商务管理与沟通中英翻译.ppt

McGraw Hill IrwinCopyright 2009byTheMcGraw HillCompanies AllRightsReserved Chapter5 Planning Composing Revising GoodWritersFourComposingActivitiesTimeManagementBrainstorm Plan OrganizeRevise Edit andProofreadFeedbackWriter sBlock WaysGoodWritersWrite RevisefirstdraftsWriteregularlyBreakbigjobsintosmallchunksFocusonpurpose audienceChoosefromseveraldifferentstrategiesUserulesflexiblyFinishadraftbeforeeditingtext FourBasicComposingActivities Plan analyze gatherWrite transformideasintowordsRevise evaluate getfeedback changeEdit correctgrammar typos 1 Planning Analyzeproblem definepurposes analyzeaudiencesThinkofinformation gatheritResearch files books magazines WebsitesChooseorganizationpatternMakeanoutline 2 Writing PutideasintowordsonpaperorscreenMakealistJotnotesDostream of consciousnesswritingCreateformaldraft 3 Revising Evaluateintermsofaudience goals andsituationWillaudienceunderstandit Isitcomplete Isitconvincing also friendly GetfeedbackfromsomeoneelseAdd delete substitute orrearrangesinglewordsorlargesections 4 Editing Focusonsurfaceofmessage StandardEnglishGrammarcorrecttypographicalerrors MoreAboutComposingActivities Don thavetodoin1 2 3orderDon thavetofinishonetostartanotherDon thavetouseallactivitiesforeverymessage Writing TimeManagement 1 3 Write 1 3 Analyzesituation gatherinformation organizemessage 1 3 Revise edit andproofread Brainstorm Plan Organize Whencontentisn tobvious BrainstormFreewriteClusterTalktoaudiences Brainstorm QuicklyjotalltheideasyoucanTryforadozenideaswithoutstoppingWhenideasrunout judgeeachideaonlist Freewrite Writenonstopfor10to12min ReadandidentifybestpointsRepeatStep1oncleanpageKeepallusabletext Cluster WritetopicatmiddleofpageWriterelatedideasarounditLookforpatterns repeatedideasGrouprelatedideasbycolorUsegroupstodevelopcontent Cluster Example TalktoYourAudiences InvolvereadersinplanningHelpsreducethenumberofrevisions Revise Edit Proofread Revise changecontenttosatisfypurposesandaudiencesEdit changemechanicalflaws grammarerrorsProofread correcttypingerrors WhenYouRevise RevisedraftthreetimesormoreContentandclarityOrganizationandlayoutGoodwillfactorsYou attitudePositiveemphasisToneandstyle WhenYouRevise continued TryredraftingonblankpageanduseWIRMI WhatIReallyMeanIsReadthedocumentfromstarttofinishDolightrevisionwhentimeisshort ReviseContent Clarity Areallpurposesmet Isneededinformationincluded accurate andclear Isthemessageeasytoread Iseachsentenceclear Islogicclearandconvincing Islogicbackedupwithdetails ReviseOrganization Layout Isorganizationpatterneffective Doideasflowsmoothly Isvisualdesigneffective Isemphasisappropriate Arefirstandlastparagraphseffective VisualDesign MarginsHeadingsFontsizeBulletsBoldtextWhitespace Recall10Easy ReadingTechniquesChapter4 ReviseStyle Tone Doesthemessageuseyou attitudeandpositiveemphasis Isitfriendlyandbias free Doesitconveygoodwill WhenYouEdit Revisefirst theneditEdithardcopy notscreenCheckerrorsyouoftenmake SentencestructureAgreement subj verb noun pro Punctuation numbersWordusage spelling WhenYouProofread CheckwithspellcheckerandbyeyeSwapcopywithproofingbuddyReadoncequicklyformeaningReadagainslowlyCorrectanyerror rereadthatlineWhenyouknowtextwell Readbackward short Readpagesoutoforder long Triple CheckNumbersHeadingsFirst Last Reader sname UseFeedback AskforfeedbackyouwantApproach Benefits Tone GrammarHeedcomments evenif