed gone to London.3 与将来相反的非真实性条件句 If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. I could see the surface of the moon with my own eyes if I were to go to the moon some day. If you missed the film tonight, you would feel sorry for it. If it were to snow tomorrow, the match would be postponed. If the sun did not rise tomorrow, what would we do?4 错综虚拟语气 If he had listened to me, he would not be in such trouble now. If you had seen a doctor and taken some medicine yesterday, you would feel better now. The meat would be ready now if you had put it in the oven ten minutes ago.If you hadnt taken such a long time to get dressed, wed be there by now.省略问题可以把虚拟条件句中的连词if的省略, 把were, had, should提到主语之前.例如：Had the doctor been available, the child would have been saved.Were I go to the moon some day, I could see the surface of the moon with my own eyes.Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.II. 其它形式的虚拟语气1 If only(感叹句), wish(宾语从句), as if(状语从句或表语从句) 后的虚拟语气表示和主句动作同时的情况: 主语+动词过去式(be用were) （黑色字）表示先于主句动作的情况: 主语+had + 过去分词（兰色字）If only I had more money, I could buy a car.If only he were here!If only he could come!If only you hadnt offended her!If only I had seen him yesterday.I wish that he werent so lazy.He wished that she were a doctor.I wish that he had not made so much fuss about it. I wished I had studied hard while I was young. She loves the children in the kindergarten as if they were her own. Alan talked about Rome as if here were a Roman. She looked at me as if I had killed her child. He looked as if he had seen a ghost. He talked as if he had done all the work himself, but in fact Tomand I did most of it.2 在it is (about, high) time+从句 和 would rather, 所跟的从句中, 表示希望或婉转的责备, 动词用过去时表示当时或将来的情况。It is high time that we began to work. It is about time that the children went to school. It is about the time that the house were repaired. Id rather you posted the letter right away. I would rather he didnt stay there too long. 3 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用，在以下动词的宾语从句中共有4中形式，注意省略：主动语态：(Should) + 原形 被动语态：(should) + be +过去分词主动语态否定句：(Should) + not+原形被动语态否定形式: (should) not + be +过去分词Ask(要求) move(提议) demand(要求) decide(决定) insist(坚持) command(命令) prefer(宁愿) propose(提议) order(命令) urge(主张) require(要求) request(请求) suggest advise(劝告) recommend(建议)He insisted that John (should) do the job. （主动）I propose that we (should) hold a meeting to discuss it. （主动）We suggested that the meeting (should) not be postponed. (被动)The union demanded that the wages (should) be raised by 20%.（被动）He recommended that I not go with him.He advised that the house not be painted. 这些动词的过去分词形式, 名词形式的主语从句或表语从句也要用(should) + 原形。请比较下面三个句子：The doctor recommended that I should give up smoking.It is recommended by the doctor that I should give up smoking.The doctors recommendation is that I should give up smoking.They required that the crops should be harvested at once.It was required that the crops should be harvested at once.Their demand is that their wages be increased by 20%.My suggestion is that he be invited.My recommendation is that he not smoke any more.4 用在主语从句中: 其结构通常为it is + 形容词或过去分词+主语从句: 用(should) + 动词原形It is necessary that you should be present at the discussion.It was ordered that the medicines be sent here by plane.It is imperative that you arrive there in time.It was required that the crops should be harvested t once.It is recommended by the doctor that I should give up smoking.常用这类形容词或分词有:essential 必要的 urgent 紧迫的 necessary必要的 important 重要的advisable 合理的natural 自然的 desirable 理想的 preferable 更好的 imperative 迫切的 5 含蓄条件: without, but f