高考英语二轮复习精品资料 专题03 代词教学案（教师版）.doc

2013高考英语二轮复习精品资料专题03 代词（教学案，教师版）【2013高考考纲解读】代词可以使语句简洁、干净利落。因此也是高考的一个重要考点。代词多出现在单项填空和阅读理解中。从近几年的高考题来看。代词的考点主要集中在不定代词以及it的用法上。命题点：一是不同代词之间的意义和功能，如：all，both，none，neither，either，any等意义区别；it，one，ones，that，those的不同指代功能；二是不同代词在语法特征上的差异。2013年的高考会加强对用法较复杂的不定代词的考查。【重点知识整合】一、人称代词：主格一般用作主语；宾格一般用作宾语，值得注意的是：当人称代词孤立地用于不带谓语的句子时，一般使用宾格。 does any of you know where tom lives?你们中有没有人知道汤姆住在哪里？ me我知道。【例】my grandma still treats me like a child. she cant imagine _ grown up. a. my b. mine c. myself d. me 二 、物主代词：物主代词分为名词性和形容词性物主代词，名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词名词”，在句中作主语、宾语、表语或与of连用作后置定语，但不能作定语。 三 、反身代词 反身代词一般用来强调自己，在句中可用作某些动词或介词的宾语。如：dress oneself自己穿衣；feel oneself觉得正常；come to oneself恢复知觉；help oneself to随便吃用； devote oneself to致力于；make oneseif at home不拘束；enjoy oneself玩得痛快；say to oneself心里想；excuse oneself自我辩解；talkspeak to oneseif自言自语；defend oneself自卫； make oneself done使自己被；teach oneself自学；seat oneself坐下；introduce oneself自我介绍；hide oneself躲藏；call oneself自称；find oneself.不知不觉处于；amuse oneself自娱自乐；express oneself表达自己；by oneself，for oneself，to oneself。还可以作主语或宾语的同位语，可译作“亲自，本人”，但不能作主语。【例】our neighbors gave a baby bird yesterday that hurt when it fell from its nest. a. us, it b. us, itself c. ourselves, itself d. ourselves, it四、指示代词：1）单数this，that；复数these，those。而this，these是近指；that，those是远指。在说话当中，this一般指下文要讲的事，that一般指上文所提到的事或内容。2）this, these是时间或空间上的“近指”，可与here连用；that, those是时间或空间上的“远指”，可与there连用。3）指上文提到的事一般用that，有时也用this，指下文的事只能用this。4）打电话时，用this来介绍自己，用that来问对方，不用i或you。【例】nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with _ of their parents. a. those b. one c. it d. that 五、不定代词 some与any：some一般用于肯定句中，但在表示请求并希望对方能给予肯定回答时，可用于疑问句中；any一般用于否定和疑问句中，但当any强调“任何”时，也可用于肯定句中。同理，something，somebody，someone的用法同some；anything，anybody，anyone的用法同any。此外，还要注意积累一些常考不定代词的熟词新意，如： 代词基本意义其他意义everything一切事最重要的事everyone =everybody每个人所有人something某事重要（了不起）的人或事物anyone =anybody任何人，无论谁重要的人nothing没有东西，什么也没有不重要的人或事someone =somebody某/有人重要的人anything什么事物，任何事物no one=nobody没有人（只能指人，不能指物）不重要的人【注意】（1）当这些不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 （2） 不定代词的修饰词位置 形容词或动词不定式修饰something，anything, nothing等不定代词时，这些修饰成分要放在后面。如：there is something wrong with the clock.闹钟出了毛病。 theres nothing new in todays newspaper.今天报纸上没有什么特别新闻。（3） no one，nothing与none的用法1）no one意为“没有人”，只能指人，不能指物，不可与介词of连用，谓语动词用单数形式，回答who引导的问句。如：who is in the washroom?no one.2）nothing意为“没有东西”，一般回答what。如：whats in the box?nothing.3）none既可指人，也可指物，强调数量，意为“一点也不，一个也不”；谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数；常与of连用，通常指“三者以上的人或物中没有一个”， how manymuch提问时的否定回答用none；who提问时的否定回答用no one；what提问时的否定回答用nothing。如：they were all tired. but none of them would stop to have a rest.他们都累了，但没有一个愿意停下来休息。4)another指三者或三者以上当中的另一个；the other指两者当中的另一个，也可接名词复数，特指其它某些人或物；any指三者或三者以上当中的任意一个。 5)other意思是“其他的”，不能单独使用，后面必须接名词，表泛指；others可指其他的人或东西，相当于other+名词复数；the others特指其他某些人或物，相当于the other+名词复数。 6)either指两者中的任意一个，表示肯定；neither表示否定，指两者都不；nor表示否定，指三者或三者以上都不。 neithernor的其它用法：neither一般只能作代词，而nor既可作代词又可作连词，连接两个否定意义的句子时，一般用nor，若用neither，则需在neither前加and。neithernor位于句首时，句子须部分倒装。 【考题示例】do you want tea or coffee? . i really dont mind. a. none b. neither c. either d. all 7)such指具体的人或事；so只能用在某些动词后面，指情况或内容。 such a+ adj + n, so +adj +a +n such +adj +n(pl或不可数名词) so +manymuchfewlittle +n(pf或不可数名词) 注意：但当little指个子小时，还是用such little +n。 8)every不能单独使用，必须与名词一起使用，强调全部、所有；each可单独使用，也可修饰名词，强调单个的个体。9) all指三者或三者以上“所有，全部”，而both指“两者都”，常与and连用，成为bothand。10)对含有all，both，every，each等词的句子进行否定时，不管not位于什么地方，句子所表达的否定都为部分否定。【考题示例】jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didnt answer of them. a. other b. any c. none d. some 11）掌握一些有关不定代词的固定搭配，如：something like 稍微，有点像，大约nothing but 仅仅，只不过 for nothing 徒劳，免费 something of the kind (或 sort)诸如此类的人(或事物)think oneself something自以为了不起，自命不凡如：he is something like his brother.他有点象他哥哥。all that preparation was for nothing because the visit was cancelled.因为访问取消了, 一切准备工作都白费了。六、another, (the) other(s), the rest代词意义及用法例句another泛指“另一个，有一个，再一个”，其复数形式是others泛指“别人或别的物”，someothers. . .为其固定搭配，意思是：一些另一些。please fetch another cup for me.the other特指两者中的另一个，常有onethe other(一个另一个)的搭配；其复数形式the others或“the other 复数名词”特指在某些人或物中，除去一部分后，“其余的”“剩下的”人或物。both my uncles are abroad，one in paris and the other in new york.another用于三者或三者以上中的任何一个，另一个。some cleaned the blackboards, others mopped the floor. the rest可代替可数名词，也可代替不可数名词。而another, other, others, the other(s)只能代替可数名词。the cold weather will persist for the rest of the week.此外，还要注意下列固定用法：other than(除外), each other, one another(相互), one after another(一个接一个), “any other 单数名词”(别的/其他的任何一个)，one way or another（以某种形式）等。【考题示例】i felt so bad all day yesterday that i decided this morning i couldnt face _ day like that. a. other b. another c. the other d. others 七、 疑问代词的用法注意疑问词what与下列名词的搭配what is the population/ the distance/ the price/ the address/ the attitude/ the height/depth/width/length/size/weight ? 人口是多少/ 距离是多远/ 价格是多少/住在哪里/态度怎样/高度/深度/宽度/长度/大小/重量是多少？八、it 的用法口诀速记：it 词小本事大， 人称代词包括它； 不明身份和性别，模糊指代就用它；距离日期和时间，天气环境全靠它；形宾形主惯用法，强调句型它当家。1)指代姓别不明的人look at the baby.isnt it lovely?2)指天气、时间、距离、自然现象、环境等。 its twenty miles to the zoo.3)作形式主语或形式宾语代替不定式、动名词、名词性从句。 its of great help to learn english well.i find it quite necessary to make some changes.4) 特殊的形式宾语it。enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后接 if 从句或 when 从句，通常应先在动词后接 it 作形式宾语。如：i will appreciate it if you can give me a hand.5)用于强调句中：it iswasthatwho。its from the sun that we get light and heat.6)含it的常见短语：make it 达到预定目标, 及时抵达, 走完路程,take it easy 别着急,放心好了believe it or not信不信由你forget it.没关系；别在意；算了吧go it赶快干；加把劲get it明白了thats it.（口语）完了；没有了（表示某个情况已经结束）；做得对as it is 事实上，实际情况是；照原样如：its hard to make it to the top in show business.shall we meet next week? ok. we just make it next saturday.leave the table as it is.you can have one more cookie and then thats it.你可以再吃一块，吃完就没有了。7) it构成的句型it用作形式主语或宾语，代替真正主语（或宾语）从句、不定式或动名词。常见的用it作形式主语的常见句型有：（1） it +be+adj./n. (for sb.) to do sth.it+be+adj. +of sb.to do sth.it+be+ adj./n. doing sth.it+be+adj./n.+that-从句it+be+past participle(过去分词)+ that-从句we thought it strange that mr. smith did not come last night.（it与that从句之间带有strange）昨晚史密斯先生没有来我们觉得很奇怪。he thinks it his duty to help others.他认为帮助别人是他的职责。it is impossible for him to finish the work within two hours.要他在两个小时之内完成这项工作是不可能的。注意事项theres+n.+that-从句的比较(名词no way, possibility用theres开头)was there no way to prevent it?没有办法避免吗？where ignorance is our master, there is no possibility of real peace.当无知主宰我们时，决不可能有真正的和平。（2） it seems/appears/happens/occurs+that-从句it seems/looks as ifit is up to sb. to do sth.it depends on it thatit depends on it that they will support you.(on一般不直接跟that从句，故使用it作宾语)你不可以指望他们支持你。it is up to you to get to school on time.准时到校得靠你自己。（3） it takes sb. some time to do sth.it takes half an hour to go there on foot.(it指代的是to go there on foot)步行道那里用半个小时。（4）it is/wasthat/who强调句 it强调句中的用法：it is/was+被强调部分+that/who+剩余部分，它通常用来突出说话人强调的语言信息(不能强调动词)，给对方以强烈的印象和感受。在本结构中，it无意义，但不能换成this, that等。注意事项(1)若原句时态时现在时或将来时，be则用is；若原句谓语动词为过去时，则be用was；若被强调部分是“人”，也可用who/that，若是强调“物”，则只用that，不能用which.（5）几个表示时间的句型比较：it+is/has been +一段时间+since-从句。如：its ages since we last met.自从上次见面到现在有很多年了。it+was/will be+一段时间+ before-从句（从句用一般过去时或一般现在时）it was not long before he left nanjing.不久他就离开了南京。it+was+点时间+when从句（从句谓语用一般过去时）it was eight oclock/night when we arrived.我们到时是八点/午夜。（6）it的特殊句型put it,publish it,see to it,depend on it,count on it等一般接that引导的从句；like it，dislike it，hate it，appreciate it等一般与if或when引导的从句连用。 you can count on it that he is a millionaire. 你可以相信他是个百万富翁。 i hate it when people talk with their mouths full. 我不喜欢人们嘴里满是东西时说话。ill appreciate it if you can help me. 如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。【考题示例】jane was walking round the department store. she remembered how difficult _ was to choose a suitable christmas present for her father.a. that b. those c. it d. this 九、代词重难点透视1. 考查代词的指代一致问题 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词在人称、数和格方面与所指代的名词或代词要保持一致。【考题示例】(1)youll find as you read this book that you just keep some of these stories to_. youll want to share them with a friend. a. itself b. yourself c. himself d. themselves (2)some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are_. a. him and her b. his and hers c. his and her d. him and hers2 考查替代词及其复数形式的运用 替代词one(ones), the one(ones), that(those), it(they)是考试中非常活跃的词汇，高考常针对以下问题进行考查。（1）考查替代词的不同含义替代含义的不同 it特指的同一事物，既可代替可数名词，又可代替不可数名词。 one泛指的同类异物，只替代可数名词单数。 that特指的同类异物，既可指可数名词，又可代替不可数名词。（2）考查替代词的复数问题it的复数为they,替代可数的人或物. that 的复数为those,特指同类异物. one的复数为ones,泛指同类异物. those相当于the ones； that 相当the one，但在比较结构中多用 those 和that。【考题示例】 (1)i prefer a flat in inverness to _ in perth, because i want to live near my moms. a. one b. that c. it d. this (2)im moving to the countryside because air there is much fresher than _in the city. a. ones b. one c. that d. those (3)cars do cause us some health problems-in fact far more serious _ than mobile phones do. a. one b. ones c. it d. those3 考查不定代词及相关词的用法和区别考查不定代词all ,both, neither, none, any, either, every, each 的区别 考查不定代词somebody/one, everybody/one, anybody/one , nobody/ no one 及 some/ every/ any/ nothing的区别考查不定代词在部分否定和全否结构中的区别【考题示例】 (1)-one weeks time has been wasted. -i cant believe we did all that work for _. a. something b. nothing c. everything d. anything (2)i made a call to my parents yesterday. to my disappointment, _ of them answered it. a. either b. none c. neither d. nobody (3)of all the books on the desk, _ is of any use for our study. a. nothing b. no one c. neither d. none4. 考查疑问代词(副词)的运用 疑问代词主要有who, whose, whom, what, which , whatever, whoever, whichever。这里主要谈谈else在疑问代词(副词)中的运用。else 用作adv副词，修饰不定代词，疑问代词，疑问副词，作后置修饰语。 else 一般不用来修饰which 。【考题示例】 (1) -victor certainly cares two much about himself.-well ,_ could they live in such comfort? a. no one else b. anyone else c. someone else d. nobody else (2)-i hear they arent pleased with the house youve chosen for them. -well, _could they live in such comfort? a. where else b. what else c. how else d. why else【高频考点突破】考点一、 考查人称代词一般地说人称代词作主语时用主格；作宾语时用宾格；作定语时用形容词性物主代词；名词性物主代词可以代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”。但口语中，在无动词的句子里，往往用代词的宾格形式。1用于无谓语的句子中does any of you know why jack hasnt come yet?你们有谁知道杰克为什么还没有到吗?me我。特别提示答语如果带谓语，就得用主格，如：i can和i do，too/so do i2表示惊奇、猜疑、反问、不满、厌烦等情绪do you have good eyesight，young man?年轻人，你的视力好吗?me? i can see a sparrow two hundred paces away我?我能看见一只两百步外的云雀。what? me fight a big chap like him? not me!什么?我同像他那样的大个子打架?不会是我！3代替as，than等连词之后的主格(多用于口语中，尤其用于句末)im not as tall as him(he)我没有他个子高。)she is much more careful than me(i)她比我细心得多。当这类人称代词带有all，both等同位语时，用宾格的形式就更为常见了。如：【考题示例】he works harder than us a11他比我们所有人学习都刻苦。the old lady is said to have three children ,two of studying abroad.a whom b them c all d who考点二、考查指示代词1this/these，that/thosethis, these指代下面要说的内容；that，those指代上面陈述过的内容。如：what id like to say about how to improve our spoken english is like this关于如何提高我们的英语口语，我想说的是这样的。thats allthank you我的话完了。谢谢。(多用于演讲、口头通知的结束语)salaries are higher here than those in my hometown这里的薪水比我家乡的高。2一些习惯说法中this和that的用法比较固定whos that?你是谁?(打电话用语)this is mary我是mary。(打电话用语)thats all right/ok不用谢。(对感谢的答语)thats nothing没什么。(对道歉的答语) thats that就这么定了。(表示决定不能更改)thats a11就这些了。that is那就是3this，that有时可以用作副词，意为“这么，那么”，用在形容词或副词前作状语，表示程度。it isnt that cold还没那么冷。考点三、考查不定代词以下是几组易混不定代词：1some类不定代词与any类不定代词(1)some类不定代词多用于肯定句中；any类的多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。如：raise your hands if you have any questions如果你们有问题，请举手。(2)但在表示客气的请求或希望对方给予肯定回答的疑问句中，要用some类的不定代词。如：would you like something to drink?你要喝点什么吗?(3)any类的不定代词用在肯定句中，表示“任何(一个)；任何事情；无论什么”。如：she promised that she could do anything for you她许诺能为你做任何事情。2all，both，neither，none(1)all指三者或三者以上“都”，both指两者“都”。如：both(of)his hands were wounded他的两只手都受伤了。all(of)his fingers were wounded他的手指都受伤了。(多于两个手指)(2)neither表示“两个都不”，常和of连用，放在带有冠词、物主代词或指示代词的复数名词之前，作主语时，谓语动词可以用单数或复数；none表示三个或三个以上“都不”，可用于人，也可用于物，后可接of短语，与复数名词、代词或单数集合名词连用作主语，指人时，谓语动词用单、复数皆可；指物时，只用第三人称单数形式。如：neither of the twins is/are correct那两个双胞胎都不正确。none of us has/have ever been to the great wall我们没有人去过长城。3any，either，each，every(1)any一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。也可用在肯定句中，以加强语气，表示“任一”的概念；还可以用来修饰可数名词单数，表示三者或三者以上中的“任何一个”。如：i didnt eat any meat我一点儿肉也没吃。4no，none，nothing，nobody(1)no不能单独使用，相当于not a或not any，作定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：you have no sympathy for the sufferings of others你对别人的痛苦没有同情心。(2)none既可以指人，也可以指物，侧重指三者或三者以上的人或物，用于回答how many/much引导的疑问句，可与介词of连用。如：none of the books is suitable for the young这些书都不适合年轻人读。 how many people are there in the room?屋内有多少人? none没人。(3)nobody指人，用于回答who引导的疑问句；nothing指物，用于回答what引导的疑问句。如： who is in the room?谁在屋内? nobody没有人。5it，one，ones， that和those(1)it特指上文所提到的同一个物，它所代替的名词常由the，this，that等修饰。one指上文提到的同类事物中的一个，不特指，被指代的名词通常由不定代词some或any修饰。如：where is that book?i cant find it那本书在哪儿?我找不到它。i havent got any eraserswill you please give me one?我没有橡皮，请你给我一块好吗?(2)one与that都可用来代替上文中出现的名词，one前要用定冠词the，有时that和the one可互换使用。如：the book isnt so interesting as the one/that you borrowed这本书不如你借的那本有趣。(3)但that和one在多数情况下是不能互换的，主要区别在于：that既可代替可数名词，也可代替不可数名词，常要求有后置定语，一般不指人，复数形式为those。one只能代替可数名词单数，复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时，只能用one，不用that。当of短语作可数名词的后置定语时，用that，不用one。如：the best cigarettes are those from yunnan最好的香烟是那些来自云南的。the boy told me his story and that of the girl next door这个男孩跟我讲了他以及隔壁那个女孩的故事。your coat is blue，and my new one is green你的大衣是蓝色的，我的新大衣是绿色的。(4)the ones用来代替上文提到的特指的复数名词，有时可以用those代替，尤其在有后置定语的情况下。如：the books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk桌上的那些书比桌下的好。6another，other，others，more(1)another既可以单独使用，也可以用于单数名词前，泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个人或物”。还可以用“another+数量词+复数名词”，表示”再，又”。如：was there another way out?还有别的路出去吗?wed better wait another five minutes我们最好再等五分钟。特别提示表示“另外一个学生”只能用another student，不能说成another one student。(2)other不能单独使用，应用于复数名词前，表示另外的某些人或物，也可以用在some，any，no之后，或具体数词之后，再接名词，构成”不定代词或具体数词+other+名词”；接单数名词时，还可以用在冠词the后，特指两个人或物中的另外一个(可以省略为the other)，或特指另外的某些人或物(可以省略为the others)，others泛指”其他的(事物)，别人”。如：one remained and the other went away一个留下了，另一个走了。we should learn to treat others as equals我们应该学会平等待人。7something，anything，everything，nothing(1)something一般用在肯定句中，也可以用在表示邀请、征询意见的委婉问句中。如：could you do something for me?请为我做点事好吗?(2)anything用在否定句、疑问句或条件句中。如：there isnt anything inside里面什么也没有。(3)everything意为”一切事物”，可用在肯定句或疑问句中。用于否定句时，表示部分否定；表示全部否定时要用nothing或not anything。如：everything is good when new，but friends when old东西是新的好，朋友是老的亲。(谚语)(4)nothing表示”什么也没有”，常用于陈述句，表示否定意义，不能与否定词连用。如：do nothing by halves凡事不可半途而废。(谚语)fools learn nothing from wise men，but wise men learn much from fools愚者不学无术，智者不耻下问。(谚语)【考题示例】 swimming is my favorite sport. there is _ like swimming as a means of keeping fit.a somethingb anything c nothing d everything【考题示例】 jane was asked a lot of questions，but she didnt answer of themaother bany cnone dsome【考题示例】the air of hills is cooler than_of plains.a. that bone cthose d. ones【考题示例】 he is_stupid. in fact he is quite smart.a. anything but b. nothing but c. more than d. no more than【考题示例】first the car broke down，and now i cant find my keys！if its not one thing，its_.a. another b. other c. the other d. others【考题示例】 you seem busy these days.yes. im looking for a house. its really not easy to find _ with a garden.a. this b. one c. it d. that【考题示例】knowledge from real life isnt easier to forget than _ achieved from textbooksait bthat cone dthose【考题示例】mr. robert didnt choose any of the three jackets because he found _ of them satisfactory.a. allb. eitherc. noned. neither【考题示例】 what about the monthly test? is it easy?yes, but i dont think _ pass it. a. somebody b. anybodyc. nobodyd. everybody考点四 、 考查反身代词1反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语、并列主语，以及名词、代词的同位语。the text itself is very easy这篇课文本身很简单。(作主语的同位语)(either)jane or yourself will go there要么jane去，要么你自己去。(作并列主语，但不能单独作主语)he is not laughed at that laughs at himself first谚自嘲者不会让人嘲笑。respect yourself，or no one else will respect you谚要人尊敬，必须自重。2主语与宾语是同一个人时，应当用反身代词teach oneself，enjoy oneself，help oneself，throw oneself，look after oneself3在系动词后作表语，常用于否定句，表示身体不适。i dont know whats the matter with meim not myself today4用在交际英语中help yourseff!随便吃!(宴请礼仪)自己拿吧!make yourself at home!别拘束!dont upset yourself!别自寻烦恼了！5辨别几组搭配by oneself独自，单独；for oneself独自地，靠自己的力量；ofoneself自动地；to oneself独占，独用【考题示例】isnt it amazing how the human body heals after an injury?ahireself bhim citself dit考点五 、考查it的用法在英语中，运用it的