高三英语高考二轮复习考能特训课件3739人教版学案38.pptVIP

语法专题三代词语法精讲人称代词分主格和宾格两种 前者在句子中担任主语 后者担任动词或介词的宾语 theystudygerman pleasepassmetheruler 1 人称代词的用法 1 当代词成对地使用或一个代词与一个名词搭配使用时 两个部分的句法功能必须一致 lihongandiwentshoppingyesterday itwasourteacherwhosmoothedawaythedifferencebetweenyouandme 注意人称代词的排列一般为 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 you heandi themandus如有其他代词时 其他代词排列于人称代词之后 如 he iandsomeothers 2 人称代词用作表语时 如说明主语 一般要用主格 如说明宾语则要用宾格 ifiwereshe iwouldtakeyouradvice iwouldsharetheroomwithyouifyouwerehim 2 it 的用法 1 用作人称代词 代替前文提到过的事物 whereisthecat it sinthekitchen jackisill haveyouheardaboutit mybookismissing ican tfinditanywhere 2 用以代替指示代词this that what sthis it safrog whosepenisthat it smine 3 表示时间 天气 距离等 alovelyday isn tit it stwoo clock it sabouttwolifromheretoourschool 4 用作形式主语或形式宾语代替不定式短语 动名词或从句 it snousetalkingwithhimaboutthat ittookmetwentyminutestogetthere wethinkitimportantthatcollegestudentsshouldmasteratleastoneforeignlanguage 5 用在强调结构中 为了强调句子的某一成分 通常是主语 宾语或状语 常用强调结构 itis was 被强调成分 that 或who itwasliumingthatisawinthestreetthismorning itwasintheclassroomthathetoldmeaboutit 1 all both 1 both用于两个人或事物 all用于两个以上的人或事物 均可作主语 all ofus likefruits both ofthem aregoodatenglish 2 用作同位语 作主语同位语时一般位于行为动词之前 be动词之后 theyall 或both agreedwithme theyareall 或both veryhealthy 2 one it 人称代词 one代替可数名词 表示上面所提到的那一类人 或物中的一个 其复数形式带定语时用ones 不带定语时用some 而it则用于指代上文提到的那个表示物的名词本身 既可指单数可数名词也可指不可数名词 idon thaveawatchbuti mgoingtobuyone 或some ihaveabicycle myauntgaveittome 3 noone nonenoone只用于指人 而none既可指人也可指物 如果说 若干人 物 之中一个也不 用noneof 后接复数名词时 谓语动词可以用复数 也可用单数 后接不可数名词时 谓语动词用单数 noonetoldmethathehadgonetoshanghai noneofthemhave 或has arrivedyet 不用noone noneofthemoneyismine 4 some any no every thing one body等 some常用于肯定句 any常用于否定句和疑问句 iknownothingofwhathadhappenedtohim ihavelittlerice soican tlendyouany sheisgoingtobuysomenewdresses 注意everyone和everyone 前者意思是 每个人 与everybody同义 后面不可跟of短语 后者意思是 每个人或物 后面跟of短语 试比较 everyoneintheclassroom 教室里的所有的人 everyoneofthechildren 这些孩子中的每一个 everyoneofthebooks 这些书中的每一本 5 another other theother others theothers的用法一览表 6 部分否定与全部否定 当all both each和every body thing 等表示整体意义的代词与否定词连用时 一般只表示部分否定 如果表示全部否定 应该用none noone neither nobody nothing等 allofthestudentswerenotlatefortheclass 不是所有的学生上课都迟到的 现代英语中常写成 notallthestudentswerelatefortheclass noneofthestudentswerelatefortheclass 没有一个学生上课迟到 用于构成特殊疑问句 其中what which whose兼有形容词特征 可以和名词连用 whatjobdoyouwanttofind whosegirlisshe whichsubjectisyourbestone 所有疑问代词都可以起名词作用 在句子中担任成分 whotoldyou whomareyouwaitingfor whosearethosebooks 在学习疑问代词时 对以下几组词要注意区别 1 which和what两者均可与名词连用 就人或物提问 但是which一般用于有一定选择范围的情况 what用于无选择范围或究竟是什么还不清楚的情况 whichcolourdoyoulike green red yelloworbrown whatcolourisherdress whatwritersdoyoulikebest 2 which和who两者都可作代词 它们的区别是不管选择的范围是大还是小 which一般用作指物 whichwouldyouliketoeat steakorfish whowonthegame smithorjohnson 当有一定选择范围时 whichone代替who作宾语 whichonedoyoulikebetter yourmotheroryourfather whichof可和人称代词或指人的名词连用 whichofyouhastakenawaymyenglishbook who whom whose which what whatever whoever等连接代词除起连接作用外 还可以在从句中担当主语 宾语 定语 表语等成分 thequestioniswhocanoperatethenewmachine 引导表语从句 作主语 theyaskedwhoseideathiswas 引导宾语从句 作定语 whenyouareolder youcanwatchwhateverprogrammeyoulike 引导宾语从句 作定语 i llgivemyticktowhoeverwantsit 这里whoever可看成 anyonewho or thepersonwho 语法精练1 susan goandjoinyoursistercleaningtheyard why johnissittingtheredoingnothing a himb hec id me答案d解析在省略句中 人称代词单独使用 且无谓语动词时常用宾语代替主格 2 2009 北京 35 beingaparentisnotalwayseasy andbeingtheparentofachildwithspecialneedsoftencarrieswithextrastress a itb themc oned him答案a解析it在句中代指beingtheparentofachildwithspecialneeds 3 it salittlesurprisingthatahousemadeofwoodorbamboomaystayupinanearthquakewhilemadeofsteelandconcretemayfalldown a oneb thatc itd what答案a解析one作替代词 表泛指 指代 ahouse 4 2009 全国 12 thecdsareonsale buyoneandyougetcompletelyfree a otherb othersc oned ones答案c解析句意为 这些cd在廉价出售 买一赠一 用one代替acd 5 2008 全国 30 whichofthetwocomputergamesdidyouprefer actuallyididn tlike a bothofthemb eitherofthemc noneofthemd neitherofthem答案b解析考查部分否定与全部否定 ididn tlikeeitherofthem 相当于ilikedneitherofthem 6 2008 全国 33 theenglishspokenintheunitedstatesisonlyslightlydifferentfromspokeninengland a whichb whatc thatd theone答案c解析that用来代替前面出现的theenglish 7 2008 安徽 21 thetwogirlsaregettingonverywellandsharewitheachother a littleb muchc somed none答案b解析句意为 这两个女孩现在相处得很好 她们互相分享很多东西 much作代词时 意为 许多 而some只是 一些 8 2008 福建 21 howdoyoufindyournewclassmates mostofthemarekind butissogoodtomeasbruce a noneb noonec everyoned someone答案a解析but表示前后语意转折 根据语境应排除c d两项 noone仅指人 表示泛指 none既指人又指物 用none时要有一定的范围 本题中暗含 noneofthem 的意思 9 2008 湖南 21 ourneighborsgaveababybirdyesterdaythathurtwhenitfellfromitsnest a us itb us itselfc ourselves itselfd ourselves it答案b解析句意为 昨天我们的邻居给了我们一只雏鸟 这只雏鸟从窝里摔下来时受了伤 第一空给 我们 应用us 第二空 鸟伤到了自己 故用反身代词itself 10 whenwasthegovernmentdecidedtomovethecitizensoutofthedowntownarea a thatwhatb thatwhichc itthatd itwhich答案c解析强调句型的特殊疑问句 被强调部分为when 11 2008 江西 23 isn titamazinghowthehumanbodyhealsafteraninjury a himselfb himc itselfd it答案c解析此处用itself指代人体自身 12 2008 辽宁 26 couldyoutellmehowtogettovictoriastreet victoriastreet iswherethegrandtheatreis a suchb therec thatd this答案c解析句意为 你能告诉我怎么去维多利亚大街吗 维多利亚大街 那是grandtheatre所在的地方 用that替代上文的victoriastreet 13 2008 陕西 12 hedoesn thavefurnitureinhisroom justanolddesk a anyb manyc somed much答案d解析由于破折号后出现了justanolddesk 表示肯定含义 且furniture为不可数名词 故空格处用much 14 2008 四川 11 themanagerbelievespriceswillnotrisebymorethanfourpercent a anyotherb theotherc anotherd other 答案c解析句意为 经理认为价格不会按高于另外4 的比例上涨 anyother表示 中任何其他的 在同范围中比较 如 chinaislargerthananyothercountryinasia 中国比亚洲的其他任何国家都大 theother表示 两者中的另一个 如 ihavetwodogs oneiswhiteandtheotherisblack 我有两条狗 一条是白的 另一条是黑的 another表示 三者以上的另外 又一个 后接数词 如 anotherweek 另一周 再一周 anothertwoweeks 另外两周 other表示 另外的 其他的 表泛指 15 2008 浙江 9 i dlikesomemorecheese sorry there sleft a someb nonec alittled few答案b解析根据答语 sorry 可知cheese没有了 alittle表肯定 有一点 few表否定 但用来修饰可数名词 16 2008 北京 25 itwashardforhimtolearnenglishinafamily inwhichoftheparentsspokethelanguage a noneb neitherc bothd each答案b解析由于hard表示 困难的 而parents又暗示空格处所填代词应表达的数量概念是 两个 故空格处用neither表示否定含义 17 2008 天津 5 toknowmoreaboutthebritishmuseum youcanusetheinternetorgotothelibrary or a neitherb somec alld both答案d解析句意为 要想了解更多大英博物馆的信息 你可以使用因特网或者去图书馆 或者两种方式都用 both指 两者都 18 2008 上海 26 doyouwantteaorcoffee ireallydon tmind a noneb neitherc eitherd all答案c解析由后面语境ireallydon tmind 可知 对于问话 答语应是 任意一种都可以 之意 故应选择c项 19 feltfunnywatchingmyselfontv a oneb thisc itd that答案c解析it为形式主语 真正的主语为动名词短语watchingmyselfontv 20 themayorhasofferedarewardof 5 000towhocancapturethetigeraliveordead a bothb othersc anyoned another答案c解析句意为 市长向任何可以活捉老虎或抓回死老虎的人悬赏5000美元 anyone 任何人 表泛指 worriesmethewayhekeepschanginghismind a thisb thatc whatd it答案d解析it在句中代指所发生的事情 theway在句中作方式状语 同时又作了先行词 其后为定语从句 省略了引导词that或inwhich 22 hehasmadealotoffilms butgoodones a anyb somec fewd many答案c解析由but可知此处应表示否定意义 故只有c项符合此用法 23 thebookisofgreatvalue canbeenjoyedunlessyoudigestit a nothingb somethingc everythingd anything答案a解析本题考查代词 句意为 这本书很有价值 除非你认真读了 要不然你欣赏不到什么 只有你认真读了 你才能欣赏到一些东西 unless如果不 除非 与前面否定的复合不定代词nothing构成双重否定表肯定 24 tosaveclasstime ourteacherhasstudentsdohalfoftheexercisesinclassandcompletetheotherhalfforourhomework a usb wec ourd ours答案a解析has后跟复合宾语 其宾语为us 宾补为do 句中students作us的同位语 25 victorcertainlycarestoomuchabouthimself yes he sneverinterestedinwhatisdoing a nooneelseb anyoneelsec someoneelsed nobodyelse答案b解析anyoneelse用于否定句中 前有never 指别的 其他的任何人 26 thereisstillacopyofthebooksinthelibrary willyougoandborrow no i dratherbuyinthebookstore a it oneb one onec one itd it it答案a解析本题考查代词 第一空指代前面的acopyofthebook 就那一本 为同名同物 用it 而第二空指到书店去买一本 泛指某一本 为同名异物 用one 27 treattoaglassofwinetohelpyourelaxattheendoftheday a oneb oneselfc youd yourself答案d解析考查反身代词与动词的搭配 treatoneselfto 舍得 吃 穿等 从句意 一天后 喝杯酒有助于放松 可知d正确 28 littlejoycanequalofasurprisingendingwhenyoureadstories a thatb thosec anyd some答案a解析joy为不可数名词 用一个代词代替时 须用that that代替不可数名词 且要有后置定语 29 hedidn tmakeclearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld a thisb thatc itd these答案c解析句意为 他没有把何时何地召开会议搞清楚 句中whenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld为make的真正宾语 it为形式宾语 clear为宾补 30 theinformationontheinternetgetsaroundmuchmorerapidlythaninthenewspaper a itb thosec oned that答案d解析that代替前面的不可数名词information it代指同名同物 b c代指可数名词 1 ihadnoideawhichwasbetter soitookofthem a allb anyc everyd both答案d解析根据 better 一词 可确定数量上是两个 故用both every在数量上指三个或三个以上 并且在句中只作定语 不作主语和宾语 2 mr smith sloveforusstudentsislikeforasonoradaughter thatiswhyweallrespectandlovehim a thatb itc whichd those答案a解析that可以作为替代词 代替前面的某个名词以避免措词重复 这种替代词that代替的是 the 单数名词 句中的that即 thatlove 相应地 替代词those代替 the 复数名词 另有一对替代词 one和ones one代替的是 a 单数名词 ones代替 泛指的复数名词 3 inthetimetakestodrinkacupofcoffee customerscangetapairofspecial madeshoesinthisstore a itb onec thatd when答案a解析本句为 ittakestimetodosth 句型 ittakestodrinkacupofcoffee为定语从句 修饰thetime 定语从句中省略了作宾语的关系代词that 如用one 则与句子的主语thecustomers在人称上不一致 4 asastudent wedoneedalotofexercisestomakethetextknowledge a tobeoursb ourownc ofourownd oursown答案b解析动词make可接名词作宾补 表示 使 宾语 成为 如 marxmadelondonthebaseforhisrevolutionarywork 题中的 ourown 即 ourownknowledge 是动词make后的宾补 该部分意思为 使课本知识成为自己的知识 5 theparkersboughtanewhouse butwillneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein a theyb itc oned which答案b解析it在句子中指代theparkers所买的房子 在英语中 如果所指的是同种事物要用代词it和they them 如果指代的是同一类事物要用代词one和ones 6 somepeoplewouldratherridebikesasbikeridinghasofthetroublesoftakingbuses a nothingb nonec somed neither答案b解析nothing是不定代词 不能放在介词of的前面 neither 两者 都不 some与句子的意思不符 都不能作为答案 用none表示 没有乘公共汽车的麻烦 7 whocanyouturntointimeofdanger ifnot a anyb usc wed ours答案b解析turntosb 表示 向 请求帮助 从句是个省略句 ifnotus即ifyoudon tturntous 8 ifyoucandream youcando a one itb it onec one oned it it答案d解析句意为 如果你能想到你就能做到 it和one作代词时 one指代前面已提到过的可数名词的单数形式 复数用ones 而it即可指代可数名词也可指代不可数名词 8 ifyoucandream youcando a one itb it onec one oned it it答案d解析句意为 如果你能想到你就能做到 it和one作代词时 one指代前面已提到过的可数名词的单数形式 复数用ones 而it即可指代可数名词也可指代不可数名词 9 mr ascot headmasteroftheschool refusedtoacceptofthethreesuggestionsmadebythestudents union a eitherb neitherc anyd none答案c解析none和neither表否定 与句中的refusedtoacept这一语境不符 在either与any两个选项中 either指两者 与句中的threesuggestions不符 故只能选any 指三者中的任意一个 10 thebestjobiswhichusesyourskillindoingsomethingtogetherwithyourinterestinthesubject a somethingb theonec oned it答案c解析该句中缺少一个先行词 a b项也可作先行词 但引导词应用that 因此正确选项为c项 阅读表达专练 3 阅读下面的短文 并根据短文后的要求答题 请注意问题后的词数要求 a 2009 山东省潍坊市高考二模 ifyouareamaleandyouarereadingthis congratulations youareasurvivor accordingtostatistics youaremorethantwiceaslikelytodieofskincancerthanawoman andninetimesmorelikelytodieofaids therearemanyreasonsforthis typically mentakemorerisksthanwomanandaremorelikelytodrinkandsmokebutperhapsmoreimportantly mendon tgotothedoctor gullotta aprofessorfromafamousmedicaluniversity saysahealthymanshouldvisitthedoctoreveryyearortwo forthoseover45 itshouldbeatleastonceayear twomonthsagogullottasawa50 year oldmanwhohaddelayeddoinganythingabouthissmoker scoughforayear accordingtoarecentsurvey 95 ofwomenagedbetween15andearly40sseeadoctoronceayear comparedto70 ofmeninthesameagegroup alotofmenthinktheyareabsolutelystrong gullottasays theyonlycomeinwhenafrienddropsdeadonthegolfcourseandtheythink ifitcouldhappentohim thenthereistheostrichapproach somemenarescaredofwhatmightbethereandwouldrathernotknow saysdr rosscartmill mostmengettheircarsservicedmoreregularlythantheyservicetheirbodies cartmillsays hebelievesmostdiseasesthatcommonlyaffectmencouldbeaddressedbypreventivecheck ups cartmillsays regularcheck upsformenwouldsurelyplacestressonthepublicpurse butpreventionischeaperinthelongrunthanhavingtotreatthediseases besides theultimatecostisfargreater itiscalledprematuredeath 1 whatisthebesttitleofthepassage pleaseanswerwithin10words mentakemorerisksthanwomeninhealth2 whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone inhisopinion medicalexaminationsinadvancecanhelpsolvesomecommonmalediseases hebelievesmostdiseasesthatcommonlyaffectmencouldbeaddressedbypreventivecheck ups 3 pleasefillintheblankinthesixthparagraphwithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence pleaseanswerwithin10words itcouldhappentome too4 givethreesuggestionsformentokeephealthy pleaseanswerwithin30words 1 2 3 5 translatetheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphintochinese 男士定期进行医疗检查肯定会对国库造成压力 但从长远来看 疾病预防要比治疗花费少得多 neversmoke haveregularmedicalcare doexerciseeveryday basisknowntoall cancerisamongthetopkillerdiseasesinoursocietytodayandscien tistshavefoundoutthatstresshelpstobringiton itisworthwhiletoconsider therefore whatareinourlife andwhetherwecandoanythingaboutit areweunderemployed oroverburdenedwithtoomanyresponsibilities doyouhavearightbalanceofworkandleisure 闲暇 inourlives areourrelationshipswithfamily friends orfellowworkersalltheyshouldbe doyouhaveahealthydietandeatyourthree timedaymealsregularly allthesethingscanbeacauseofstress anditisbesttofacethemhonestly andtobringourfrustration 挫折 intotheopen peoplewhohaveafiercequarrelandthenforgetitaredoingtheirhealthmoregoodthanthosewhobottleuptheirfeelings ifourself examinationhasbroughtanycausesofstress letusconsiderwhatwecando aboutthem itispossibletochangejobs wecanmakemoreleisureandfillitmorehappily ifweacceptadifferentlivingstandard wecanimpr oveourpersonalrelationshipsbyadifferentattitude itiswewhoallowotherpeopletomakeourselvesunhappy oftenthelittlethingsthatdisturbusarenotworthanhour sanger theteachinginthebible letthesunnotgodownuponyourwrath 愤怒 isgoodadvicefromthehealthpointofviewaswellasthereligious 6 whatisthispassagemainlyabout within15words thecausesofstressinourlifeandwhatwecandoaboutthem howtodealwithstress 7 fillintheblankinparagraph1withproperwords within8words thecausesofstress8 whichsentenceisclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone isthereanythingwrongintherelationshipswithpeoplearoundus areourrelationshipswithfamily friendsorfellowworkersalltheyshouldbe 9 listthreewaysthatmightreducestressbasedonthepassage within15words 1 2 3 10 translatetheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3intochinese 那些大吵一架后淡忘此事的人比那些情绪封闭的人更有益于身体健康 changejobs changeattitude acceptadifferentlivingstandard 山东省淄博市2008 2009学年度高三检测 1 eachofushastobeabletothinkscientifically andtounderstandsomescience everydaywefacedecisionsthatdependonscience evenfordecisionsthatdon tdependonspecificscienti ficfacts scienceremainstheprovensetofbestmethodsforacquiringaccurateinformationabouttheworld 2 decisionsmadebypolicy makersingovernmentorbusinessfundamentallyaffect thewell beingofeveryone andmostofthemknownomoreaboutsciencethantherestofthegeneralpublicdoes yettheymustdecidewhattodoaboutglobalwarming expensivespaceprograms andapplicationsofbiotechnology it sthenon scientists notscientists whohavethelastwordonwhetherwecandrinksafemilk tomakesuchdecisionswisely thedecisionmakershavetobedrawnfromascientificallyeducatedpublic 3 asvoters weallbearthefinalrespon sibilityforthosedecisions becausewearetheoneswhodecidewhic