中华文明 Chinese civilization.doc

中华文明 Chinese civilization文明摇篮 cradle of civilization华夏祖先 the Chinese ancestors秦始皇帝 First Emperor, Emperor Chin皇太后 Empress Dowager汉高祖刘邦 founder of the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD)成吉思汗 Genghis Khan ; Temujin夏朝 Xia Dynasty明清两代 (of) Ming and Qing dynasties地名：特别注意四川和陕西拼法四川 Sichuan, Szechwan, Szechuan陝西 Shaanxi四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China火药 gunpowder印刷术 printing造纸术 paper-making指南针 the compass汉字 Chinese character单音节 single syllable汉语四声调 the four tones of Chinese characters阳平 level tone阴平 rising tone上声 falling-rising tone去声 falling tone四书 the Four Books大学 The Great Learning中庸 The Doctrine of the Mean论语 The Analects of Confucius孟子 The Mencius春秋 the Spring and Autumn Annals史记 Historical Records诗经 The Books of Songs;The Book of Odes书经 The Books of History易经 I Ching; The Book of Changes礼记 The Book of Rites孝经 Book of Filial Piety孙子兵法 The Art of War三字经 The Three-Character Scripture;The Three-Word Chant三国演义 Three Kingdoms西游记 Journey to the West; Pilgrimage to the West红楼梦 Dream of the Red Mansions山海经 The Classic of Mountains and Rivers资治通鉴 History as a Mirror;Comprehensive History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers西厢记 The Romance of West Chamber水浒传 Heroes of the Marshes; Tales of the Water Margin聊斋志异 Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio; Strange Tales from Make-Do Studio围城 Fortress Besieged阿Q正传 The True Story of Ah Q五言绝句 five-character quatrain七言律诗 seven-character octave八股文 eight-part essay; stereotyped writing重要文化遗产 major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术 outstanding folk arts文物 cultural relics中国画 traditional Chinese painting书法 calligraphy水墨画 Chinese brush painting; ink and wash painting工笔 traditional Chinese realistic painting中国结 Chinese knot旗袍 Cheongsam中山装 Chinese tunic suit唐装 traditional Chinese garments (clothing)，Tang suit朝廷使者 royal court envoy文人 men of letters雅士 refined scholars表演艺术 performing art现代流行艺术 popular art, pop art纯艺术 high art高雅艺术 refined art电影艺术 cinematographic art戏剧艺术 theatrical art才子佳人 gifted scholars and beautiful ladies生 (男性正面角色) male (the positive male role)旦 (女性正面角色) female (the positive female role)净 (性格鲜明的男性配角) a supporting male role with striking character丑 (幽默滑稽或反面角色) a clown or a negative role花脸 painted role歌舞喜剧 musical滑稽场面, 搞笑小噱头 shtick滑稽短剧 skit京剧人物脸谱 Peking Opera Mask皮影戏 shadow play; leather-silhouette show说书 story-telling叠罗汉 make a human pyramid折子戏 opera highlights踩高跷 stilt walk哑剧 pantomime; mime哑剧演员 pantomimist戏剧小品 skit马戏 circus show单口相声 monologue comic talk, standup comedy特技表演 stunt相声 witty dialogue comedy, comic cross talk杂技 acrobatics京韵大鼓 the traditional story-telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment秦腔 Shaanxi opera武术 martial art功夫 kung fu武术门派 styles or schools of martial art习武健身 practice martial art for fitness气功 qigong, deep breathing exercises拳击 boxing篆刻 seal cutting upriteous工艺, 手艺 workmanship / craftsmanship卷轴 scroll蜡染 batik泥人 clay figure漆画 lacquer painting唐三彩 Trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty景泰蓝 cloisonn文房四宝 The four stationery treasures of the Chinese study - a writing brush, an ink stick, an ink stone and paper民间传说 folklores寓言 fable传说 legend神话 mythology古为今用,洋为中用 make the past serve the present and the foreign serve china赋诗 inscribe a poem对对联 matching an antithetical couplet阳历 solar calendar公历 Gregorian calendar阴历 lunar calendar天干 heavenly stem地支 earthly branch闰年 leap year二十四节气 the twenty-four solar terms十二生肖 the twele Chinese zodiac signs本命年 ones year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches传统节日 traditional holidays春节 the Spring Festival元宵节 the Lantern Festival (15th day of the first lunar month)清明节 the Pure Brightness Festival / the Tomb-sweeping Day