虚拟语气终极版2016.pptx

虚拟语气 好假 语气概念 谓语v用不同的形式表示说话人的不同意图 这种形式称为语气 1 陈述语气 用来陈述一个事实 或提出一种看法 有肯定 否定 疑问 感叹等形式 Heislateforclass Whatfun Heisnotinterestedinclassicalmusic 2 祈使语气 用来表示请求 邀请 命令 警告或劝告等 动词常用原形 Don tbelate 3 虚拟语气 表示说话人所说的不是事实 而是一种假设 愿望 怀疑或推测 一 虚拟语气在if非真实条件句中 主语 did were 主语 should would could might do 主语 haddone 主语 should would could might havedone 主语 1 did2 shoulddo3 weretodo 主语 should would could might do Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore youwouldhavepassedtheexam 1 如果我是你 我会接受他的建议 2 如果明天下雨 我会待在家里 3 如果你以前好好学习 你会通过考试的 IfIwereyou Iwouldaccepthisadvice Ifitrained shouldrain weretoraintomorrow Iwouldstayathome eg IfIhadtime Iwouldattendthemeeting Ifhehadhurried hecouldhavecaughtthetrain IfIweretogoabroad IwouldgotoAmerica Youdidn tletmedrive Ifwe inturn you sotired drove didn tgetdrove wouldn tgetweredriving wouldn tgethaddriven wouldn thavegot 注意 1 错综时间虚拟语气当从句主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时 动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整 Ifyou follow myadvicejustnow you be betternow Ifyou study hardbefore you be acollegestudentnow hadfollowed wouldbe hadstudied wouldbe Ifyou withGeorgeearlier you soangrynow talked wouldnotbehadtalked wouldnotbewouldtalk wouldnotbehadtalked wouldnothavebeen Ifwehadtakensucheffectivemeasuresmuchearlier theriver soseriouslynow isnotpollutedwouldnotbepollutedhadnotbeenpollutedwouldnothavebeenpolluted 2 if从句中 were had 完成时态标志 should可以放在句首 用于倒装结构 if必须省略 否定词not不能放在前面 1 HadInotseenhimthen Hadn tIseenhimthen Iwouldn thavebeenveryhappy 2 IfIwereyou Iwouldaccepthisadvice 3 Ifitrained shouldrain weretoraintomorrow Iwouldstayathome 4 Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore youwouldhavepassedtheexam Hadyoustudiedhardbefore WereIyou Shoulditraintomorrow Wereittoraintomorrow itraintomorrow wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangPuBridge WereB ShouldC WouldD Will 3 含蓄虚拟语气有时为了表达的需要 在虚拟语气中 并不总是出现if引导的条件句 而通过其它手段来代替条件句 常用的有介词with without butfor 倘没有 要不是 连词or but 副词otherwise等 1 Iwasillthatday Otherwise Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting IfIhadn tbeenillthatday Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting 2 Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit 3 Ishouldhavegivenyoumorehelp butIwastoobusy 4 Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars 5 Without Butforyourhelp wecouldn thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp Withoutelectricity humanbeinglife quitedifferenttoday iswillbewouldhavebeenwouldbe Butforhishelp I shouldnothavesucceededhavenotsucceededdidnotsucceedhadnotsucceeded Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball otherwisehe agoal hadscoredscoredwouldscorewouldhavescored Whydidn tyoubuyit I butIdidn thavethemoney A wouldB wouldhaveC hadhadD hadbought 二 虚拟语气的其他用法1 asif asthough 好像 从句与现在相反did were与过去相反haddone与将来相反would could might doHelooksasifhewereanartist Hetalkedabouttheaccidentasifhehadseenit 区分evenif though即使 Evenifhewerehere hecouldnotsolvetheproblem EvenifIhadbeenbusythen Iwouldhavehelpedyou Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater itlooksasifit A breaksB hasbrokenC werebrokenD hadbeenbroken 2 Itis high about time that sbdidsbshould 不可省略 do该是某人做某事的时候了 Itishightimethatyougotup shouldgetup I mgettingtired it stimewe home A goB aregoingC wentD shouldbegoing 3 wish ifonly 要是 就好了 从句与现在事实相反did were与过去事实相反haddone 或用couldhavedone 与将来事实相反could would might doIwish that he visit ustomorrow Iwish that he visit ustoday Iwishhe visit usyesterday hadvisitedus couldhavevisitedus would could mightvisit visited Ifonlyyou listen toouradvice IfonlyI be abird hadlistened were 4 在wouldrather 宾语从句中与现在或将来事实相反did were与过去事实相反haddone即 wouldrathersbdid haddoneIwouldratheryou come heretomorrow Iwouldratheryou nottell methetruth came hadn ttold 5 用于表示建议 advise suggest propose recommend 命令 order command 要求 demand require request desire 坚持要求 insist 等词及变体词相连的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气 sb should do1 Isuggestedthatheshouldgothereatonce 宾语从句 2 Myadviceisthatweshouldtellhimthenews 表语从句 3 Imadeasuggestionthathe 同位语从句 4 Itissuggestedthatheshould 主语从句 区别 Thisisthesuggestionthat whichhemadeatthemeeting 定语从句 Theofficergavetheorderthatnothing untilthepeoplearrived A didn ttouchB touchedC betouchedD touch 注意 suggest 表明 暗示陈述语气建议虚拟语气Herpalefacesuggestedthatshe be illandthatshe send tohospitalimmediately Insist 坚持说 坚持认为陈述语气坚持主张 坚持要求虚拟语气Heinsistedthathe notsteal themoneyandinsistedthathe set free was should besent hadn tstolen should beset 6 主语从句中的虚拟语气 主要是it作形式主语 Itis was 形容词 名词 that主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气 表达一种要求 命令或者责备 但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情 完全可以用一般的陈述语气 Itisnecessary important natural strange funny surprising apity ashame nowonderthatsb should doItisstrangethathe should havetreatedhisparentslikethat ItisapitythatLucy should besocareless 注意 以上句式也可用于陈述语气Itisstrangethathedidn tcomeyesterday Itisapitythatshecan tsing Itisstrangethatthelazyboy passtheexam A hasB shouldC wouldD might 7 情态动词 havedonecouldhavedone本来可以做 而实际上未做 mighthavedone本来可能 可能做过 should oughttohavedone本来应该做 shouldn t oughtnottohavedone本不该做 你本不应该告诉她真相 Youshouldn thavetoldherthetruth needn thavedone本不必做而实际做了 比较 didn tneedtodo没必要做也没有做 我没必要擦窗户 我兄弟做了Ididn tneedtocleanthewindows Mybrotherdidit wouldhavedone本来会去做 我没有足够的钱 否则我会买那本书的 Ididn thaveenoughmoney otherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthatbook 熟读深思 Mydeskmate Mary treatsmeasifshewere 1 mysister Sheisnicebutfat Ifshewerenotsofat shewouldlook 2 likeasupermodel Lastyear adoctoradvisedthatshe should eat 3 morevegetablesandfruits Healsomadeasuggestionthatshe should workout 4 regularly Besides heinsistedthatshe should walk 5 toschool Ifshehadfollowedthedoctor sadvice shewouldnotbesofatnow 6 Inotherwords ifthedoctorhadpersuadedhertodoso shewouldnothavebecome 7 overweight Thismorning Mary smotherboughtheranewdress Itwasreallynice Butaftershetriediton shecouldn thelpshouting IfonlyIwere 8 alittlethinner HowIwishIhadn teaten 9 somuchjunkfoodbefore WereIMary Iwouldmake 10 aweightlossplan IfIbecameoverweightinthefuture Iwoulddo 11 sportseveryday Nowitishightimeshechanged 12 herlifestyle Withoutahealthylifestyle shewouldn tbe 13 abletoloseweight Iwouldrathershewent 14 swimmingwithme butsheinsiststhatwatersportsare 15 notsuitableforher Soitisnecessarythatshe should walk 16 toschool 汉语译文 我的同桌玛丽对我像亲姐妹一样 她人长得漂亮 就是有点胖 要不然 她就是一个超级模特了 去年 医生建议她多吃蔬菜和水果 医生同时建议她要经常锻炼 并坚持让她步行上学 如果她当时听了医生的建议 现在也不至于这么胖了 也就是说 假如医生说服了她减肥 她就不会太胖 今天上午 玛丽的妈妈给她买了一条新裙子 那裙子真是漂亮 可是 玛丽试穿后 忍不住叫了起来 我多希望我瘦一点点啊 要是当初我没有吃那么多的垃圾食品该多好啊 如果我是玛丽 我会制定一个减肥计划 要是将来我发胖了 我一定会每天做运动 现在 该是玛丽改变她的生活方式的时候了 没有健康的生活方式 她是不可能成功减肥的 我倒是宁愿她和我一起去游泳 可是她坚持认为水上运动不适合她 因此 她有必要步行上学了 熟读深思 1 在asif asthough evenif eventhough引导的状语从句或表语从句中 与现在事实相反时 从句的谓语动词用一般过去时 与过去事实相反时 从句的谓语动词用过去完成时 2 表示与现在事实相反的假设 if从句的谓语动词用一般过去式 be一般用were 主句的谓语用would should could might 动词原形 3 5 在insist suggest advise order command propose demand require request等后面的宾语从句的谓语动词用 should 动词原形 其中的should可以省略 在suggestion advice order command demand requirement request等名词后面的表语从句或同位语从句中 谓语动词用 should 动词原形 其中的should可以省略 6 错综条件句 有时if从句中的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致 这时动词的形式应根据他们表示的时间加以调整 本句的虚拟条件句与过去事实相反 主句与现在事实相同 7 表示与过去事实相反的假设 if从句的谓语形式用过去完成时 即 had 过去分词 主句用 would should could might have 过去分词 8 9 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句和Ifonly 但愿 引出的句子中 需用虚拟语气 表示与现在事实相反 从句或ifonly后的句子的谓语动词用一般过去时 与过去事实相反 从句或ifonly后的句子的谓语动词用过去完成时 10 如果if从句中含有were had或should 可将if省略 然后将were had或should提前至主语前 即从句可用半倒装 11 表示与将来事实相反的假设 if从句的谓语形式用一般过去式 或用 wereto should 动词原形 主句用 would should could might 动词原形 12 在Itis high timethat后的从句中 谓语动词用 should 不能省略 动词原形 或一般过去时都可以 13 含蓄条件从句 用连词otherwise or but或用介词butfor without等暗示前面的条件 与现在事实相反 谓语动词用一般过去时 与过去事实相反 谓语动词用过去完成时 其中介词butfor without表示的虚拟语气 可和if引导的假设条件状语从句替换 14 would had rather wouldsooner用来表达主观愿望 它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气 谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来 用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反 15 动词insist表 坚持认为 坚持说 坚持某种说法 suggest表 暗示 表明 时 后面从句不用虚拟语气 16 在itisnecessary important natural strange surprising that引导的主语从句中 主语从句中的谓语动词用 should 动词原形 虚拟语气与高考 1 我们在做语法填空题时 一旦判断所给动词在句中作为谓语后 就考虑其时态 语态 语气 主谓一致等 2 短文改错中 可能出现动词形式的错误 1 Itisstrangethatthelittleboy speaktwoforeignlanguages A couldb canC shouldD would2 Hegaveordersthattheexperiment before5 30pm A befinishedB willfinishC mustbefinished3 He youmorehelp eventhoughhewasverybusy A mighthavegivenB mightgiveC mayhavegiven4 WithouttheleadershipoftheParty there noNewChina A wouldbeB hasbeenC shouldbeD was C A A A 一 单项选择 灵活运用 5 HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe there A hadbeenB hasbeenC wasD hasgone6 Theyoungmaninsistedthathe nothingwrongand free A did setB haddone shouldbesetC shoulddo besetD haddone mustbeset7 Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor you allrightnow A areB wereC wouldbeD wouldhavebeen8 You comeearlier Thebusleftamomentago A wouldB shouldhaveC mayD have B B C A 1 IfI be you Iwoulddoitinadifferentway 1 与现在事实相反 2 Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow you be finenow 2 与现在事实相反 3 Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball otherwisehe score agoal 3 与过去事实相反 4 IfI have amilliondollars Iwouldfirstdonatesomeofthemoneytopoorchildreninremotemountainousareas 4 与现在事实相反 were wouldbe 二 单句填空 wouldhavescored had 5 Thedoctororderedthatshe stay inbedforafewdays should stay 6 Itisveryimportantthatyou master theskillsofcomputer 7 Englishteachersgiveadvicethatwe make gooduseofeverychancetospeakEnglish should make should master 8 Itishightimethatwe take somemeasurestoprotectthewildanimals took shouldtake 9 HowIwisheveryfamily have alargehousewithabeautifulgarden had 10 Jane spalefacesuggestedthatshe be ill andherparentssuggestedthatshe have amedicalexamination was shouldhave 三 语篇填空 TomandPeteraretwins Theylookasifthey1 be thesameperson Boththetwoboysaresmart butTomishard workingwhilePeterislazy Tomalwayswinsthefirstplaceintheexams whichsuggeststhathe2 be hard working Petercoulddobetter 3 hedoesn twanttoworkhard PeoplebelieveifPeter4 work ashardasTom hewoulddoaswellashisbrotherinhisstudy were is but worked Athome theirparentsmakeasuggestionthatthey5 do thedishesinturnandinsistthatthey6 finish theirhomeworkbeforeplayingcomputergames ButPeterinsiststhatit7 be alsoOKtoplaygamesfirstaslongashecanhandinhishomeworkintime Theirmothergivesinintheend Oneday whendoinghishomework Tomfoundhemadeaseriousmistake So heputtheexercise bookasideandusedanotherone shoulddo shouldfinish is WhenPeterfoundthepreviousexercise book hestruckoutTom snameandsignedhisnameonitscoverhappily andhandeditinashisownhomeworkthenextday Whentheteachertoldthetruthtothetwins Mother shekeptsilentfirstbutherexpressionsuggestedthatshe8 be angry Later sheshoutedatPeter HowIwishyou9 be asdiligentasyourbrother Nowit stimethatI10 give youagoodlesson was were gave shouldgive AndIinsistthatyou11 notplay anycomputergamesforawholemonthtoo RemembertodoasIaskyouto 12 youwouldbeforbiddentotouchthecomputerforayear Oh no Mom 13 computerforsuchalongtime Iwoulddie Iwouldratheryou14 ask metodothedishesforamonthalone Peterwasupset Ifyou15 finish yourhomeworkontimeyesterday youwouldn tbepunishednow saidthemother shouldnotplay or otherwise without asked hadfinished 汤姆和彼特虽是长得像同一个人且都很聪明 但学习上却一勤一懒 各不相同 甚至有一次还因彼特懒惰 投机取巧 闹出笑话 1 were因asif引导的表语从句是与现在事实相反的情况 从句谓语用一般过去时 be一般用were 2 is因suggests表示 表明 说明 其后的宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气 3 but因 本来可以做得更好 与 不愿努力学 是转折关系 4 worked因if表示与现在事实相反的假设 从句谓语用一般过去时 5 shoulddo在表示 建议 的suggestion后的同位语从句中 谓语动词用shoulddo 6 shouldfinish在insist表示 坚决要求 时 其后的宾语从句的谓语动词用 should 动词原形 7 is该句的insists表示 坚持认为 其宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气 8 was因suggested作 表明 说明 解 其宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气 9 were在表示愿望的wish后的宾语从句 其宾语从句的谓语动词用一般过去式表示现在的愿望 10 gave或shouldgive在It stimethat句型的that从句中 谓语动词用一般过去式或 should 动词原形 11 shouldnotplay句中insist表示 坚决要求 其宾语从句的谓语用 should 动词原形 12 or otherwise由后面句中的谓语wouldbe可知 前面用or或otherwise 否则 来表示虚拟条件 13 Without由后面的woulddie可知 填without表示虚拟条件 14 asked在wouldrather后的从