Joseph Conrad 英国文学课件.ppt

JosephConrad 1857 1924 oneofthegreatestnovelistsintheEnglishlanguage Quotations No itisimpossible itisimpossibletoconveythelife sensationofanygivenepochofone sexistence thatwhichmakesitstruth itsmeaning itssubtleandpenetratingessence Itisimpossible Welive aswedream alone Part1 HeartofDarkness WithhauntingverseConradhascraftedachillingtaleladenwithlushimageryandsymbolismdescribingtheambiguitybetweengoodandevil Withcharactersasanti heroheexaminesman smoralcomplexitiesandcapacityforcorruptionandevil andthedarkdepthsofthehumanpsyche Quotations2 AnythingapproachingthechangethatcameoverhisfeaturesIhaveneverseenbefore andhopenevertoseeagain Oh Iwasn ttouched Iwasfascinated Itwasasthoughaveilhadbeenrent Isawonthativoryfacetheexpressionofsombrepride ofruthlesspower ofcraventerror ofanintenseandhopelessdespair Didhelivehislifeagainineverydetailofdesire temptation andsurrenderduringthatsuprememomentofcompleteknowledge Hecriedinawhisperatsomeimage atsomevision hecriedouttwice acrythatwasnomorethanabreath ibid Part3 Whileitaddressesthetimelessstruggleofman sself deceptionandinnerconflicts influencedbyConrad sownsenseofisolationfromhispast thestoryofMarlow sjourneyintotheCongoalsoexposestheclashes exploitationandbarbaritybetweenEuropeanandAfricansocietiesduring19thCenturycolonialexpansionism Influence SomeofConrad sworksincludingHeartofDarknesshaveinspiredfilmmakersandsuchauthorsasF ScottFitzgerald GabrielGarc aM rquez D H Lawrence andVirginiaWoolf HehasalsobeengroupedwithothersuchesteemedauthorsashisfriendStephenCraneandRobertLouisStevenson Coppolathedirector RevisedfromHeartofDarkness HisLife JosephConradwasborninBerdycz w nowinUkraine intoanimpoverished highlypatrioticPolishnoblefamilybearingtheNa czcoat of arms HisfatherApolloKorzeniowskiwasawriterofpolitically themedplaysandatranslatorofAlfreddeVigny VictorHugo CharlesDickensandShakespearefromtheFrenchandEnglish HeencouragedhissonKonradtoreadwidelyinPolishandFrench HisfatherApollobelongedtotheszlachta ahereditarysocialclasscomprisedofmembersofthelandedgentry hedespisedtheRussianoppressionofhisnativeland HeandoneofConrad smaternaluncles StefanBobrowski helpedplananuprisingagainstRussianrulein1863 OthermembersofConrad sfamilyshowedsimilarpatrioticconvictions Bobrowski anothermaternaluncle resignedhiscommissioninthearmyandwasimprisoned whileRobertandHilaryKorzeniowski twofraternaluncles alsoassistedinplanningtheaforementionedrebellion Robertdiedin1863andHilarywasimprisonedandexiled AllofthispoliticalturmoilwouldprovetobepredictablydisturbingtoyoungJosef whocouldonlystandidlybyashewatchedhisfamilyembroiledinsuchdangerouscontroversy Thenotionofthestrongoppressingtheweak andtheweakpowerlesstorevolt surfacesinHeartofDarkness wheretheWhitetraderswantonlymurdertheCongoleseinpursuitofrichesandpower In1861theelderKorzeniowskiwasarrestedbyImperialRussianauthoritiesinWarsawforhelpingorganizewhatwouldbecometheJanuaryUprisingof1863 64 andwasexiledtoVologda acitywithaveryharshclimate HiswifeEwelinaKorzeniowskaandfour year oldsonfollowedhimintoexile DuetoEwelina sweakhealth Apollowasallowedin1865tomovetoChernihiv Ukraine wherew thinafewweeksEwelinadiedoftuberculosis ApollodiedfouryearslaterinKrak w leavingConradorphanedattheageofeleven YoungConradwasplacedinthecareofhismaternaluncle TheFamily Earlyyearsasasailor Duringhisearlyteenageyears Conradreadagreatdeal particularlytranslationsCharlesDickens novelsandCaptainFrederickMarryat anEnglishnovelistwhowrotepopularadventureyarnsaboutlifeatsea Marryat snovelsmayhavebeenpartlyresponsibleforthesixteen year oldConrad sdesiretogotoseaandtraveltheworldasamerchantmarine Nevertheless BobrowskiallowedConradtotravelattheageof16toMarseilleandbeginacareerasaseaman ThiscameafterConradhadbeenrejectedforAustro Hungariancitizenship leavinghimliabletoconscriptionintotheRussianArmy In1878hepassedhisexaminationsformastermariner thesameyearhebecameaBritishsubject Heneverofficiallychangedhisoriginalname andassumedthepen nameofJosephConradonlywhenpublishingin1895hisfirstnovelAlmayer sFolly Voyage In1878 Conradsufferedfromdepression causedinpartbygamblingdebtsandhisbeingforbiddentoworkonanyFrenchshipsduetohislyingabouthavingtheproperpermits Hemadeanunsuccessfulattemptatsuicide shootinghimselfthroughtheshoulderandmissinghisvitalorgans Biographersdifferintheirinterpretationsofthisattempt SomecontendthatConradwasdepressedabouthissquanderingallhismoney whileothersreportthattheattemptwasarusedesignedtoputConradoutofworkandthusescapethegraspofcreditors Literarycareer AfterthepublicationofAlmayer sFolly Conradbeganproducinganumberofbooksinrapidsuccession manyofwhichfeaturedplotsaboutsailorsandtraveltoexploremoralambiguityandthenatureofhumanidentity TheNiggerofthe Narcissus 1897 concernsatubercularBlacksailorwhoseimpendingdeathaffectshisfellowcrewmeninanumberofprofoundways LordJim 1900 examinestheeffectsofacowardlyactandhowthisact smoralrepercussionshauntamanuntilhisdeath LordJim sstoryistoldbyMarlow thenarratorofHeartofDarkness In1902 ConradpublishedHeartofDarkness ashortnoveldetailingMarlow sjourneyintotheBelgianCongo andthemetaphorical heartofdarkness ofman Allthreebookswerehighlyregardedintheirtimeandarestillwidelyreadandstudiedtoday In1904 Nostromowaspublished thecomplextaleofanimaginarySouthAmericanrepublic TheeffectsofgreedandforeignexploitationhelpedtodefineConrad sobliqueandsometimesdifficultnarrativestyle Conradcontinuedwritingtalesoftravel butalsoturnedhisattentiontonovelsofpoliticalintrigue TheSecretAgent 1907 concernsagroupofanarchistswhoplantoblowuptheGreenwichObservatory UnderWesternEyes 1911 setinnineteenth centuryCzaristRussia followsthelifeofastudentwhobetrayshisfriend theassassinofagovernmentofficial totheauthorities Hisstory TheSecretSharer 1912 usesthe Doppelgangertheme whereamanmeetshisfigurativedouble toexaminewhatConradviewedastheshiftingnatureofhumanidentityandtheessentialisolationofallhumanbeings In1913 Chancewasagreatsuccessbothcriticallyandfinancially thenovel likeHeartofDarkness exploresthewaysinwhichaninnocentperson likeMarlow becomeshardenedbythehorrorsthatsurroundher OthernovelsmarkedbytheseessentialConradianthemesincludeTheInheritors cowrittenwithFordMaddoxFord 1901 Victory 1915 andTheShadow Line 1917 Conradalsoturnedtoautobiography TheMirroroftheSea 1906 APersonalRecord 1912 andNotesonLifeandLetters 1921 HisDeath ConraddiedofheartfailureonAugust3 1924 HewasburiedinCanterburyCemeteryandsurvivedbyhiswifeandsons Stillhonoredbymillionsofreadersasoneofthegreatestmodernwriters Conradleftbehindalargebodyofworkwhosenaturehedefined inhisPrefacetoTheNiggerofthe Narcissus as asingle mindedattempttorenderthehighestkindofjusticetothevisibleuniverse bybringingtolightthetruth manifoldandone underlyingitseveryaspect JosephConradSquare ThePeninsulainHongKongberdichev Style Conrad anemotionalmansubjecttofitsofdepression self doubtandpessimism disciplinedhisromantictemperamentwithanunsparingmoraljudgment Asanartist hefamouslyaspired inhisprefacetoTheNiggerofthe Narcissus bythepowerofthewrittenwordtomakeyouhear tomakeyoufeel beforeall tomakeyousee That andnomore anditiseverything IfIsucceed youshallfindthereaccordingtoyourdeserts encouragement consolation fear charm allyoudemand and perhaps alsothatglimpseoftruthforwhichyouhaveforgottentoask WritinginwhattothevisualartswastheageofImpressionism Conradshowedhimselfinmanyofhisworksa