虚拟语气一.doc

虚拟语气一 （Subjunctive Mood）虚拟语气的定义：虚拟语气用来表示说话人的假设、愿望、怀疑或推测，而不表示客观存在的事实。所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气的用法：下面将从虚拟语气在不同从句中的不同用法来做划分。一、用于条件从句If（一）与现在事实相反：从句：If+主语+过去时（be的过去式一般用were） 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形If I had the chance, I would ask Leonardo DiCaprio to be my boyfriend.If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad.（二）与过去事实相反：从句：If+主语+过去完成时had done 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done If he had taken my advice, he would have passed the exam. If I had arrived one minute earlier, I could have caught the plane.（三）与将来事实可能相反：1. 从句：if+主语+were to do 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do2. 从句：if+主语+did/were 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do3. 从句：if+主语+should+do 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. If I got up at six oclock tomorrow morning, I would go jogging with you. If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next day. （四）倒装虚拟：当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即将were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 Were I you, I would go with him. = If I were you, I would go with him. Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. = If he should agree to go there, we would send him there. Had it not rained, we would go for a basketball match. =If it had not rained, we would go for a basketball match.（五）含蓄虚拟：也称含蓄条件句。指虚拟条件从句(If)有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来。在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，也即介词短语代替虚拟条件从句，如without, but for (要不是), otherwise, but that, except for, only, but, or等。 Without air (If there were no air), there would be no living things. (与现在事实相反)But for your help (If it had not been for your help), I could not have done it. (与过去事实相反)Mary couldnt have received my letter. Otherwise she would have replied. （与过去事实相反）翻译：1. If . 如果我现在有足够的钱，我就会买辆小车。2. If . 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。3. Had . 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。4. Were . 如果我是你，我会带把伞。5. If . 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。6. . 要不是他的帮助，我们现在还会在工作呢。（用含蓄虚拟）（六）混合虚拟：指主句和从句的谓语动词分别指不同时间。在这种虚拟情况，动词形式应根据实际情况灵活使用，在做这些题目时候尤其要注意每道题目的提示语：时间状语。 1. 从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 2. 从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If she were not so careless, she wouldnt have made such a mistake. 3. 虚拟与陈述的混合，即一半为虚拟，另一半为陈述，陈述句由but引导。 He would put on weight, but he doesnt eat much. (与现在事实相反)He would have put on weight, but he didnt eat much. (与过去事实相反)7. . 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。8. . 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。9. . 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在就会成为一名工程师了。10. . 要是他认识她的话，他那天肯定会去问候她了。二、用于宾语从句中：1. 用在 wish后面的宾语从句（1）表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式 I wish it were autumn now.（2）表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用had+done He wishes he had not lost the chance.（3）表示将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词用should/would+动词原形 I wish you would appear in front of my eyes immediately.2. 用在表示“建议、要求、命令”等动词后的宾语从句 一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order, command)四建议(advice, suggest, propose, recommend)五要求(demand, require, request, desire, insist)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用(should+) 动词原形。 I suggest that we (should) set off at once. I demanded that he (should) answer me immediately. Heorderedthat we(should) take the teachers advice.注意：1. 特别提示：在复习时，可以把相似用法归类记忆。当一个动词后面的宾语从句中应使用（should）do的虚拟语气形式时，则可推理出用法相同的以下一组从句（以动词advise为例）：（1）I advise that we stay and wait here（动词后的宾语从句）（2）It is advised that we stay here（It is 动词的过去分词that引导的主语从句）（3）It is advisable that we stay here（It is 由该动词派生的形容词that引导的主语从句）（4）My advice is that we stay here（由该动词转换的名词后面的表语从句）（5）I offered the advice that we stay here（由该动词转换的名词后面的同位语从句）（6）I think it advisable that we stay here（由该动词转换的形容词作宾语补足语，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气） 以上六类从句中谓语动词都使用了should do的虚拟语气形式，其中，should可以省略。2. insist如果翻译成“坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气；翻译成“坚持某种观点”就不用虚拟语气。3. suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。三、用在even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句中：主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。Even if Lin Tao were here, I should say the same thing. (与现在事实相反)Even though he had been ill, he would have gone to his office. (与过去事实相反)Even if he were to come here, he could not solve the problem. (与将来事实相反) 注意：上面的混合虚拟也适用于even if / even though 从句里。11. . 我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。12. . 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。13. It is politely requested by the hotel management that . 旅馆管理部门恳请客人晚上11点后不要打开收音机。14. . 他们坚持要派一位有经验的销售经理到上海的分公司去。15. . 即使华佗在世也救不了他。Multiple Choices:1. -“Mary looks hot and dry”. -“So _ you if you had a high fever.”A. doB. areC. willD. would2. The plant is dead. I _ more water.A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given3. If you the doctors advice, you would have already recovered.A. follow B. followed C. would follow D. had followed4. I wish I _ you yesterday.A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see5. -If he _, he _ that food.- Luckily he was sent to hospital immediately.A. was warned, would not take B. had been warned, would not have takenC. would be warned, had not taken D. would have been warned, had not taken6. If you early tomorrow morning, you would be there by noon.A. have started B. were start C. were to start D. had started7. - Are you thinking about going to Dalian for the vacation?-No, but if I time, I very glad to go there.A. have, will be B. had had, would have beenC. had, would be D. had had, would be8. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _ something she would regret later. A. had saidB. saidC. might sayD. might have said9. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he _ badly wounded and that he _ a