虚拟语气起.docx

虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)- 非真实条件句：1. If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 解读：表示与现在事实(地球上既有空气也有水)相反的情况-从句：If 主语+过去时;主句：主语+should/would/could/might +do译文：如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。2. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 解读：表示与过去事实（去晚了）相反的情况-从句：If 主语+had +done；主句：主语+should/would/could/might +have done译文：如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 3. If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 解读：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was，如If I were you.。该句表示对将来情况（事实：来的可能性很小）的主观推测-1）从句：if+主语+were to do；主句：主语+should/would/could/might +do 2）从句：if+主语+did/were；主语+should/would/could/might +do 3）从句：if+主语+should +do；主句：主语+should/would/could/might +do译文：如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。4. 错综条件句(结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生)：1)If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 解读：当从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符时，应按上述具体情况分别对待。译文：如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。2）If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 解读：当从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符时，应按上述具体情况分别对待。译文：如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。5. Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 解读：当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。译文：如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。6. 含蓄条件句(非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来)1)But for his help, we would be working now. 解读：典型的含蓄条件句,在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如but for.(要不是) 译文：要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢(事实上已没在工作)。2)Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 解读：典型的含蓄条件句,条件暗含在短语without.(没有)中译文：要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步(事实上已取得了进步)。 3)We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we would have telephoned him. 解读：典型的含蓄条件句, 条件暗含在短语otherwise(否则)中译文：我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话(事实上没打电话)。7. wish 后宾语从句(if only引导的感叹句,as if/as though引导的状语从句也有相同用法)1)I wish I had your brains.解读：表示与现在事实(我根本比不上你)相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式。译文：我希望我有你那样的头脑。2)I wish I had known the truth of the matter. 解读：表示与过去事实(那时还不知道)相反的愿望，谓语动词：had +done译文：我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。3)I wish I should have a chance again. 解读：表示将来难以实现的愿望(事实：很难再有这样的机会了),谓语动词：should/would(情态动词)+动词原形译文：我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。8. She examined the door again for fear that a thief(should)come in. 解读：在for fear that, in case, lest引导的从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should + do，并且 should可省略。译文：她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。9. He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word.解读：在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can/could/may/might/will/would/should + do。译文：他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个字。10. He suggested /insisted/demand/ordered that we (should) take the teachers advice.解读：一想要(desire一宁愿(prefer)一坚持（insist）二命令(order. command)三建议(advise. suggest. propose/recommend)四要求(demand. require. request. ask)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：should + do。should可以省略。但有例外，若insist意为“坚持某种观点，某个事实”则不用虚拟语气，如He insists he is a student.他坚持说他是个学生。若suggest意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气，如His face suggests that he looks worried.他的表情暗含着他很担心。这两个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。 译文：他建议/坚持/要求/命令我们采取老师的提议。11. Do you think it is necessary that he(should) be sent to Beijing?解读：表情绪和观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气。如necessary, important, impossible, natural, strange, surprising, funny, right, wrong, better, a pity, the shame, no wander等。在句型It is.that +主语从句中，从句的谓语动词都要用should+动词原型，should可省略。译文：你认为有必要派他去北京吗?12. Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 解读：在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中用may/might+动词原形，may/might可以省略，表示与现在相反的情况；从句用过去完成时，表示与过去相反的情况，类似的词有though/even though /whatever/ however/so long as;主句,从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。译文：即使华佗在世也救不了他。13. We will finish it on time no matter what may happen.解读：在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever, wherever，however, no matter wh-等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：指现在或将来：may +do;指过去：may +have done,如We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made.不管他犯过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。译文：不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。14. Wed rather you went here tomorrow. 解读：一般would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：1)过去 had +done 2)现在be用were 3)将来be用were （但是would rather将来情况用一般过去时）译文：我们倒想你明天去那儿15. It